Wang Wenshao

Wang Wenshao

Wang Wenshao (1830-1908), whose name is Kuishi, is gengyu, gengyu, and tuipu. His ancestral home is Lianghu, Shangyu, Zhejiang Province. He was born in Renhe, Zhejiang Province (now Hangzhou). Minister in the late Qing Dynasty.

Xianfeng two years (1852) Jinshi. During Tongzhi period, he was the governor of Hunan Province; during Guangxu period, he was the Minister of military department; later, he was the governor of Yungui; later, he was promoted to the governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang; he set up Beiyang University, Shanhaiguan Beiyang railway official school (Tangshan Jiaotong University, now Southwest Jiaotong University), etc.

Life of the characters

In 1852 (the second year of Xianfeng), he was a Jinshi and the head of Quanhu department. He moved to Shaanxi to be a doctor. In 1864 (the third year of Tongzhi), he served as the salt transportation department of Xiangjing yundao in Hubei. Later, he was recommended by Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang. In October 1867 (the sixth year of Tongzhi), he was promoted to Hubei envoy. In November, he dispatched the Hunan ambassador. In 1871 (the tenth year of Tongzhi), he was the governor of Hunan Province. The next year (1872), he was awarded the provincial governor of Hunan. In March 1878 (the fourth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Zuo Shilang of the Department of military affairs learned to walk on the military plane. Later transferred to the left office. At the end of 1882 (the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), he was also the Secretary of the Ministry of accounts. In 1887 (the 13th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), he served as the Minister of the military department. In June 1889 (the 15th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), he was promoted to governor of Yunnan and Guizhou. During his tenure as governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, he suppressed the peasant movement and the Miao uprising many times.

After the Sino Japanese war broke out in 1894, the Qing government took Tianjin as the gateway of the capital. On October 3, 1894 (the 20th year of Guangxu), Wang Wenshao was called to the throne. At the beginning of the next year (1895), he ordered Chong to be the Assistant Minister of Beiyang affairs. On February 13, 1895 (the 21st year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Li Hongzhang was called to Beijing. As the first minister with full power to negotiate with Japan, Wang Wenshao acted as governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang. In March 1895, the Tianzhuangtai was lost, and the Qing army retreated to the mountain customs. On March 14, 1895, Wang Wenshao sent a telegram to the Qing government to order Song Qing to join the Shishan railway station, and Wu Dafu to retreat to Jinzhou, so as to "stop the bandits running westward". The Qing government adopted this proposal and ordered Wu Dafu to stick to Jinzhou, the key entry road.

On April 17, 1895, the Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed. The Qing court ordered Wang Wenshao to "instruct all battalions to restrain the courage of the soldiers and not to stir up trouble.". Wang Wenshao once put forward the idea that "Nie Shicheng and other troops are quite sure that they will be able to fight the first World War". On May 2, 1895, Emperor Guangxu, under the pressure of the moderates, ratified the Treaty of Shimonoseki. On May 8, I changed my appointment in Yantai. In June, Japan appointed Lin Dong as an envoy to China. On June 3, the Qing government appointed Wang Wenshao and Li Hongzhang as plenipotentiary ministers to discuss the incident with Japanese envoys. If Japan talks about the establishment of a democratic state in Taiwan and the people's struggle against Taiwan, it must "earnestly report that the peace talks have been established, and China will never make Taiwan people independent.". Before long, Li Hongzhang proposed to withdraw the troops, and Wang Wenshao agreed. At that time, more than 400 battalions of the main and guest troops inside and outside the customs were stationed in Hunan, Huaihe and Henan, with 30 battalions each. "I know the scattered remains". On July 21, Wang Wenshao once again "asked for the abolition of the military posts in the Beiyang Navy.

On August 28, the Qing court ordered Li Hongzhang to work in the cabinet, and "granted Wang Wenshao, governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, the title of governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang.".

