Cui Zhiyuan

Cui Zhiyuan

Cui Zhiyuan was named Guyun, Haiyun and Wenchang. The people of the king of Silla on the Korean Peninsula. At the age of 12, i.e. the ninth year of Xiantong (868 A.D.) of Yizong of Tang Dynasty, he sailed westward to enter the Tang Dynasty. He studied in Chang'an, the capital of China, and traveled to Luoyang. In the first year of Qianfu (874 AD), Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty became a Jinshi and served as a prefect of Lishui County. At the end of his term, he was employed by Huainan Jiedu envoy Gao Pian as the chief inspector of the shogunate. When he was 28 years old, that is, in the fourth year of Zhonghe (884 AD), he returned to Silla as a "national messenger". During his 16 years in the Tang Dynasty, he was modest and respectful, and had a lot of friends with literati poets and aides in the late Tang Dynasty.

introduce

Cui Zhiyuan, a native of the end of Silla, is the first scholar and poet in the history of Korea who left a collection of his own works. He has always been respected as the founder of Korean Chinese literature by the academic circles of Korea and South Korea, and is known as "the Confucian School of the East" and "the ancestor of the literature of the East". When he was 12 years old, he left home to study in Chang'an. He spent 16 years in China. In the first seven or eight years, he studied in Chang'an and Luoyang. In the second half, he successively worked in Lishui (now Lishui District of Nanjing City) and Huainan as an official. For more than eight years, he participated in the campaign against Huang Chao. In 881, he served as Huainan Jiedu envoy (stationed in Yangzhou). Cui Zhiyuan returned to Xinluo at the age of 28 and continued to hold an important position in the Xinluo Dynasty .

Cui Zhiyuan's literary creation continued throughout his life. He once compiled his excellent works into the 20 volumes of Guiyuan Bi Geng Ji. Mr. Fan Wenlan once spoke highly of Guiyuan Bi Geng Ji, saying that it was "an excellent collection of essays and preserved a lot of historical events". Because of his great achievements in literature, Cui Zhiyuan was praised by the later generations of Korea and Korea. After his death, he was named the Marquis of Wenchang, and was worshipped as the "teacher of a hundred generations".

In Tang Dynasty

In 868 A.D., Cui Zhiyuan, 12 years old, said goodbye to his family and went to the West alone. He entered the Tang Dynasty with a merchant ship. Before leaving, his father earnestly entrusted him with a severe admonition: "if you don't become a Jinshi in ten years, then don't call me a son. I don't call you a son. If you go there, you'll be diligent. No laziness is strength." At that time, the Cui family was not a dignitary, but an ordinary aristocrat. It was a shortcut to revitalize the family, to shine and to become an official.

The 12-year-old Cui Zhiyuan thus undertook the major mission of Everbright's entire family. The sea is vast. Looking out from the hurdles, the young people of Silla have what kind of uneasiness, longing, loneliness, ambition, even fear of strange prospects. There are so many contradictions and tangles that later generations have no words to prove and no words to speculate. Presumably, only the ever flowing sea knows the complicated mind of this young man, which is not commensurate with his age.

Study

Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty was the most powerful country in the world at that time. It has a vast territory, rich material resources and developed culture. It is open and inclusive. It is widely accepted by all countries. In the first year of Zhenguan, the imperial examination was opened to foreign students in the Tang Dynasty. Foreign students could also get a title and enter the imperial examination, which was called "Binggong Jinshi". This enlightened policy attracted foreign students from all over the world, and it became a fashion to study in Tang Dynasty. The students studied in a university called Guozijian, which was also a famous international university at that time. According to historical records, Guozijian can accommodate more than 3000 students, with a large number of students studying abroad, especially in Silla and Japan. The funds for international students are mainly funded by Datang, and even students who come here at their own expense can also be funded.

Study in Guozijian

Cui Zhiyuan came to the Tang Dynasty in the late Tang Dynasty. Although he did not have the grandeur of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, "a hundred legged insect is dead but not stiff", the afterglow of the prosperous age is still there. Although there are hundreds of students from the same country studying together, it can relieve the pain of homesickness, but the fierce competition can not relieve the loneliness in the soul. In 874 A.D., Cui Zhiyuan took part in the imperial examination. Cui Zhiyuan, who has won the title of the gold medal, has finally achieved a lot in his studies. He can take off the burden of many years and repay the high hopes of his father and elder. The good news spread to Qingzhou, and the Cui family celebrated together.

Stay in Datang

Cui Zhiyuan, who entered the imperial examination, did not return to his hometown, but chose to stay in Datang for development. In his heart, he has a broader vision and ambition for life. According to the law of the Tang Dynasty, and two years later through the selection of the Ministry of officials, we can obtain the qualification of official. In the two-year gap between Ji Ji and Jin Shi, Cui Zhiyuan lost the government funding because of the end of his study abroad status, thus losing his original meager financial resources. He began to embark on the road of literary creation and make a living by himself. The eastern capital is Luoyang, where Cui Zhiyuan spent two years traveling and wandering. Not yet in the top of the mountain for how long, has been the real cruelty of life fell heavily. It's hard to advance, but it's hard to retreat. It's not that I don't know how good it is to go back, just because I'm poor. In a dilemma, Cui Zhiyuan chose to hibernate and wait, waiting for the great task to come and help the world, waiting for his ambition to serve his country. During the waiting period, Cui Zhiyuan made a lot of friends and met a group of people of insight. They sing and respond to each other, and their poems and essays advance with each other.

