Gu Qiyuan

Gu Qiyuan

Gu Qiyuan (1565-1628), a native of Jiangning (now Nanjing), was an official, Jinshi and calligrapher in Ming Dynasty. Taichu, a word for the beginning, concealing the beginning, the number of hermit garden. In the 26th year of Wanli, he was a Jinshi, an official to the left Shilang of the official department, and also a scholar in the Imperial Academy. He retreated, built a hermit garden, and wrote books behind closed doors. Seven times, the imperial court ordered him to be prime minister, all of them politely, and his posthumous title was Wenzhuang. His works include textual research on ancient Jinling, Hakka redundancy, Shuo Lue, etc.

(overview photo source: the portrait of Gu Qiyuan painted by Zeng Jing in Ming Dynasty)

Life of the characters

Gu Qiyuan, the 20th year of Wanli (1592), and he Dongru, Yu Yan and others formed a literary society in the village. In the 25th year of Wanli (1597), he won the 12th place in the local examination, the first person in the second year's joint examination, and the third person in the first year's palace examination. He was edited by the Imperial Academy. He was once on the book "praying for heaven and eternal life", criticizing the current situation, and wholeheartedly preparing, but it was not adopted. Wanli 38 years (1610) was promoted to Nanjing Guozijian industry, 43 years (1615) in June for Jijiu. Finally, the left Minister of the Ministry of official and the imperial scholar read a bachelor's degree. In his later years, he moved to Xinghua village and lived in seclusion. In his poem "Yongdun garden", he said: "you can rest, you can thank things, you can nourish your body.". Another poem "Yong Dun yuan" is entitled: "the land is not full of bows, but it is far from vulgar; there is no sound of chariots and horses, but there is a misty scene.". In his book Dun Yuan Ji, he said, "why is the garden famous for Dun? Why is the garden so famous for Dun? To escape from the garden of ambition is called to escape. It's not to wait for the garden to escape, but to escape is to speak. " Chongzhen first year (1628) died, buried in Jiangning Yuntai Mountain, chenwenzhuang.

Gu Qiyuan is an open man, not greedy for the vanity of officialdom. He is also meticulous in his attitude towards academic articles, reading extensively first, and then writing. According to the biography of Gu Wenzhuang in Yecheng of Qizhen, Gu Qiyuan is quiet and quiet, and he is not the same There is no city in my heart. He is a man of great learning, who has been successful in the past and in the present, who has been in charge of the past and who has been in charge of the past and who has been in charge of the past and who has been in charge of the past and who has been in charge of the past and who has been in charge of the past and who has been in charge of the past Although Gu Qiyuan had been an official for 30 years, he wrote many memorials to ask the imperial court to allow him to return to his hometown. However, even when he was in office, he still paid attention to writing. His famous anthology Shuo Lue, 30 volumes, had been basically completed during his term of office. It was only in the 33rd year of Wanli that Xie Jingzhi, on his way back home, encountered a big river burst its dike and was damaged by big waves on his boat. As a result, his manuscript Shuo Lue was lost. After he was dismissed and returned to his hometown, the imperial court issued seven imperial edicts to let him return to Beijing, but Gu Qiyuan, who was indifferent in nature, refused one by one. His friends once titled his residence "Qizhao Pavilion". Therefore, although he had been a naturalist for 30 years, he lived in seclusion most of the time. During the apocalypse, someone in Jiangning set up a memorial hall for Wei Zhongxian, the eunuch. The government "begged for words", but he didn't do it because of hand disease. The disciple asked for the letter again, but he refused.

Although he couldn't afford it, Gu was still concerned about state affairs and more diligent in writing. In 1613, he found a copy of Shuo Lue, which was revised into 30 volumes. In 1617, he wrote ten volumes of Hakka redundancy. Wanli 46 years (1618), and self-made "lazy real cottage collection", poetry 20 volumes, 30 volumes. In the 48th year of Wanli (1620), Gu compiled the catalogue of ancient gold and stone in Jinling. Tianqi three years (1623), the "Zha an directory" four volumes. In 1624, Shuo Lue was published in 60 volumes. At the same time, he has also written eight kinds of poems, such as Han Song Guan's sightseeing poems and GUI Hong Guan's miscellaneous works.

However, the world is unfair. Although he is erudite and versatile, his talent strategy has not been used in the world. Therefore, Gu Qiyuan wrote in the epitaph of Taishi in jiaodanyuan: "Mr. Guan Qi's official position is in jinmayutang, Mr. Tao's value is in the scholar's literary garden, Mr. Mingshan's great cause is in the gate of Mingshan, Mr. Fengjiao's religion is in Jiuzhou, and Mr. Huaishi's last wish is in Jiqiu." On the surface, it is to express feelings to mourn the noble conduct of our ancestors, but in fact, it is a portrayal of itself.

Literary achievements

Gu Qiyuan has many works, but he is good at prose. His prose pays attention to the diction and the creation experience of the parallel style of four or six, and its advantages and disadvantages are also formed, just as Huang Zongxi commented in "teaching and reading in the clear text": "erudition is based on Xu and Yu, so his prose is easy to use the arrangement, and the lower one is in the event type of Fu, the rhetorical fault, anti vulgar writing." Most of his poems can sigh about current events and express feelings. Some of them are rich in realistic content and can be used to criticize current events.

His works mainly include Gu's short history, textual research on ancient and modern Jinling pictures, Hakka redundancy, dunyuan manuscripts, Zhongyong waizhuan, Sishu private notes, Xuetang essays, etc. There are 10 volumes in the book, written in note style. There are many old stories about Nanjing dialect, clothing, household registration, corvee, characters and scholars' habits, especially the changes of social economy and customs during the Jiajing and Wanli periods. In addition, it also collects some stories and legends related to Nanjing. Later, many of the books written by Gan Xi and Chen zuolin came from Gu Qiyuan

Family background and family

Gu Qiyuan's ancestors lived in Kunshan. His eldest father, shaogu, was raised by Zhang Jia and later moved to Nanjing with him. It was not until the father's generation that the original surname was restored.

Gu Qiyuan's father was named Guofu, whose name was Weide, and his name was Yi'an. My mother is king.

Anecdotes and allusions

Gu Qiyuan has four brothers, one Jinshi, one guanguanglu, one Juren, and one officialdom. On New Year's day every year, after paying homage to our ancestors, the whole family get together, buy a pot of wine, sit in three or four rows on the table, drink wine instead of cheers, and all the other children are empty. Every time, Gu Qiyuan would say that he was going to take charge of Zhang's family. At this time, only when Guanglu Siqing's younger brother nodded his head and said yes, did other people dare not make a sound. This kind of typical scholar bureaucrat style family style was very rare even at that time.

Representative poems

[from title]

In the contest of the three, who is inferior and who is good;

It's the phase, it's the phase I don't see;

There are many conveniences in turning your eyes;

The great rivers return to the sea, and the flood furnace is tempered fiercely;

The appearance of the original, I can recommend.

[three mountains and Autumn Moon]

In the mountains, the moon is bright, the sky is blue and the autumn is cold.

Looking up the three mountains, the green river flows empty.

【

[untitled]

It is better to turn back when you meet a narrow road, and make a broad and peaceful crossing.

At the end of the day, things are temporary.

[seven call Pavilion in dunyuan]

Empress Bo did not do it. She came all her life to escape from the empty door and hurt Wei que;

After thousands of years, the Qing Dynasty was the same as huaishui and higher than Zhongshan.

Calligraphy works

The collection of Tiandu building in Jinling

Chinese PinYin : Gu Qi Yuan