Zhou xuanwang

Ji Jing

King Xuan of Zhou? (782 BC), surnamed Ji, named Jing, yizuojing, was born in hojing (now Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), son of King li of Zhou Dynasty, and the eleventh monarch of the Western Zhou Dynasty (828 bc-782 BC).

After King Xuan of Zhou succeeded to the throne, he took office politically and assisted the government with a group of virtuous officials, such as Zhao Mugong, Yin Jifu, Zhong Shanfu, Cheng Boxiu, Guo Wengong, Shen Bo, Han Hou, Xianfu, still uncle and Zhang Zhong; militarily, with the help of the princes, he appointed Nan Zhong, Zhao Mugong, Yin Jifu and Fang Shu to attack Yao Yu, Xirong, Huai Yi, Xu and Chu successively, which restored the national strength of the Western Zhou Dynasty briefly“ Xuanwang Zhongxing. However, in his later years, King Xuan of Zhou was defeated one after another, especially in the battle of one thousand mu. The whole army of the southern kingdom (now the area between the Yangtze River and the Han River) was destroyed. In addition, he was arbitrary, didn't give advice and killed ministers indiscriminately. The rise of King Xuan was a flash in the pan, which also foreshadowed the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the period of king you of Zhou.

Life of the characters

Succession to the throne

King Xuan of Zhou was the son of King li of Zhou. During the reign of King Zhou Li, because of years of foreign wars, the domestic consumption was huge and the National Treasury was empty. Therefore, King li of Zhou appointed Rong Yi Gong as Qing Shi and implemented the patent policy, which changed the mountains, forests and lakes under the direct control of the emperor and prohibited the Chinese from making a living. The people of China talked about it one after another, and King li of Zhou ordered the witch guards to slander, forbid the people of China to talk about state affairs, and kill those who violated it. King li of Zhou's high-pressure policy eventually led to riots among the people of China.

In 843 B.C. (the 37th year of King Zhou Li), because the Chinese were dissatisfied with the tyranny of King Zhou Li, the Chinese in Haojing (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) gathered together and besieged the palace with weapons to kill King Zhou Li. Zhou Liwang fled from the Shanxi and fled to Wei * (now Huozhou, Shanxi). When the Chinese attacked the palace, they didn't find King Zhou Li. Instead, they looked for Prince Jing. Duke Zhaomu hid Prince Jing. The Chinese surrounded his family and wanted to send him out by bus. Duke Zhaomu was forced to use his son to impersonate Prince Jing. The Chinese killed his son, and Prince Jing survived.

After the Chinese people died, Zongzhou had no master, and the princes elected Duke Mu and Duke Zhou Ding to take the post of emperor.

In the first 829 years (fourteen years of republicanism), Zhou Liwang died in the kingdom of *, while Prince Taizu grew up in the summoning of Mu Mu, summoning Mu Gong, Zhou Ding Gong and the princes to take the throne.

decline

After King Xuan of Zhou succeeded to the throne, he used foreign troops many times, which made the Zhou Dynasty once present the situation of "the four sides are both flat, and the kingdom is stable". However, due to the depletion of national strength in successive wars, the social crisis of the Western Zhou Dynasty was aggravated. In addition, in his later years, King Xuan of Zhou acted arbitrarily, refused to give advice and killed ministers indiscriminately, which made the rise of King Xuan a flash in the pan.

In the spring of 817 B.C. (the 11th year of King Xuan of Zhou), Duke Wu, the king of the state of Lu, played with the eldest son and the youngest son, and met King Xuan of Zhou. King Xuan of Zhou loved Gongzi opera and wanted to make it the prince of Lu. Fan Zhongfu, King Xuan's doctor, dissuaded him from saying that it was not in accordance with the old system to abolish the elders and establish the juveniles. King Xuan refused to listen and insisted on establishing Prince Xi as the prince of the state of Lu. In the summer of the same year, Duke Wu of Lu died after he returned to China, and the young master Xi succeeded him as Duke Yi of Lu.

In 807 B.C. (the 21st year of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty), Boyu, the son of Duke Kuo, and the people of Lu attacked and killed Duke Yi of Lu. Boyu was established as the king of Lu, known as "Duke abolish of Lu" in history.