Become an official

To be an official

In the winter of 876, Cui Zhiyuan, the year of weak crown, was finally appointed as Lishui County captain by the imperial court. During the three years of Ren Xianwei's reign, Cui Zhiyuan was an official with a thick salary and made friends by writing. He followed Confucius's spirit of seeking knowledge, that is, "if you go to the flat land, you can go forward even if you fall short". He accumulated small steps to thousands of miles, and small streams to rivers and seas. Cui Zhiyuan later compiled his poems in Lishui as a collection of Zhongshan falls short. Unfortunately, it was a pity that they were lost later.

be homesick

Lishui is located in a secluded place, which is quite different from the bustling cities of Chang'an and Luoyang. As a foreigner, Cui Zhiyuan naturally felt lost, lonely and homesick. "The autumn wind is only a bitter chant, and there are few bosom friends in the world. Outside the window, it's raining at three o'clock, but it's raining in front of the lamp. The feeling of homeland is deep and generous. Huashan, located on the Bank of Gucheng Lake in Gaochun, a suburb of Nanjing, is famous for its rich peony. There is an ancient tomb at the foot of Shanxi, where two talented and beautiful girls of the Tang Dynasty are sleeping. They are called "shuangnvfen". The owner of shuangnu tomb was born in a rich family. She wrote and inkstone by herself when she was a child. She grew up with talent. Because she was dissatisfied with her parents' orders, she married a prominent salt merchant and died of anger. Cui Zhiyuan, a county captain of Lishui County, visited Huashan and stayed in Zhaoxian post. He heard the story of the two girls. He was deeply moved by the memory of the solitary grave and the feeling of admiration and pity. He left a poem of seven rhythms as a sign of mourning. That night, in the post house, I suddenly saw a servant girl come to me with two red bags and two poems. In the poem, I feel sad and sad, telling the unfair fate. Cui Zhiyuan sighed and immediately wrote a poem for his servant girl. And the night, dream of two "Fairy" driving, purple skirt from the home, red sleeve tell misfortune. The three talked in the evening by candlelight and sang poems. The two sisters were in a hurry to say goodbye. When Cui Zhiyuan woke up, he was very surprised. He wrote 103 words in the inscription shuangnvfen Ji and 431 words in the seven character ancient style shuangnvfen. He also wrote the article xiannvhongbao, which details the story of Zhaoxian Post's dream of meeting fairies and ghosts. The plot is tortuous and strange, and the writing is beautiful and vivid. Later, this article was accepted in the famous Korean classic "Silla's special records", which is regarded as the "Liaozhai pioneer" and widely spread.

Cui Zhiyuan's Fairy red bag is deeply influenced by the legends of the Tang Dynasty. It has gorgeous colors and fantastic plots. It uses mysterious dreams as a guide to express what one wants. Cui Zhiyuan, who lives in a foreign land, needs a spiritual understanding and mutual understanding more than the literati of the Tang Dynasty, to cover the light of ideal for the desolation of a foreign land. However, the two women died in a setback in their marriage, which is related to Cui Zhiyuan's poor official career. As a result, the dream of tea fragrance, will become a more perfect interpretation of the ideal of life.

Back to Chang'an

In 880 A.D., Cui Zhiyuan's term of office expired and wanted to return to Chang'an in the West. When the Yellow nest uprising happened, the uprising army crossed the river by quarrying stones. All the way, they broke through the natural danger of Tongguan, and Chang'an fell. Cui Zhiyuan had no hope of going west, so he had to look for another good opportunity. After Gu Yun's recommendation and letter recommendation, Cui Zhiyuan entered Yangzhou gaopian gate. Although the Tang Dynasty has been in turmoil, Yangzhou is still prosperous. Business is active, life is rich, silk and bamboo are pleasant, talents gather. Cui Zhiyuan started the most glorious period of his life.

Gao Pian's literary talent is very high. He likes to make friends with literati and gathers talented people under the curtain. Cui Zhiyuan's outstanding talent is highly appreciated by Gao pian. During the period under the curtain of gaopian, Cui Zhiyuan actually acted as a close secretary and senior staff officer, and drew up a large number of official documents such as imperial edicts, inspirations and petitions for gaopian. Although he is far away from his ideal of taking charge of his own affairs, it is a great opportunity.

In the late Tang Dynasty, the scholar bureaucrats entered the government offices, acted as the civilian assistants, and then became officials. This is a unique way for the literati to seek official career. Cui Zhiyuan can be regarded as a magnanimous person on this path. Relying on Gao Pian's recommendation, Cui Zhiyuan successively held important posts such as shiyufu neifeng, Dutong inspector, chengwulang, Guanyi inspector, etc. Cui Zhiyuan's literary talent has been fully displayed here. In May 881, Gao Pian launched a campaign against Huang Chao. Cui Zhiyuan wrote the book of calling on Huang Chao, which was passed down all over the world and won the title of "feiyubao". There is a sentence in the petition that "not only all the people in the world want to kill, but also the ghosts in the earth have talked about killing by Yin". The preciseness of the words makes Huang Chao, a generation of heroes, feel timid.

The peak of literary creation

The five-year official tour of Huainan shogunate in Yangzhou was the most frequent period of Cui Zhiyuan's literary creation, and the quality reached the peak. Gui Yuan Bi Geng Ji is an immortal work completed in this period, and it is also a work handed down by Cui Zhiyuan to later generations. this

Chinese PinYin : Cui Zhi Yuan