Jiang Yiwu

Jiang Yiwu

Jiang Yiwu (1884-1913), Han nationality, was born in Lizhou, Hunan Province. The original name of Baoxiang, also known as Baoxiang, is bokui. On the eve of the revolution of 1911, he was the president of Wuhan literature society, and hosted Dajiang newspaper and other newspapers. In 1913, when Jiang Yiwu was fighting against Yuan Shikai in Guangxi, he was arrested and killed by Guangxi warlords who were pro yuan. Jiang Yiwu was an outstanding democratic revolutionary activist in modern China, the main organizer and leader of the Wuchang Uprising of the 1911 Revolution, and was praised by Sun Yat Sen as the "founding father" of the Republic of China.

Life of the characters

Youth

Jiang Yiwu, named Baoqin, was born on December 21, 1884 (the fifth day of the winter in the 10th year of Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty) in a civilian family in Lizhou (now Lixian County). When his father Jiang Gaonan was young, he went to a small oil mill in dinggongqiao city to learn how to make bean oil skin. The old shopkeeper had no children. After his death, Jiang Gaonan accepted their meager business. Jiang Yiwu is the eldest son. To cultivate him, his father spared no expense and sent him to a private school. His four younger brothers went out as apprentices one after another. In 1890 (the 15th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), at the age of 6, Jiang Yiwu studied in Lilan bookstore and began to study under Zhou Xuansheng and Yan Kaijia. In 1898 (the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), at the age of 14, he was transferred to meixiqiao private school in Anfu (now linli County) with fellow students Yang Zaixiong and Huang Zhenyuan. He studied with Jiang zuolin and began to get in touch with and publicize the current affairs and politics of the reform. Due to the failure of the reform movement of 1898, the examination of Changsha current affairs school failed. In 1900 (the 26th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), he continued to study at Meixi bridge. Fellow student Yang Zaixiong participated in the "Jin Zi camp" of Hunan army. In 1902 (the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), when the last imperial examination was held in the Qing Dynasty, Jiang Niantang, the elder brother of the clan, was selected as a scholar. Jiang Yiwu, unwilling to participate in the examination, scornfully revealed: "what's the use of the slave's fame?" It's easy to spit out the racist ideas of anti Qing Dynasty and anti Manchuria.

Join in anti Qing Dynasty

In 1903, he entered Lizhou Primary School of higher learning (now Lixian No. At this time, the revolutionary trend of thought had become popular in Northwest Hunan. Jiang Yiwu read the ten Diaries of Yangzhou, the story of Jiading slaughtering the city, the soul of the Yellow Emperor and other books banned by the Qing government, and accepted bourgeois nationalism and democratic thought. Once, an official of the Qing Dynasty came to the school to lecture, telling students not to learn from Hong and Yang (Hong Xiuquan and Yang Xiuqing), but to learn from Zeng Zuo (Zeng Guofan and Zuo Zongtang). Jiang Yiwu stood up in public and retorted: "Hong Yang, national hero; Zeng Zuo, national sinner! Is there anyone who follows the example of a sinner and rebukes a meritorious official His words, so that the Qing Dynasty officials tongue tied, but won the respect of students. In the autumn of 1904, Huaxing society and Wuchang science tutorial center were preparing to launch an uprising. Jiang Yiwu assisted Song Jiaoren to gather revolutionary forces to respond to the Changsha uprising. However, the uprising was not secret, and the Qing government searched for revolutionaries wantonly, so Jiang Yiwu was expelled from school and had to avoid his hometown. In the winter of 1905, Jiang Yiwu came to Shanghai to study in Japan. Because the Japanese government discriminated against Chinese students, many of them returned home, so he had to stay in Shanghai. The next spring, some returned students set up a Chinese public school in Wusong, where he entered. There are many revolutionaries in China's public schools. Jiang Yiwu has frequent contacts with them, and his revolutionary thoughts are more mature. He and his classmates organized the competition society, and Liu Fuji introduced him to join the China Alliance. On October 28, he and Yang Zhuolin founded "Jingye Xunbao" to publicize the revolution in vernacular. In the spring of 1907, Jingye Xunbao was forced to stop publication and returned to its hometown. In the spring of 1909, he and Liu Fuji went to Shanghai again.

Join the new army

In the autumn of 1909, Liu Fuji went to Hankou to help Zhan Dabei take over the business newspaper, and Jiang Yiwu followed Liu to Hankou as business newspaper. The revolutionary activities in Hankou were very active. Many revolutionaries were lurking in the new army, forming groups and accumulating strength, which made many officers and soldiers accept the revolutionary ideas. When Jiang Yiwu arrived in Hankou, there was a revolutionary group in the new army called Qunzhi society. In order to join this organization, Jiang Yiwu, Liu Fuji and Zhan Dabei went to Western Hubei as interviewers (reporters). Because the 41st bid, where Yang wangpeng and others were in charge of the society, was stationed there. They met Cai Dafu, a member of the society in Qianjiang. Cai wrote to introduce them to Wuchang to stay Li Liuru, the person in charge of the company. Passing through Tianmen, Jiang Yiwu decided to join the army in order to instigate the new army. After being introduced, he joined the left team of the 41st bid of the 21st mixed formation Association. Before long, the activities of Qunzhi society suffered setbacks. In September 1910, it was reorganized into Zhenwu society and Yang wangpeng was promoted as its president. However, Zhenwu society was not allowed by the Qing government, and Yang wangpeng and Li Liuru were forced to leave. Then, on January 30, 1911, Zhenwu society changed its name to "Literature Society" to cover revolutionary activities under the name of "uniting comrades to study literature". On March 15, 1911, the literary society held a formal inaugural meeting with the literary house in Xiaodongmen of Wuchang. Jiang Yiwu was elected president, Wang Xianzhang as vice president, and Liu Fuji as chief of staff. after the establishment of the literary society, it actively expanded its organization, carried out activities, and actively developed its members in the new army. Soon, members and organizations of the literary society were established in all the standard battalions of the new army. At that time, the new army in Wuhan had a town and a mixed Association, with a total of 15000 soldiers, and more than one fifth of them were members of the literary society.

