Li Jie
Li Jie
Li Jie (1035-1110), a famous architect in the Northern Song Dynasty, was born in Guanzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan Province. He presided over the construction of large-scale buildings such as Kaifeng Fu, Taimiao and qinci empress dowager Buddhist temple.
Li Jie wrote a book to record the construction norms of ancient Chinese architecture
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Create a French style
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It was first compiled between Xining of the Northern Song Dynasty (1068-1077) and completed in the sixth year of Yuanyou (1091). In the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097), Li Jie was rebuilt by imperial edict. In the third year of Yuanfu (1100), it was revised and published in the second year of Chongning (1103).
He once served as governor of Guozhou and made great achievements in local government. In 1110 (February of the fourth year of Daguan), he died at the age of 76 and was buried in Meishan, Xinzheng.
Personage introduction
Li Jie was an official with a bright future. His elder brother was a Bachelor of LongTuge. Li Jie grew up in such a family. He was influenced by his family since childhood and was eager to learn and have many talents. He is good at calligraphy and painting. He has tens of thousands of books and dozens of manuscripts. Once the official tongzhilang, Ren will be the prison.
In the third year of Yuanfu period, Li Jie wrote the book "building a French style", which is an epoch-making work in the history of architecture. Li Jie also presided over the construction of a series of famous buildings, such as Wuhou palace in 1099, Biyong palace in 1102, Longde palace, Dihua room, ZhuQueMen, Jiucheng hall, Kaifeng yamen, Mingtang and so on. Daguan died of illness in the fourth year of his tenure as governor of Guozhou.
Since 1092, Li Jie has been engaged in the construction of the imperial court. He has served as the chief inspector, the chief inspector, the chief inspector, the junior inspector, and the general inspector. To supervise the repair of palaces, city walls, bridges and boats. During his term of office, he successively presided over more than ten major projects, such as wuwangdi, Biyong, Shangshusheng, Longde palace, dihuazhai, ZhuQueMen, jinglongmen, jiuchengdian, Kaifeng Fu, Taimiao, qinci empress dowager Buddhist temple, etc.
His great grandfather Li Weiyin, grandfather Li dunyu, father Li Nangong and brother Li Chen were all worshipped in the imperial court.
In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085 AD), Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Li Jie was appointed as the official suburb she zhailang, and later as the county captain of Caozhou Jiyin (now Heze County, Shandong Province). In 1092, he began to serve as the general supervisor (the organization in charge of Civil Engineering) for 13 years. He successively served as the chief supervisor, the chief supervisor, the junior supervisor and the general supervisor. He presided over the construction of large buildings, such as Longde palace, Dihua house, ZhuQueMen, jinglongmen, jiuchengdian, Kaifeng Fu and Taimiao. In his life, Li Jie was not only a general supervisor, but also a governor of Guozhou for a time.
Li Jie is a well-known man. He has also written many works, such as xushanhaijing, pipalu, xutongxing list, Ma Jing, Liubo, guzhuanshuowen, etc. His paintings and calligraphy are highly praised by song Huizong.
Li Jie is a buried scientist. There is no biography for him in the history of Song Dynasty, and there is no biography for him in the annals of Zhengzhou and the annals of Zheng county in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the history of the Song Dynasty, his father was regarded as a man of "repeated deceitfulness, no special practice, and no one who knew it was wrong". As for his brother, "people thought him mean at that time.".
work
Li Jie had many works in his life, but all of them have been lost. Only his book "Zao Zao FA Shi", which was compiled in 1097, was preserved.
Jianzao fashi is one of the most perfect works of civil engineering in ancient China. Jianzao fashi was completed in the third year of Yuanfu (1100) and the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097) of the Northern Song Dynasty. It was ordered to re compile Jianzao fashi (Yuanyou fashi), which was completed in the sixth year of Yuanyou (1091), the third year of Yuanfu (1100) and promulgated in the second year of Chongning (1103). It was published in the second year of Chongning (1103) and reprinted in the 15th year of Shaoxing (1145).
There are 34 volumes in the book, which are divided into five parts: explanation name, system, function limit, material example and pattern. It became the standard of official architecture at that time. In addition to Zao Zao FA Shi, he also wrote ten volumes of Xushan Hai Jing, two volumes of Xutong Ming Lu, three volumes of Pipa Lu, three volumes of Ma Jing, three volumes of Liu Bo Jing and ten volumes of ancient Zhuan Shuo Wen. Among them, the first and second volumes are the textual research on the terms of civil architecture and the calculation method of quota; the third to the fifteenth volumes are the systems of thirteen types of work, including haozhai, shizuo, Dawu, Xiaomu, Diaoyou, xuanzuo, sawn, bamboo, tile, clay, painted painting, brick, kiln, etc., explaining the material selection, processing methods of each type of work and the relationship and location of each component; Volumes 16 to 25 stipulate the labor quota for each type of work; volumes 26 to 28 stipulate the material quota for each type of work; volumes 29 to 34 are drawings. Throughout the book, the outline is clear and well organized.
