Cao Zijian

Cao Zhi

Cao Zhi (1922-232, December 27), whose name is Zijian, was born in Qiaoxian County of peiguo (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province). He was the third son born to Cao Cao and empress Bian of Wuxuan. He was king Chen before he died, and his posthumous title was "Si", so he was also called King CHEN Si.

Cao Zhi is a famous litterateur in the Three Kingdoms period. As one of the representatives of Jian'an literature, he was regarded as a model of literature in the Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties. His representative works are Luo Shen Fu, Bai Ma Pian, Qi Ai Shi and so on. Because of his literary attainments, later generations called him "three CAOS" together with Cao Cao and Cao Pi. His poems are famous for their vigorous writing and gorgeous CI. There are thirty volumes of his poems, which have been lost. Today, the collection of Cao Zijian is compiled by the people of Song Dynasty. Cao Zhi's prose also has the characteristics of "emotion, elegance and resentment, style and quality", and his rich variety makes him achieve remarkable achievements in this field. Xie Lingyun, a litterateur of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty, commented that "only one stone can be found in the world, and Cao Zijian monopolizes the eight duels". Zhong Rong, a literary critic, also praised Cao Zhi for his "extraordinary spirit, colorful Ci, elegant feelings and resentment, literary quality, charm of the present and the past, outstanding." He was listed as the highest poet in the book of poetry. Wang Shizhen's comments on the two thousand years since the Han and Wei dynasties are called "immortal talents", including Cao Zhi, Li Bai and Su Shi.

Life of the characters

Young talent

Cao Zhi was born in 192, the third son of Cao Cao and Mrs. Bian (Mrs. Bian gave birth to four sons for Cao Cao: Pi, Zhang, Zhi and Xiong).

When Cao Zhi was more than ten years old, he could read the book of songs, the Analects of Confucius and Fu of the pre Qin and Han Dynasties. He is quick in thinking and sharp in talking. When he meets Cao Cao, he often answers questions and blurts out. Cao Cao once read the article written by Cao Zhi and asked him pleasantly, "did you ask someone to write for you?" Cao Zhi replied: "to speak is to talk, to write is to write. As long as you take a face-to-face exam, you will know. Why should someone do it for you?" In addition, he has a frank and natural temperament, does not pay attention to solemn appearance, chariot and horse clothing, and does not pursue gorgeous and rich, which naturally suits Cao Cao's taste. Gradually, Cao Cao began to transfer his love to Cao Zhi.

In August of 206, the 11th year of Jian'an, 15-year-old Cao Zhi arrived at Chunyu (today's northeast Anqiu) with his father Guancheng, a pirate.

In January 207, when he returned to Yecheng, he said that "facing the sea in the East" in his "self examination form" refers to this matter. In September, 16-year-old Cao Zhi went north to Liucheng (now Chaoyang, Liaoning Province) with his father. He said that "going out of Xuansai in the north" refers to this trip in his "self examination table." the white horse chapter is the portrayal of Cao Zhi's expedition with his father during this period.

In July, 208, the 13th year of Jian'an, Cao Zhi, 17, went south with his father to Liu Biao to Xinye, and then with his father and sun Quanzhan to Chibi. In 209, Cao Zhi returned to his hometown Bozhou for the first time.

The dispute over heirs

In the 15th year of Jian'an (210), the Tongque platform built by Cao Cao in Yecheng was completed, and a group of literati were called together to "ascend the stage for Fu", among which Cao Zhi was also one. Among all the people, Cao Zhi was the only one who put forward his pen and thought a little. He was the first to hand in his paper, which was called "Ode to the stage". From then on, Cao Cao placed high hopes on Cao Zhi, thinking that he was the most able to achieve great things.

In the autumn of the 16th year of Jian'an (211), Cao Zhi, who had just given a coronation, said goodbye to his life of banqueting, entertaining, reciting poems and writing Fu in Yecheng. He volunteered and went west with his father. All the way through mountains and rivers, day and night. When the western expedition army moved to Luoyang, the imperial capital, Cao Zhi was stunned by the scene before him: after being robbed by the war, the former prosperity of Luoyang City disappeared without a trace, and there were ruins and brambles everywhere. The Imperial Palace, once powerful, had become a ruin, buried among the weeds, and yellow leaves danced all over the city. Full of blood, Cao Zhi left Luoyang with the Western expeditionary army and continued to march westward. After more than a year's annexation war, the western region finally ended the chaotic situation and ushered in its stability and tranquility. Cao Zhi was soon appointed Marquis of Linzi.

During the period when Cao Zhi lived in Yecheng, there was one thing that was very important to Cao Zhi and affected his whole life, which was the dispute over the son of the world.

In the 19th year of Jian'an (214), Cao Cao made an eastern expedition to Sun Quan and ordered Cao Zhi to stay in Yecheng. He warned him: "I was 23 years old when I was the governor of dunqiu. I have no regret for what I did at that time. Now that you are 23 years old, how can you not work hard! " Since Cao Zhi was favored for his talent, Ding Yi, Ding Luo, Yang Xiu and others came to help him. Cao Cao hesitated a little and almost made Cao Zhi Prince several times. However, Cao Zhiwen was so popular and talented that he often acted willfully, didn't pay attention to decoration and restraint himself, drank wine without restraint, and made a few things that disappointed Cao Cao.