In 797 BC (the 31st year of King Xuan of Zhou), King Xuan of Zhou crusaded against the state of Lu and killed the Duke Boyu of Lu. King Xuan of Zhou asked the minister who was qualified as the prince of Lu. Fan Muzhong said that Lu Yigong's younger brother said that he was solemn and respectful, respected the old people, and that law enforcement must follow the etiquette of the previous dynasty. Therefore, King Xuan of Zhou established his son in the Yi Palace (the temple of King Xuan's grandfather, King Yi of Zhou) and called him the king of Lu, the Duke of filial piety of Lu. After this incident, the reputation of Emperor Zhou was greatly reduced, and many princes disobeyed the king's orders.

In his later years, King Xuan of Zhou used troops to the surrounding tribes many times, but most of them failed

In 797 BC (the 31st year of King Xuan of Zhou), King Xuan of Zhou sent troops to attack the army of Taiyuan without success.

In 793 B.C. (the 36th year of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty), King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty sent troops to attack Tiaorong and benrong (now southwest of Xixia County), and they were defeated.

In 790 B.C. (the 39th year of King Xuan of Zhou), King Xuan of Zhou sent troops to win the battle against Shenrong (the western Shenguo, now the north of Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province). In the same year, the Zhou army was defeated by Jiang Rong in the battle of one thousand mu, and the whole army of the southern kingdom was destroyed. With the help of his father, King Xuan of Zhou was able to break through.

It was originally a ceremony held by the village leaders to cultivate the collective owned land before the beginning of certain agricultural labor, which has the function of encouraging collective farming. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the land originally owned by the collective, that is, the public land, became the private property of the emperor, princes and nobles. The ceremony also became a kind of activity in which the emperor and the officials held a ceremony to supervise and inspect the common people's farming, and to possess the fruits of the common people's labor. During the reign of King Xuan of Zhou, the ceremony was held in less than 1000 mu. Duke Wen of Guo advised King Xuan of Zhou, but he did not listen. Some people think that the system of minefield had been seriously damaged during the reign of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty. A large number of public fields were privatized. King Xuan of Zhou admitted the established fact and the relevant ceremony was cancelled.

After the death of his Southern Division, King Xuan of Zhou wanted to make a census of the population in Taiyuan to supplement his troops and collect materials. Zhong Shanfu believed that since ancient times, the number of people could be known without census, because Si min was responsible for registering life and death; Si Shang was responsible for giving family names; Si TU was responsible for population communication; Si Kou was responsible for executing criminals; Si Mu knew the number of staff; Si Gong knew the number of craftsmen; Si Chang was responsible for population migration; Si Lin was responsible for population migration, and the number of people could be known by asking 100 officials, It can also be investigated through the management of farming, there is no need to spend money to deliberate census. Zhou xuanwang did not listen to dissuasion, and finally census the population in Taiyuan.

Death

In 782 B.C. (the 46th year of King Xuan of Zhou), King Xuan of Zhou died, and his son, King Youji of Zhou, succeeded to the throne. As for the cause of King Zhou Xuan's death, many books record that when King Zhou Xuan was hunting in Pu Tian (today's central Muxi, Henan Province), Du Bo's ghost took a white horse and a white car, and was escorted by sikongkai to protect the left and the minister to protect the right. Du Bo, wearing a red hat, galloped from the side of the road. He held a red bow and took a red arrow, and hit King Xuan in the heart with one arrow. King Xuan fell on the quiver after his backbone was broken.

