Emperor qinzong of Song Dynasty

Zhao Huan

Zhao Huan (May 23, 1100 - June 29, 1156), the ninth emperor of the Song Dynasty (January 19, 1126 - March 20, 1127), the last emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, the eldest son of Zhao Ji, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, the mother brother of Zhao Gouyi, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, and the empress Wang Xiangong.

In the third year of Yuanfu (1100), Zhao Huan was born in Kunning hall. His first name was Zhao Yu, who was granted the title of Duke of Korea. In June of the next year, he was king of Jingzhao. In 1108, he was king of Jingzhao. In 1115, he was the crown prince. In 1125, he was granted the title of emperor Kaifeng. Soon, he was granted the title of emperor Jingkang by Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty. After listening to the slander of treacherous officials, Emperor qinzong and song Huizong dismissed Li Gang. The Jin soldiers besieged Kaifeng, but they were unable to resist. The subjugated emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty was captured by the Jin people during the change of Jingkang. In 1156, Shaoxing died in Yanjing. At the age of 56, he was named emperor Gongwen Shunde Renxiao and buried in Yongxian mausoleum.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Zhao Huan, formerly known as Zhao Yao, also known as Zhao Xuan, is the eldest son of Zhao Ji, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, and the elder brother of Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty. His mother is the queen of Xiangong, and Zhu Lian, the daughter of Zhu BOCAI, the governor of the Kangjun army, is the crown princess.

Ascend to the throne in the face of danger

In October 1125, the state of Jin, after destroying the state of Liao, divided its forces to attack the Song Dynasty, directly to Kaifeng, the capital of the Song Dynasty. Zhao Ji took Cai you, the eldest son of Cai Jing and the Chief Secretary of the Privy Council, by the hand in horror, and said, "I can't believe that the Jin army dares to drive straight in like this!" Then he fell into a coma and fell under the bed. Let's give first aid. Zhao Ji, the Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, woke up and asked for paper and pen. "The crown prince is the emperor's throne," Zhao Ji wrote As a result, the 26 year old prince Zhao Huan was appointed to the throne by his father Zhao jichan, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty. Like his father Zhao Ji, Zhao Huan, Emperor qinzong of Song Dynasty, was indecisive, capricious and lacked judgment on political issues.

After he ascended the throne, he immediately demoted Cai Jing, Tong Guan and others, and then put Li Gang in high position to fight against Jin. But he was very weak and indecisive. After listening to the slander of treacherous officials, Li Gang was dismissed and asked Jin for peace.

Jingkang Incident

In the first month of the first year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty (1126), the Jin army crossed the Yellow River, and the capital Kaifeng was under martial law. The assistant minister advised Zhao Huan, Emperor qinzong of Song Dynasty, to flee to Xiangyang (now Xiangyang, Hubei Province). Taichang Shaoqing Li Gang asked to go to the hall for a face-to-face discussion. He said to Zhao Huan, Emperor qinzong of the Song Dynasty, "emperor Daojun has given the clan to his majesty, but you intend to abandon it. Is this appropriate?" Zhao Huan did not answer.

Prime ministers Bai Shizhong and Li Bangyan said that they could not keep the capital and had to avoid it. Li Gang retorted: "which city in the world can have a strong capital? Moreover, the ancestral temple, the state, the officials and the people are all here. How can we get rid of them! We should rectify the army and horse, unite the army and the people, stick to the capital and wait for the division of King Qin. " Zhao Huan asked: "who can be the commander in chief and command the anti gold war?" Li Gang replied: "although Bai Shizhong and Li Bangyan may not be familiar with military affairs, as prime ministers, it is their duty to comfort the soldiers and resist the Jin soldiers." Bai Shizhong said angrily, "can't Li Gang lead his troops to the battle?" Li Gang firmly said: "Your Majesty doesn't think I'm weak and incompetent. Let me take charge of military affairs. I'm willing to repay my death!" Therefore, Zhao Huan appointed Li Gang to stay in Tokyo to defend Tokyo and resist the Jin army.

Just at this time, neidai came to urge that the queen Zhu was ready to leave Kaifeng. Zhao Huan, Emperor qinzong of the Song Dynasty, changed his face. He left his seat and said, "I can't stay here. I'll leave with the queen. " Li Gang knelt down and kowtowed to Zhao Huan in tears. Zhao Huan's heart was a little more stable. He said to Li Gang, "I accept your request to stay. You are solely responsible for the management of the army and the defense of the enemy. You must not be negligent. "

That night, prime ministers Bai Shizhong and Li Bangyan entered the palace overnight, and urged Zhao Huan, Emperor qinzong of the Song Dynasty, to leave Beijing as soon as possible. Zhao Huan decided to leave early the next day. The next morning, Li Gang entered the court and went to the Meridian Gate. He saw that the guards were ready and the emperor's Chengyu was ready. Knowing that Zhao Huan had changed his mind again, Li Gang asked the guards anxiously, "are you willing to stay to guard the ancestral temple or run away with the emperor?" The guard replied in unison: "parents and wives are here, willing to defend the capital!"

After listening to the answer from the guards, Li Gang rushed into the palace and said to Zhao Huan, "Your Majesty has promised to stay. Why do you suddenly have to leave again? The parents and wives of the Sixth Army are here, willing to defend the city with death. Your majesty forces them to escort them away. In case they scatter in the middle of the journey, who will defend your majesty? What's more, the Jin soldiers are very close. How can they resist it when they know that Chengyu is not far away and chase him with a strong horse? " Zhao Huan woke up and ordered the queen to be recalled. In order to stabilize the people's mind, Li Gang immediately told the army and the people, "the emperor has made up his mind and is determined to defend the city. Those who dare to leave the capital and disturb the people's mind will be killed!" As soon as they heard this, the six armed forces stayed behind and chanted "long live!"