Wuchang Uprising

On September 24, 1911, the leading cadres of the literary society and another revolutionary group in Hubei held a joint meeting in yanzhixiang, Wuchang. Liu Gong, the leader of the association, was elected as the Prime Minister of the military government, Jiang Yiwu as the interim commander-in-chief of the revolutionary army, and Sun Wu, the other leader of the association, as the chief of staff. On October 9, the Hankou government department was wrecked. The list of Party members and seal letters were checked. The uprising plan was exposed and the situation was very critical. That day, Jiang Yiwu just rushed back to Wuchang and decided to revolt that night. At this time, the army and police went out to search for the party members, the general headquarters of the uprising was cracked, Liu Fuji and Peng Chufan were arrested, and Jiang Yiwu fled and hid in Xingou (now Jianli) to wait. On the 10th, Wuchang Uprising and the whole city recovered. On the 12th, Jiang Yiwu rushed back to Wuchang, served as military adviser and liaison envoy of Hubei military government, and ran between Wuchang and Hankou. It is proposed to expand the army and set up two volunteers to defend Hankou and Hanyang. Later, he was appointed Vice Minister of military affairs of Hubei military government. On November 27, when Hanyang was lost and Huang Xing left the Han Dynasty, Jiang Yiwu was promoted to be the commander in chief of the wartime general headquarters, and later took over as the commander in chief of nursing. On December 6, 1911, because of the armistice between the Qing government and the revolutionary army, Jiang resigned to the commander-in-chief and still stationed in Hankou in the name of appeasing envoys.

Against dictatorship

After February 1912, Yuan Shikai stole the post of interim president of the Republic of China. In June, Yuan Shikai telegraphed Jiang Yiwu to Beijing as a senior military adviser to the provisional presidential palace. Before he left, Jiang Yiwu held the last general meeting of members of the literary society. At the meeting, he unanimously decided to join the Chinese League, a revolutionary party. Jiang Yiwu had a casual job in Beijing. He took a non cooperative attitude towards Yuan Shikai. Yuan Shikai awarded him two honorary titles, as well as the rank of lieutenant general and general in the army. Sun Yat Sen presided over the founding meeting of the Kuomintang in Huguang guild hall. He attended and was elected as a counsellor together with Yan Xishan, Zhang Ji and Li Liejun. He also served as the Minister of the Ministry of communications of Hankou and was responsible for the party affairs of the two lakes and the three provinces of Shaanxi. In October, he returned to Hubei and set up all levels of institutions of Hankou Ministry of communications. He was in favor of Song Jiaoren's political ideas, which could limit Yuan Shikai's power and avoid the emergence of dictatorship. In December, he hosted the people's heart newspaper, which was against the Republic of China communique. In February 1913, at the order of Song Jiaoren, Jiang Yiwu also went to Shanghai and Wuhan to lobby for people's support for the Kuomintang. Visit the ports of the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and discuss with the newly elected members on the plan of building a nation. On March 20, Song Jiaoren was stabbed to death by Yuan Shikai in Shanghai. Jiang Yiwu felt that the Parliament and the party cabinet could not prevent Yuan Shikai's dictatorship. He rushed back to Hubei from Shanghai, supported Sun Yat Sen's idea of fighting yuan by force, and went back to Hunan. In July, the Kuomintang launched a second revolution. On July 25, Hunan declared its independence, and Jiang Yiwu was appointed as the envoys of Hubei and Henan. He was sent to Yueyang to deploy troops to capture Jingxiang, smash Wuhan and visit Henan. Although Tan Yankai, the governor of Hunan Province, joined the Kuomintang, he did not really oppose yuan; although he declared independence, he did not make active military preparations. After the defeat of Yuan's army in Jiangsu, Jiangxi and other places, Yuan Shikai was wanted on August 6, and Hunan announced the abolition of independence on August 12. When Jiang Yiwu returned to Changsha, he had to flee Hunan with other revolutionaries. Other people went east along the Yangtze River by boat through Hankou. Jiang Yiwu thought Hankou was too dangerous. There were too many people who knew him there, so he decided to change his way to Guangxi for Hong Kong.

Arrested and killed

On August 29, 1913, he traveled southward to tangjiachong, Xing'an County of Quanzhou, Guangxi Province. He was captured by Qin Buqu, the commander of the garrison, and escorted from Quanzhou to Guilin. Qin cabled Lu Rongting, the governor of Guangxi, and Lu called Yuan Shikai and Li Yuanhong to urge yuan to kill Jiang as soon as possible. On September 1, Yiwu was taken to Guilin. In prison, Yiwu recounted Yuan Shikai's crimes and wrote thousands of letters, first to Huang Zhenyuan and then to his wife. At 4:00 on September 9, Yi Wu was escorted to the execution ground outside the gate of Lize. Wearing silk clothes and trousers, he spoke to the onlookers and sat on the red carpet

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