Feng Menglong

Feng Menglong

Feng Menglong (1574-1646), the word you long, er you, Zi you, long Zi you, Mao Yuan waishi, Gu Qu San Ren, Gusu CI Nu, Pingping Pavilion owner, etc. Ancient Chinese writer, thinker and dramatist. He was born in Changzhou county (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province) in nanzhili of Ming Dynasty, and was a descendant of Feng family in Fengxi, Suzhou.

Feng Menglong was born into a scholar bureaucrat family. He was called "Wu Xia San Feng" with his brother Feng menggui and brother Feng Mengxiong. Gongsheng, Chongzhen, Ming Dynasty. Chongzhen seven years (1634), Fujian Shouning County Magistrate. Later, he went back to his hometown to write. At the beginning of the reign of emperor Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, he wrote Zhongxing weilue, which records Zhu Yujian's supervision of Fuzhou. Jiafu collected books, including Sansui Pingyao Zhuan, think tank, guangxiaofu, Chunqiu Zhimu, ancient and modern Tan Kuang, Mohan Zhai legend, Qile Zhai manuscript, Yandu Japanese, folk song, Shouning County annals, etc. Yushi Mingyan (also known as ancient and modern novels), Jingshi Tongyan and Xingshi Hengyan (collectively referred to as "Sanyan") are the classic representatives of Chinese vernacular short stories.

Feng Menglong has made a unique contribution to Chinese literature through his creation, collection and arrangement of popular literature such as novels, operas, folk songs and jokes.

(general picture: the statue of Feng Menglong is taken from ningde.com)

Life of the characters

Failure in scientific examination

Feng Menglong was born in the second year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1574). He was born in Fengmen area of Changzhou (now Suzhou) in Wuxian County, Suzhou Prefecture, nanzhili.

Most of the books on Feng Menglong think that his family is in Fengmen, Suzhou. Some of them clearly point out that he lives in Fengmen or beside Fengxi, belonging to Fengxi. As a major research project of philosophy and Social Sciences in Suzhou, the outline of Suzhou history records: "Feng Menglong, a popular writer, is a native of Changzhou in Wu County and lives in Fengxi.". Feng Menglong was born in a famous Neo Confucianism school. He received a good cultural education since childhood and was fond of Confucian classics. He was good at reading since childhood. In his childhood and youth, like many scholars in feudal society, he focused on reading classics and history to meet the imperial examination. He was a scholar in high school when he was young, but he didn't win the exam for a long time.

Focus on compiling books

In 1596, he collected folk songs from boatman. He recorded a folk song entitled "countryman" in folk songs volume five miscellaneous songs four sentences, and described in detail the process of collecting wind at that time in the "notes": "Yu you records that during the period of bingshen (the 24th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), a countryman came back from a small boat singing songs. At dusk, he mistakenly touched a festival of pushing boats, and the festival said:" you can make songs immediately, and you should interpret them. "The day when the countryman sang songs:" it's dusk and sunset are dark Feng Menglong, a young man left behind by a pot of wine, made use of the opportunity to contact the lower class people in the city to collect folk songs, ballads, riddles, folk stories and other folk literature works.

Feng Menglong, a young man, once went to Wushan with his good friend Dong xiazhou to organize a poetry club. His brother Feng Ruomu is also a member of the poetry club.

Around the 32nd year of Wanli (1604), he created the legend Shuangxiong Ji, which was composed of 36 volumes, entitled "ancient wulongzi still compiled, Songling shenboming school", and published the legend of mohanzhai.

In the 33rd year of Wanli (1605), Tong Chi Yi Nong Guazhi Er, compiled by Feng Menglong, was published.

In the 34th year of Wanli (1606), Shen De Fu, his friend, wrote a preface to yehuo Bian, which was published in 20 volumes. In the preface, the article of seasonal Xiaoqu said: "since Bi Nian, there have been two songs, Da zaogan and guazhier, with similar intonation. Everyone likes to listen to them, and even publish them." It refers to the previous book.

In 1607, Feng Menglong revised Dong xiazhou's Guang Bo Wu Zhi. Guangbo Wuzhi, compiled by Dong xiazhou, has a preface to the 35th year of Wanli. The preface of Volume 23 is "edited by Dong Si Zhang in Longxi, and set by Wu Chao and Feng Menglong". It can be proved that Feng Menglong said in volume 10 of taixia new play: "Ya Zhou is extremely intelligent, and his works are rich in material records and collected by Jingxiao descendants, which are all treasured by scholars.

The 37th year of Wanli (1609) was a significant turning point in his life. In this year, Feng Menglong separated from Hou Huiqing, a famous prostitute. From then on, "the brothel was no better.". The collection of "Tong Chi Er Nong · folk song" was published about this year. Xu Yun said: "Ruo Fu borrowed the true feelings of men and women to develop the fake medicine of Mingjiao. His contribution is similar to guazhier, so he recorded guazhici, followed by folk song.

In 1614, Feng Menglong compiled "Tong Chi San Nong · Xiaofu", which was appraised by people at that time as "different from each other.".

In 1619, Feng Menglong went to Macheng to make an appointment with Tian Gongzi. He compiled "Linjing Zhiyue" which was compiled by "studying Chu Huang, covering up the relationship with the brothers of the same society, and making more detailed decisions"; at the same time, he "gave a little green clothes to the bamboo slips, and had no time to ask for a cup of tea, so he could not see what he saw" and compiled 36 volumes of "Gujin Xiaoxiao". In the same year, a Kuaiji woman passed the new Jiayi post in Shandong Province. She wrote three quatrains on the wall. She said that she had lost her life as a martial artist and was abused as a grave wife. She was very sad.