Li Gang was deploying to defend the city, and the Jin army arrived at moutuogang, northwest of the capital. Moutuogang was the place where the song army raised horses. Twenty thousand horses and a large number of forage fell into the hands of the Jin army. When Zhao Huan got the news, he was so surprised that he quickly called together the officials to discuss the countermeasures. Li Bangyan said: "the capital city is short of troops, and the king's soldiers can't get there for a while. There's no other way but to seek peace through secession." Li Gang retorted: "the Jin soldiers are alone and deep. They don't have much food and grass. They don't have to be so afraid of him. In case of a disadvantageous battle, we can close the city and stick to it. At the same time, he urged all the troops of the king of Qin to come as soon as possible. At that time, internal and external attacks would surely defeat the Jin army and make peace by cutting off the land. Never do it! "

But in private, Zhao Huan accepted Li Bangyan's advice and sent envoys to Jinying to discuss secession for peace. On the way to Kaifeng, Wu Xiaomin, an emissary of the Jin army, came across him. Wu Xiaomin, an emissary of the Jin army, said to Zhao Huan, "the emperor has already abdicated, so don't worry about the past. I hope that the young emperor (emperor qinzong) will make a new alliance with Dajin, and send the prince and prime minister to our army to make peace. " Zhao Huan asked the ministers, "who can be the ambassador to Jinying?" Li Gang asked to be sent. Zhao Huan said: "you are shouldering the responsibility of guarding the city, and your country is in danger. How can you leave? Let Li go. " Li Lei is the chief of the Privy Council.

After the envoys to the Jinying peace conference were confirmed, all the ministers retreated. Only Li Gang stayed. He asked why Zhao Huan didn't send himself to Jinying. Zhao Huan replied, "Qing has a straight personality. It's not appropriate to go to discuss peace." Li Gang said: "the Jin army is coming to the city, and the division of King Qin has not arrived. It's OK to make peace for the time being. But the terms of the negotiation should be appropriate. Otherwise, it will bring disaster and the safety of the clan will be at stake. I'm afraid that Li Zhen, a coward, may have made mistakes in state affairs. The enemy is insatiable and will inevitably put forward very harsh terms. As long as the imperial court takes appropriate measures, the enemy will retreat at once. If the imperial court is forced by the power of the Jin army and agrees to all their demands, the Jin army will despise us, and there will be endless trouble in the future. " Zhao Huan did not listen, but still asked Li to send an envoy to Jinying.

Sure enough, when Li Zhen arrived at Jinying, he was too scared to say anything. He just got back the terms of peace proposed by the Jin Army: five million taels of gold, fifty million taels of silver, ten thousand oxen and horses, one million silks and satins, honoring the emperor as his uncle, cutting Taiyuan, Zhongshan and Hejian, sending the prime minister and prince to Jinying as hostages, and sending the Jin army across the Yellow River. Li Bangyan and others strongly urged Zhao Huan to accept these terms. The National Treasury is already empty. How can there be so much gold and silver? They had no choice but to order that the capital should be searched as hard as possible, which made every family uneasy and everyone panicked. The whole city was in chaos and the government and the opposition were noisy.

Li Gang is firmly opposed to these conditions. He said: "the gold and silk demanded by the Jin army can not be satisfied with all the wealth of the world. How can one capital be enough? The three towns are the barriers of the country. How can we build the country if we give them to the Jin army? As for the hostages, the prime minister can go, but the prince can't. We should send eloquent people to discuss terms with Jin Jun and explain which can and cannot be agreed. As long as we talk for a few days and delay, the army of King Qin will come. At that time, although the terms proposed by Jin Jun could not be realized, they had to retreat as soon as possible. If we make an alliance with him at that time, he will not dare to despise us. Only in this way can peace last for a long time. " Li Gang and Li Bangyan argued fiercely, but Zhao Huan was silent. Seeing this, Li Gang resigned. Zhao Huanwei said to Li Gang, "I will go out to command the military first, and discuss this matter slowly." However, as soon as Li Gang retreated, Zhao Huan agreed to all of Jin's terms.

When Zhao Huan was worried about which prince to send to Jinying as a hostage, Zhao Gou, the ninth son of Zhao Ji, King Kang, came to court and insisted on sending him. Zhao Gou, king of Kang, said to Zhao Huan, Emperor qinzong of Song Dynasty: "the enemy must ask the prince to be the hostage, and the minister is the grand plan of the clan. Can they refuse to yield?" As soon as Zhao Huan was very happy, he sent him and Prime Minister Zhang bangchang to Jinying. Li told Zhao Gou, king of Kang, "the Jin army was worried about the dishonesty of the Southern Dynasties and asked the prince to send them across the Yellow River before they could come back." Zhao Gou, the king of Kang, replied: "when the country is in danger, it is right to die for it." After the departure of Zhao Gou, the king of Kang, reinforcements came one after another, totaling more than 200000, while the Jin army only had more than 60000 people. Li Gang and others commanded the song army to fight with the Jin army, and they won and lost each other. Jin Bing had already got three towns and a lot of reparations. Seeing that King Qin's song army came to the capital one after another, he had to withdraw in February of this year, and Tokyo was saved.

As early as when the Jin soldiers crossed the Yellow River to the south, Emperor Zhao Ji rushed out of the city to escape, first to Mizhou (now Bozhou in Anhui), and then to Zhenjiang (now Jiangsu). After the Jin army retreated, Zhao Huan sent

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