Ding Guoxian

Ding Guoxian

Ding Guoxian (1909-1972), a famous performing artist of Jin opera, formerly known as Ding Buyun and stage name "guoguohong". The "Ding school" aria created by her has a profound influence on Jin opera and promoted the development of Jin opera art. Therefore, she has the reputation of "king of Xusheng in Shanxi Bangzi". In 1972, he was tortured to death by the gang of four. In her nearly 50 years of artistic career, with her profound artistic attainments and outstanding artistic achievements, she has created precious artistic wealth and promoted the performance art of Xusheng in Jin opera to a new stage. Although she withered prematurely in the ten years of turmoil, the Ding school art of Jin opera created by her and her artistic achievements will always be recorded in the annals of history.

Profile

Ding Guoxian (1909-1972), female, formerly known as Ding Buyun, has a nickname of Guozi and a stage name of guoguohong.

Ding Guoxian was born in 1909 in Shulu County, Hebei Province (now Dingjiazhuang village, xiaoxinzhuang Township, Xinji City, Hebei Province). He was a poor farmer surnamed Qian with the nickname "Guozi".

She lost her father when she was 3 years old. When she was 4 years old, she was sold to the Ding family in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province because of the hardship of her family life. She began her art career at the age of seven. He began to learn Tsing Yi, and then changed to Xusheng. At the age of nine, he sang and performed, and at the age of 13, he officially performed on the stage. Under the merciless beating, she practices every day. And chose Hu Zisheng's profession.

She observes men's voice, emotion and behavior in her life. Sometimes she disguises herself as a man, wears short hair and men's clothes, learns to ride a horse and shows up in Taiyuan street.

In Shanxi Bangzi, Hu Zisheng is called "Hong", so "guoguohong" has become the stage name of Ding Guoxian.

As soon as Ding Guoxian joined the art sea, he chose a road full of risks that no one had ever set foot in.

In the past, there was no precedent for a woman to disguise as a man on the stage of Jin opera. Ding Guoxian changed from Qingyi to Xusheng. She was determined to break the rules and appear in front of the audience as a man. For this reason, she made great efforts. After a lot of hard work, she finally became famous when she was 17 or 18 years old.

In the mid-1920s, Shanghai EMI company made records for her, so she won the reputation of "Shanxi Bangzi Xusheng king".

In her long-term artistic practice, Ding Guoxian is good at absorbing the different styles of singing from the previous artists, absorbing the strong points of others, and improving her artistic level.

She also pays attention to learning the essence of her elegant and elegant novels, eliminating the shortcomings of Jin opera.

In her speech, she changed the local accent and absorbed the Beijing charm, which was a great reform of Jin opera. Through the re creation of art, she gradually formed her singing style of high voice, combining hardness and softness, simple and deep, easy to use, clear and pure words, reached the artistic situation of vigor and elegance, simple and gorgeous, and created her unique singing art of "Ding school" of Xusheng in Jin Opera.

A lifetime of trials and hardships

Ding Guoxian (1909-1972), formerly known as Ding Buyun, formerly known as Ding Shuqin, has a nickname of Guozi and a stage name of "guoguohong". He is the first kunjiao'er Hu Zisheng in the history of Jin opera. With more than 40 years of stage art practice, Hu Zisheng's performing art of Jin opera has entered a new stage and become the founder of Ding school of Jin opera.

Ding Guoxian was born in Wangkou village, Shulu County, Hebei Province. In 1910, she begged along the village with her mother. When she was 3 years old, her father, who was a long-term worker, could not afford to get sick, and her life was even poorer. She had to exchange a few buckets of grain for Ding Jiazhuang, a neighboring village Fengming is adopted daughter. In the Ding family, he was beaten, angry and tortured all day. In 1912, the hometown suffered a disaster and was unable to live. Her adoptive father Ding Fengming took her to Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, and went to her uncle Ding Fengzhang to open a grocery store and live in a cockfighting farm. In 1914, when she was six years old, her adoptive mother died, and her adoptive father gave her to his uncle Ding Fengzhang as his child's daughter-in-law. Not long after that, his son died and became his daughter-in-law, but he did not live in his family. In 1915, when she was 7 years old, she went to Shuangsheng and nuke classes of jinfudian to study drama, and later moved to the Naisheng hall. After two years, I just practiced some basic skills and didn't learn much drama. The family invited a teacher named sun Zhulin to teach her how to play. Under the merciless scolding of master and adoptive grandfather, he clenched his teeth and practiced basic skills. In order to improve her hard skills on her legs and feet, during the day, she kept practicing on wooden stilts; at night, she braved the cold to go to the lake to raise her voice and lower her waist; at night, she climbed up her swollen legs and feet to make a posture of facing the sky, and put them under her head as a pillow for sleeping. Ding Guoxian, who has been cast into a stubborn character by suffering since childhood, is determined to make a living in the sea of art with the strong willpower of "I'd rather die of tiredness than be killed by my master". After five or six months of study, I went to Taishan temple to sing for a year and a half. I have some plays in my head, and they sing well. They are very popular with people. Singing tickets alone can't solve the problem of life. The old people in the family are willing to ask her to live in a group. In 1919, when she was 11 years old, her sister's master, the deaf, led them to live in Rongli garden. After only three months of singing, sun Zhulin, his teacher, called them back and went to Taishan temple to sing for a year and a half. In 1921, I went to live in Qingli garden with my grandparents. Later, the group was renamed zhongliyuan and juliyuan. Ding Guoxian had been singing with the group for six or seven years. At this time, Ding Guoxian sang very well. He felt that living in a small group alone would not improve his art. In the first month of 1928, I lived in Jinliyuan for five years.