Especially in the 22nd year of Jian'an (217), when Cao Cao was away, he opened the gate of the Royal Palace, Sima gate, and galloped on the forbidden road where only emperors could walk. He had long forgotten Cao Cao's decrees. Cao Cao was so angry that he executed the bus order in charge of the Royal chariots. Since then, Cao Zhi has gradually lost the trust and favor of Cao Cao. In October, Cao Cao called Cao Pi to be his son. From then on, Cao Zhi bid farewell to the high spirited stage of life and fell into the depression and deep sorrow.

In 219, Cao Ren was besieged by Guan Yu. Cao Cao asked Cao Zhi to be the general of nanzhonglang, and led the army to rescue Cao Ren. After the order was issued, Cao Zhi was so drunk that he couldn't take orders, so Cao Cao regretted and didn't reuse him any more.

Feelings of Luoshui

In the first month of the 25th year of Jian'an (220), Cao Cao died of illness in Luoyang, and Cao Pi succeeded to the throne. Cao Zhi was 29 years old at that time. He wrote "Shangqing Emperor Wen's acceptance of Zen" and "on Wei De". In the same year, Cao Pi became emperor. When Cao Zhi and Su heard that Cao Pi abandoned the Han Dynasty and supported himself, they put on mourning clothes and wept for the Han Dynasty. Cao Pi said angrily, "I obeyed my destiny and became emperor, but I heard that someone was crying. Why?" Since then, strict precautions have been taken. Later, due to the pressure of his mother Bian, Cao Pi had to remove Cao Zhi several times. Cao Zhi's life changed from then on. He became the object of restriction and attack from a noble prince who lived a happy life.

In 221, 30-year-old Cao Zhi was transferred to be Marquis of Anxiang (now Marquis city of Jinzhou, Hebei Province), with 800 families. In July of that year, he was re granted Marquis of juancheng (now juancheng County, Shandong Province), which was the year's work "yellow sparrow in yetian". This change became an important turning point in Cao Zhi's life.

In April of 222, the third year of Huangchu, Cao Zhi, 31 years old, was granted the title of king of juancheng, with 2500 households. On his way back to juancheng, he wrote the famous Ode to Luoshen. In Luo Shen Fu, the poet describes a beautiful and sentimental goddess, taking her as a symbol of her beautiful ideal, which expresses her admiration and love for the beautiful ideal; he also makes up a story of courting Luo Shen, which symbolizes her constant and ardent pursuit of the beautiful ideal; finally, through the description of the failure of love, he expresses his pursuit of the ideal In the end.

Worry about life

In 223, Cao Zhi, 32, was granted the title of King yongqiu. In the sixth year of Huangchu (225 A.D.), Cao Pi returned from the South expedition and passed by yongqiu. He met Cao Zhi and increased his household by 500.

In 226, Cao Pi died of illness and Cao Rui succeeded to the throne. Cao Zhi was eager to show his talent. He wrote to Cao Rui many times to ask for political appointment. His heart can move people with a hard heart. However, Cao Rui, who is too calm and rational, is as calm as ever and does not have a small voice. He only gives praise to Cao Zhi's various confessions and demands. Cao Rui still took strict precautions against and restricted him, and his situation did not fundamentally improve. In the 12 years of Wen and Ming II, Cao Zhi was granted many times, and the last one was Chenjun.

In the third year of Taihe (229), Cao Zhiyi, 38, was granted the title of Dong'e, during which he devoted himself to writing and studying Confucian classics.

In the sixth year of Taihe (232), Cao Zhi was renamed King Chen. In November, Cao Zhi died of illness in melancholy. At the age of 41, according to his last wish, he buried him in the fish mountain of dong'e. Later generations called it "Chen Wang" or "Chen Siwang".

political thought

The three CAOS attached great importance to recruiting hermits, trying to gather all the hermits scattered among the people. On the one hand, the three CAOS criticized the absurdity of the hermits' belief, and made them withdraw from the mountains and join the world. On the other hand, he praises his sentiment and regards hermits as fellow men, aiming to recruit hermits and seek talents, so that people can join the world to govern the country and assist the monarch to help the world. Cao Pi asked: "what is the beginning of my life?" Then, with the material enjoyment of China's accession to the WTO, the hermits were induced to go out of the mountain and make contributions to it. This poem was influenced by Cao Zhi's "Qi Qi Qi" in persuading hermits to go out of the mountain and make contributions. On the one hand, it shows that the three CAOS want to make a difference, on the other hand, it also shows that there are a large number of hermits who are not used by the imperial court.

In Cao Zhi's seven apocalypses, one "mirror machine" is used to discuss the beauty of seven aspects of diet, ornament, hunting, palace, voice and color, friends and kingcraft. The main purpose of this Fu is to recruit hermits to seek talents and assist the emperor to help the world. It was written about after the promulgation of the order of seeking talents in the 15th year of Jian'an (210). Let the text have "today under no have been Brown Huaiyu and fishing in Weibin?" Based on this, the author expresses his views. It imitates the Dafu system of Meicheng's Qifa in the Han Dynasty, and assumes that jingjizi and Yin are the two

Chinese PinYin : Cao Zi Jian