Main achievements

When King Xuan of Zhou succeeded to the throne, after the official administration of the Western Zhou Dynasty under the rule of King li of Zhou was corrupt and the people were separated, King Xuan of Zhou ordered to repair the official office, widely admonish, settle down the people, repair weapons, promote rites and music, follow the legacy of King Wen of Zhou, King Wu of Zhou, King Cheng of Zhou and King Kang of Zhou, and appoint Duke mu of Zhao, Zhong Shanfu, Yin Jifu, uncle Xiu of Cheng, Duke Wen of Guo, Shenbo, Han Hou and Xian in time His father, uncle Shang, Shao Mugong, Zhang Zhong and other virtuous officials assisted the government and launched wars against the surrounding tribes one after another, which restored the prestige of the declining Zhou royal family. The princes met the emperor again, and the four barbarians were in Xianfu, which was known as "xuanwang Zhongxing" in history.

military

Yaoyu is a tribe located in the north and northwest of China. During the reign of King li of Zhou Dynasty, he sent troops to plunder the property and population around Haojing, and was defeated by many friends sent by the Minister Wu Gong. In June 823 B.C. (the fifth year of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty), Yao Yu attacked the Western Zhou Dynasty again. The main force was concentrated in jiaohuo (now in the northwest of Jingyang of Shaanxi Province), and the vanguard troops arrived in Jingyang (now in Jingyang of Shaanxi Province), which directly threatened the security of Haojing and pangjing. King Xuan of Zhou ordered Yin Jifu to lead the troops to counter attack. Yin Jifu took Yuanrong Shicheng as the vanguard and traveled 30 Li a day to defeat Yuyu in pengya (now northeast Baishui of Shaanxi Province), then pursued Taiyuan (now near Pingliang of Gansu Province). King Xuan of Zhou sent nanzhong and his troops to Shuofang (the northern border area) to build a city for fortification, which alleviated the threat of Yuyu. In 816 B.C., King Xuan of Zhou sent Guo Jizi Bai and his army to attack Quyu, defeated Quyu on the North Bank of Luoshui, beheaded 500 people and captured 50 people. When Guo jizibai held the ceremony of offering captives in his class, he ordered his subordinates not to lead their troops to pursue Yu who had retreated to Luoshui and won. After the war, the Western Zhou Dynasty relieved the suffering of Yao Yu. King Xuan of Zhou held a grand celebration for Guo jizibai in the imperial temple to commend him for his achievements, and gave him horses, bows and arrows, Tongya, axes and Yue, as well as the power to fight against barbarians.

Xirong is the general name of the Western tribes in ancient China, which threatened the western border of the Western Zhou Dynasty for a long time. During the reign of King Xuan of Zhou, he ordered the princes to attack Xirong many times. In 825 B.C. (the third year of King Xuan of Zhou), King Xuan of Zhou appointed Qin Zhong as a doctor and ordered him to lead the army to attack Xirong. In 823 B.C. (the fifth year of King Xuan of Zhou), Qin Zhong was defeated and died. King Xuan of Zhou summoned five brothers, Qin zhuanggong, the son of Qin Zhong, and gave them 7000 soldiers to attack Xirong. The Duke of Qin Zhuang defeated Xirong, and King Xuan of Zhou granted the Duke of Qin Zhuang a senior official in xichui (today's Gansu Province) and the land of daluocanqiu (Lixian County, Gansu Province).

In addition, the state of Jin was ordered to attack Xirong many times. In 806 B.C. (22nd year of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty), marquis mu of Jin led an army to attack Tiao Rong (southwest of Xixia County). In 803 B.C. (the 25th year of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty), he defeated the local Rong people in Qianmu (now jiexiunan, Shanxi Province). In 791 B.C. (38th year of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty), Beirong was defeated in Fenshui and Xishui.

Huaiyi, also known as nanhuayi, huainanyi or Nanyi, is a tribe of Dongyi in Huaihe River and Hanjiang River. It has been strong since King Mu of Zhou Dynasty and invaded Yishui and Luoshui River Basin many times. During the period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Western Zhou Dynasty ruled the southern Zhou Dynasty. King li of Zhou mobilized the sixth division of the West and the eighth division of Yin to send the eldest father of Guo Gong to fight, but failed to win. Thanks to Wu Gong, the minister, who sent his subordinates Yu to mobilize 100 chariots, 200 Jiashi, and 1000 apprentices to fight, he finally defeated the Allied forces, captured the Marquis of Hubei, and destroyed the state of Hubei. Later, King li of Zhou and the father of Duke Guo led troops to attack Huaiyi, Zhijiao (now Huaiyin, Jiangsu) and Jin (now Baoying, Jiangsu)

Chinese PinYin : Zhou Xuan Wang