Ding Guoxian began to sell tickets at the age of 8 and officially performed at the age of 12. By the time he was 15 or 16 years old, he had been "red" all over Xinzhou, famous for Zhang Yuan (Zhangjiakou) and famous for Beijing and Tianjin. There is a mantra in Shanxi Liyuan circles, which sums up the growth path of Jin opera artists: "born in Shanxi, studied in Puzhou, flourished in Xinzhou, and famous in Xuanhua, Datong, Beijing and Zhangjiakou." Ding Guoxian became famous along this way.

Since she devoted herself to the art sea, she has chosen a road which has never been set foot in before and whose future is unpredictable. Soon after learning art, she fell in love with Hu Zisheng and wanted to break the conventions on the stage of Jin opera, so that a woman could be shown on the stage as a man of high profile. This requires not only great courage, but also profound knowledge. For this reason, she observes all kinds of men's expressions and behaviors at any time. She smiles and gets angry, raises her hands and throws her feet. She carefully observes and imitates them and pursues them. Even grow men's short hair, put on men's clothing, put on top hat, clip in the crowd, learn men's gait to walk.

On the stage, her singing is mellow, clear, vigorous and uninhibited, which not only brings into play the characteristics of female voice's high pitched and tactful, but also does not take the female tune; her performance is realistic and handsome, and has the unique delicacy of women without revealing the female appearance. People who don't know the truth can't believe that this actor with long beard and flowing chest and vigorous movements turned out to be a young girl! "Women play men without revealing their faces" and "women play men better than men". In the absence of precedent and rules at that time, Ding Guoxian created a miracle. It was this miracle that made Ding Guoxian go to Beijing for recording and recording at the invitation of Beijing EMI company in January 1936. She won the title of "king of Xusheng of Jin opera" and became famous all over the country.

Besides her profound basic skills, Ding Guoxian's artistic achievements are also due to her ability to learn from others' strong points and integrate innovation. At the stage of learning and the early stage of her career, with the spirit of being open-minded and studious, she learned the expertise of many jin opera predecessors and contemporary artists bit by bit. After that, she fused the strengths of various schools and created a new style, which gradually formed her singing characteristics and style of combining hardness and softness, sound and emotion, solid and bright pronunciation, broad resonance area, clear and pure pronunciation, and easy to use breath. After long-term artistic practice, she developed into a unique "Ding school" art. This had an epoch-making influence on Hu Zisheng's singing in modern Jin opera. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, he performed in Beijing and Tianjin for many times. He had the opportunity to have extensive contact with Peking Opera masters Ma Lianliang and Tan Fuying to broaden his artistic vision and enrich the means of performance. Through the contrast between the two operas in Peking Opera and Jin opera, Ding Guoxian deeply felt that there was a difference between the two sides. Therefore, she creatively absorbed the essence of elegance and elegance in Peking Opera lyrics, and abolished the vulgar and complicated lyrics in Jin opera, so that they could be more standardized and refined in art. She also exchanged "string of dragon balls" with Ma Lianliang's "Si Jin Shi", which broadened her play and improved her artistic skills. In her creation of the role, she added Li Bai in Taibai Zuishu, Zhuge Liang in empty city plan, Chen Gong in catch and release Cao and other elegant and elegant characters. At that time, there were "Gai Tianhong" Wang Buyun and "Shuo Shuo Hong" Gao Wenhan in Shanxi opera. However, many fans said that men are not as good as women, and "Gai Tianhong" is not as good as "guoguohong". Therefore, she is also famous in Beijing and Tianjin for her "fruit red" reputation.

In spite of this, in the dark old society, Ding Guoxian's bitter water could wash away the pink on her face thousands of times, but she could not wash away her anger. At that time, she was not only exploited by the theater owners, but also insulted by the gentry, rich businessmen, bureaucrats and warlords. In 1936, Ding Guoxian performed in Tianjin Beiyang theater for a month

Chinese PinYin : Ding Guo Xian