Wanli 48 years (1620), is the spring Dynasty, Feng Meng carved "Gujin smile" line world. In September, Taichang was changed to Yuan Dynasty, and Linjing Zhiyue was published. As long as the day before, the biography of demons in Sansui of the Northern Song Dynasty was added into forty chapters, and forty volumes of Tianxu zhaizixing novel were added.

At the beginning of the apocalypse, Feng Menglong suffered the disaster of Zhu Rong because of Tianxu's ancestry. His supplementary version of Sansui Pingyao Zhuan was destroyed by fire. It was re ordered and engraved by Jinquan Jiahui hall, and the title of Xinping Yaozhuan was changed. Ancient and modern novels was returned to Yanqing hall, and the revision and supplement were added, and the title of Yushi Mingyan was changed as one of the "three words".

In the Apocalypse of heaven, Feng Menglong's ancient and modern smile was revised by Ye Kunchi, a calligrapher, after Mei Zhifan's review, and changed its name to ancient and modern Tan Gai.

In the fourth year of Tianqi (1624), Feng Menglong's forty volumes of "warning of the world" were written by jianshantang Zixing, which is the second of "three words". At the end of the year, his friend Qian Qianyi wrote a poem about women in Kuaiji by Xin Jia Yi Bi and Yuan San Xiao Xiu. "As soon as this poem is passed on, the literati argue with it." Feng Menglong and three, after the income of "a brief history of love.".

In the fifth year of Tianqi (1625), in the spring and February, Feng Menglong wrote a preface to Wang Jide's Qulu, which was "inscribed on bugaile nunnery in Fengxi". In September, the Chunqiu hengku was compiled by Ye Kunchi and Li Changgeng.

In the sixth year of Tianqi (1626), Feng Menglong went to Xiushui, Zhejiang Province (now Jiaxing), "sitting in the sanjianzhai building of Jiang's family (Jiang Zhiqiao, named Chuye) for nearly two months, compiled 27 volumes of" think tank ", which is the preface of Zhang Mingbi of Jintan and Shen quyi of Changzhou. In September of the same year, it was edited into 80 volumes of Taiping Guangji banknote, which was followed by Li Changgeng.

In the seventh year of Tianqi (1627), Feng Menglong compiled a collection of Sanqu, taixia xinzou; in the Mid Autumn Festival, he published a 40 volume preface to Xingshi Hengyan, which is the third of the three words.

In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), a brief introduction of love history was compiled, but there was an "Addendum" along with the inscription.

In the second year of Chongzhen (1629), a brief review of love history was finally compiled. It was annotated with the same material as the novel Xing Shi Heng Yan, which indicates that the book was written later.

Official life

In 1630, Feng Menglong became Gongsheng. After that, he began his official life. First, he joined the Imperial Academy as a student of tribute (see the election of Suzhou Fu Zhi), and then he took Sui Gong as a Dantu (now Zhenjiang) to teach. In the same year, he and Ruan Dacheng, who lived in his hometown Dantu at that time, ascended Ganlu temple in Beigu building. Feng Menglong once advised Shi Jingyun, the county magistrate, to carry out the false promotion for the people. During Dantu's term of office, he also compiled four books pointing to the moon.

In 1634, Feng Menglong was promoted from Dantu to Shouning County Magistrate. 6、 In July, before Feng Menglong left for Shouning, he went to Changshu xunjiao office to bid farewell to Qi biaojia. Qi biaojia's "xujianheng, the chief town, came to meet Guangwen, and Feng Menglong also paid a visit with the promotion order." on the way to his post, he "stayed in the boat of Songling" to complete the revision work of "think tank supplement".

In 1638, Feng Menglong returned to Suzhou after his tenure in Shouning County.

In the winter of 1644, Qi biaojia resigned and returned to Shanyin. Feng Menglong sent him to Songling and presented him with his "new work" the new Annals of nations. At the same time, he told Shen Baijin to pay close attention to the publication of the book.

Against the Qing Dynasty in his later years

In the spring of 1645, Feng Menglong left Suzhou to Songling (Wujiang) to bid farewell to Shen Zijin, and then went to Wuxing (Tiaoxi) in Zhejiang Province and Tiantai (Shiliang, tianlaojian) in Hangzhou (Wulin) to fight against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty. It was probably not a short time. At that time, it was the time when "the flames of war ran wildly in a moment, but never ran rather".

In the turbulent situation of the world, when the Qing army went south, Feng Menglong not only actively publicized the anti Qing Dynasty and published the book Zhongxing weilue, but also went to the great cause of anti Qing Dynasty at the age of 70. He was a patriot. When he was magistrate of Shouning County in the reign of Chongzhen, he stated the cause of the decline of the country in Shangshu.

In the spring of 1646, Feng Menglong died at the age of 73.

Main impact

Literary achievements

literature

Feng Menglong has made outstanding contributions to novels, dramas and literary theories, and has an important position in the history of literature. The collection of Feng Menglong's poems no longer exists, but the 30 works compiled by him have been handed down to the world, leaving a number of immortal treasures for the treasure house of Chinese culture. Among them, the most popular and influential are "Sanyan", namely "Yushi Mingyan", "Jingshi Tongyan" and "Xingshi Hengyan". Yu Shi Ming Yan was first named Quanxiang ancient and modern novels. Later, it was renamed Quanxiang for the sake of harmony with Sanyan

Chinese PinYin : Feng Meng Long