Main achievements

During his tenure as governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang, he repeatedly suggested strengthening Beiyang coastal defense, rectifying Navy, setting up Tianjin military academy and rebuilding Dalian fort in Lushun. He believes that Tianjin is the fundamental place for the coastal defense of the north and the south, Dagu and Beitang are the internal households, Jinlu and Weihai are the external households, and Shanshan customs and Yingkou are the key points of land and water. They are the horns of each other and encircle the sea for more than 3000 Li. Therefore, they must coordinate the coastal defense and have great insight. And in the construction of water conservancy, farmland, schools and other aspects also have a lot of achievements. It has set up Beiyang University, Shanhaiguan Beiyang railway official school (Tangshan Jiaotong University, now Southwest Jiaotong University), Yucai School, Russian language school, Western Navy School, and Shanghai Nanyang University to cultivate a group of talents for the country.

Post in old age

In 1898 (the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Wang Wenshao was one of the three ministers of the prime minister's Yamen. He was appointed to handle the new deal in 1898, but secretly blocked it. In 1900 (the 26th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Hou Chong was the vice president and chief executive of the National History Museum. When the Eight Power Allied forces captured Beijing, he carried the military aircraft office seal to Huailai and fled to Xi'an with Empress Dowager Cixi. Wang Wenshao followed him on foot. He was deeply appreciated by Cixi and advocated foreign compromise. On December 6, he was granted the bachelor degree of Ti Ren Ge to manage the affairs of the Department of household. He also served as the Minister of the administrative department, the Minister of supervision of roads and mines, etc. The next year (1901), he was appointed Minister of the Ministry of foreign affairs. After returning to Beijing, he was transferred to wenyuange and zhongwuyingdian. In June 1905 (the 31st year of Guangxu), he was on duty as a military plane. He died in 1908 (the 34th year of Guangxu) and was posthumously granted the title of Taibao.

His works include Xuannan memorials, Xiangfu memorials, and the application of funds for the proposed railway school in terms of train fare.

Historical records

He was born in Renhe, Zhejiang Province. Xianfeng two years Jinshi, Quanhu principal. He moved to Yunjing road in Anxiang, Hubei Province. Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang all recommended their talents. He promoted the envoys to Hunan Province. Tongzhi ten years, Department governor. Guizhou and Miao were in chaos, and Guidong was in the territory of bandits. Wen shaotiao went to Guizhou to help and defend the territory. Xi Baotian, a military officer, supervised Su Yuanchun, Gong Jichang and others to suppress the situation. He beheaded Zhang Xiumei and wuyapo, and the territory of Guizhou was flat. Shaowen's painting of the fortress in the Miao area was written in the Shang Dynasty. Eleven years, except the truth. In Ningyuan, the evil people advocated chaos, and in Leiyang, Zhu Hongying falsely claimed that the Ming people constituted the masses, and successively called on Taoist Chen Baozhen to appease them. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Xie Jin, the General Commander of the army, was sent to fight against Xinhua, Heng and yongtukou. In the sixth year of Fuxiang's reign, inner governance was called tranquility. He joined the Ministry of war and was a military officer. The drought in the year of meeting, the disaster in every province, and the order to punish oneself. Wen Shao was dismissed from office and remained in office. Remove the Minister of rites, and walk in the prime minister's office. Eight years later, the censor Hong liangpin and Deng Chengxiu impeached the Yunnan Quartermaster case. Wen Shao failed to observe the case and won the second rank. Begging for support and returning, ending with the death of his mother and returning to the front.

Fifteen years later, he was granted the title of governor Yun Gui. Wuding will be trapped by bandits to enrich the people and persuade them, and people will be afraid. Wen Shao's capture of the traitor depends on three days. No matter what, the town border Yi chaos, Xi Yi south road, Liu Chunlin road attack, three hundred Li. He moved to menglang, where he built Ting City, and raised brave people to settle down for cultivation. Lin'an Meng Ding returned to the stream and moved to his residence. The rest of the rebellion and the rebellion of the Tu nationality were not frequent, and they were all destroyed at any time.