The craftsman's practice in the past reflects the practice of the ancient Chinese architects. It is of great significance to the study of the development of civil engineering and science and technology in ancient China.
According to the content, it can be divided into five parts: famous examples (Volume 1 and Volume 2), system (Volume 3 to Volume 15), merit limitation (Volume 16 to volume 25), material examples (Volume 26 to volume 28) and patterns (Volume 29 to Volume 34). Among them, the construction method uses a large amount of space (13 volumes) to list various engineering systems, including 13 kinds of standards and basic operation essentials of 176 projects, including haozhai, shizuo, Dawu, Xiaomu, Diaoyou, xuanzuo, sawn, bamboo, tile, clay, color painting, brick and kiln, which is similar to the standard practice of modern construction engineering. This part prominently reflects the talent of ancient Chinese construction workers and the superb skill level of ancient Chinese architecture.
In particular, the book puts forward a set of modular design methods for wood frame buildings. According to the construction law, the design and construction of houses should be based on "materials". "Material" has eight grades, which can be selected according to the type and scale of the house.
Ancient Chinese technical books have many characters and few patterns. The content of "zaozao FA Shi" is not only very rich, but also has very precious architectural drawings, which creates a new style with both pictures and text. There are six volumes of drawings. All kinds of wooden components, roof trusses, carvings, color paintings and decoration have detailed drawings. These designs are delicate, vivid and colorful. There are not only engineering drawings, but also color painting drafts, both sectional drawings and general drawings, which fully reflect the high level of Engineering Cartography and art craft in ancient China. These patterns can not only help people understand the content of words more clearly, but also make people see the architectural art style at that time.
In a word, it has a high scientific value. It plays a connecting role in the history of ancient Chinese architecture and has a profound impact on the development of Architectural Technology in later generations. In Yuan Dynasty, the regulations on the construction of city in water conservancy engineering technology are almost the same as those in the construction law. The Ming Dynasty's "construction method" and the Qing Dynasty's "code of engineering practice of the Ministry of work" also absorbed a lot of content.
"Jianzao fashi" is a valuable material for studying ancient Chinese architecture, and many of its experiences and knowledge have important reference value. Because of this, it is highly valued by the architectural circles at home and abroad. As the editor of Zao Zao FA Shi, Li Jie has also been widely praised.
Li Jie is a learned and versatile man. He is good at calligraphy, painting and writing. In addition to zaozao FA Shi, he also wrote ten volumes of Xushan Hai Jing, two volumes of Xutong surname list, three volumes of Pipa Lu, three volumes of Ma Jing, three volumes of Liubo Jing and ten volumes of guzhuan Shuowen. In calligraphy, Zhuan, Zhen, Cao and Li are omnipotent. It is said that thousands of the tens of thousands of books in his family's collection were hand copied by him. His paintings are quite well-known painters in ancient times. He once painted the painting of five horses and submitted it to Huizong of Song Dynasty. Unfortunately, all these have been lost. There is only one kind of "creating French style" handed down.
Cultural influence
Li Jie is not only an architect, but also an artist and scholar. He compiled "building French style" is an encyclopedia of building science and technology, which has a far-reaching impact on the later architectural technology and architecture. At the same time, he has extensive research in geography, history, writing, music and so on. Li Jie has written 10 volumes of xushanhaijing, 2 volumes of xutongxing list, 3 volumes of Ma Jing, 10 volumes of guzhuanshuowen, 3 volumes of Pipa Jing and 3 volumes of Liubo Jing. He is also good at drawing horses.
In 1110, Li Jie died of illness when he was the governor of Guozhou and was buried in Guancheng, Zhengzhou (now yuzhai village, Longhu town). Li Jie's tomb, originally 2 meters high and 40 meters long, was razed to the ground when the land was leveled in 1960.
The year 2003 marks the 900th anniversary of the promulgation of Li Jie's "Jianzao fashi". The State Administration of cultural relics, the Chinese society of ancient architecture and the Chinese society of cultural relics held a forum on the 900th anniversary of the promulgation of "Jianzao fashi" and a foundation laying ceremony for the renovation of Li Jie's original tomb in Xinzheng City on August 9. After that, Li Jie's tomb was sealed, steles were erected, and stele pavilions were built.
Current situation of cemeteries
Li Jie's tomb is located in the west of yuzhai village at the foot of Meishan in Longhu Town, Xinzheng City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. According to the records of Zheng county annals, Li Jie, a city governor of Zhengzhou, died in February (1110 A.D.) in the fourth year of Daguan in the Northern Song Dynasty and was buried in Meishan, Xinzheng. In the Song Dynasty, there were large earth tombs on the Li Jie cemetery, and then the Li Jie family were buried in the tomb area, forming the Li Jie tombs. Later generations gradually abandoned, and the earth grave was constantly damaged by people and nature. When the cultural relic survey was carried out in 1961, the tomb of Li Jie was only 3 meters high, and the rest had been razed to the ground, surrounded by farmland.
Li Jie
Chinese PinYin : Li Jie
Li Jie