At the beginning, after Britain and France merged with Burma and Vietnam, the defense of the southwest border became more and more complicated. Wen Shao appeased all the chieftains and ordered them to defend themselves. Japan and South Korea will start a quarrel, imperial edict into the city to consult the general plan. Since then, I was ordered to help Beiyang. Hongzhang went to Japan to discuss peace. Wen Shaoquan was the governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang. The agreement is made by peace, and the actual teaching is carried out. At that time, there were more than 400 battalions of the main and guest troops inside and outside the pass, and 30 battalions in Hunan, Huaihe and Henan. The rest of them were scattered, and the soldiers were in good condition. It is suggested to build the brigade fort, saying: "the old Lushun fort is close to the front of the defense, but after the defense is neglected, the enemy enters from Dalian Bay and loses his place; the old Dalian fort is dedicated to sea defense, but fails to land defense, and the enemy lands from Jinzhou, so it is unable to support. Today's reorganization of coastal defense will bridge the gap. " I would also like to invite the naval and military schools of Canada and Italy to reserve their generals and be skillful in military affairs. When the financial resources are a little sufficient, we will expand them. If he explored the three surnamed gold mines and Cizhou coal mines in Jilin Province, he would succeed in the second place after Hongzhang, and the construction of the Beijing Han railway was just in time. They also set up the Beiyang University, the railway school, the education center, and the Russian Language Center. In the 24th year, he joined Zan military plane and co sponsored the bachelor degree with the Secretary of the Ministry of household.

In the 26th year of the reign of Emperor Wen Shaoli, the boxers and bandits were enemies of religion. After the palace car was out, three days later, it began to catch up with Huailai. Since the invasion of Beijing by the Allied forces, the matter was urgent. The two palaces called for military planes, but Wen Shao was the only one who came to see it, and the edict would serve. To the establishment of the call, cry comfort, then with the retinue, from Jin into Qin, Jin benevolence court bachelor. Next year, the Minister of the Ministry of foreign affairs will be changed to reward the Yellow mandarin jacket. The minister in charge of the Ministry of foreign affairs gave orders to Beijing first to assist in handling the Sino Russian treaty. Return to the three provinces of the East and the railway outside the pass, and enjoy the beautiful scenery. He served as Minister of the administrative department and supervised the General Administration of roads and mines. Turn Wenyuan Pavilion, Jin Wuying hall. Thirty one years ago, no direct military aircraft was allowed. Next year, it will be called "disease begging rest".

Wen Shao had a long history of being an official in China and foreign countries. He practiced his official duties in detail and had a general understanding of them. However, he had a long history. He was more likely to avoid them and was often spoken. In the 34th year, Xiang Ju met again and gave the crown prince and his wife the protection. His winter, death, seventy-nine years, Jin gift Taibao, posthumous Wenqin.

Library house

Qing Dynasty book collector. The word is Kui stone. Zhejiang Renhe people. Xianfeng Jinshi. In 1871, he was the governor of Hunan Province. In 1889, he was promoted to governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, and made great achievements in suppressing peasant and minority uprisings for many times. He also transferred governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang. Cizhou coal mine was set up, and Beiyang University was set up. As the Secretary of the Ministry of household and the assistant scholar of the University, he joined the military aircraft office. At the end of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the Allied forces of the eight countries captured Beijing and fled West with Empress Dowager Cixi. They advocated compromise with the outside world and promoted them to the University of tirenge. Later, he served as the Minister of government affairs, the Minister of road and mining supervision, and transferred to the Bachelor of wenyuange and wuyingdian. Living in Qingyin lane of Hangzhou, the hospital has built a large-scale residence with a huge amount of money. There are leisure apartments such as "tuipu garden" and "hongbat Mountain House" in the hospital, and a library Pavilion "Qingyin Pavilion" is built, which collects more than ten thousand books of all kinds. The building site still exists today. There is Wang Wenshao's diary.

Chinese PinYin : Wang Wen Shao