Zhu Qiyu
Zhu Qiyu, Emperor Jing of the Ming Dynasty (September 11, 1428 - March 23, 1457), male, Han nationality, was the second son of Zhu Zhanji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty, the second brother of Zhu Qizhen, Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty, and his mother, Wu Xianfei. The seventh emperor of Ming Dynasty (1449-1457) was named Jingtai (1450-1457).
Zhu Qiyu was born in 1428, the third year of Xuande. After his elder brother Yingzong ascended the throne, he was granted the title of King Ying. In the 14th year of Zhengtong (1449), there was a change of civil fort. Zhuqi Town, Yingzong of Ming Dynasty, was defeated and captured by Wala. In order to avoid doubts, Yu Qian, Wang Zhi and other ministers played the role of Empress Dowager of the Ming Dynasty, established Zhu Qiyu, king of Ying, as emperor, respected emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty as supreme emperor, and changed to Jingtai the next year.
During his reign, Yu Qian and others won the battle of defending Beijing, repelled the invasion of Wala, rectified and reformed the political, economic and military aspects, and promoted the politics of Ming Dynasty from chaos to rule, and gradually developed into prosperity. After returning to China, Emperor Yingzong of Ming Dynasty was imprisoned in Nangong, and his son Zhu Jianji was made Prince.
In the first month of the eighth year of Jingtai (1457), the change of seizing the gate broke out. Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty restored it and put it under house arrest in Xiyuan, and changed it to Tianshun. In February, Emperor Yingzong of Ming Dynasty abolished him as king of Ying. Soon after, Zhu Qiyu died at the age of 29. The posthumous title given by Emperor Yingzong of Ming Dynasty is Li. He was buried in the west mountain of Beijing according to the prince's ceremony. After emperor Xianzong ascended the throne of the Ming Dynasty, he restored the position of Emperor Zhu Qiyu and was named emperor Gongren kangdingjing. It is known as emperor Jing of Ming Dynasty and Emperor Jingtai in history. During the Southern Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yousong, the emperor of Ming'an, had a posthumous title, which was not recognized by the Qing government.
Zhu Qiyu was the first emperor not buried in the Ming Tombs after the Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing.
Life experience
Early experience
Zhu Qiyu's mother, the Wu family, was originally the maid of Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty when she was the emperor's grandson. In 1428, Zhu Qiyu was born and became a virtuous concubine.
Xuanzong died in the first month of the tenth year of Xuande (1435). In February, Zhu Qiyu was granted the title of King Ying. In April of the second year of orthodoxy, the crown ceremony was held.
Ascend to the throne in the face of danger
See also: the change of Tu Tu Bao and the Wumen massacre in Ming Dynasty
In the 14th year of Zhengtong (1449), Zhu Qiyu's elder brother, Ming Yingzong, personally led the imperial expedition and left him as the governor. As a result, the change of civil Fort broke out, Ming Yingzong was captured, and Wala was aggressive. For a moment, the government and the opposition were shocked, and people in the capital were in danger. Even some rich families were ready to transfer their property, and some ministers had to send their children to Nanjing.
In the face of the crisis, there were disputes over whether to "fight" or "move" in the Daming Dynasty. On August 18, 1449, Empress Dowager sun suppressed the battle, and Zhu Qiyu, the governor, presided over a meeting before the imperial court to discuss countermeasures. First of all, according to the changes of the celestial phenomena, Xu Yu, the imperial academy assistant, first proposed to move the capital to Nanjing in order to avoid swordsmen. " The proposal of "moving to the South" won the support of some ministers. Yu Qian immediately denied the proposal, believing that imperial tombs, ancestral temples, and state were all in Beijing and could not be moved easily, and that taking the Northern Song Dynasty as a lesson, he accused the southward migration of the state of subjugation.
During the orthodox period, Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty favored eunuch Wang Zhen, and any minister who was unfavorable to Wang Zhen was either demoted or demoted. Now that the emperor was captured and Wang Zhen was killed, many ministers even knelt outside the Meridian Gate and asked Zhu Qiyu to punish Wang Zhenyu. At this time, Wang Zhen's best friend, the royal guards commander Ma Shun, came out to stop him. He was killed by the angry officials and killed Wang Zhen with his party. Wang Shan, Wang Zhen's nephew, was also killed in court, which is known as the Wumen massacre. Zhu Qiyu is afraid of going back to the palace. Yu Qian holds his sleeve and says that Wang Zhen should be punished for his crimes and Ma Shun should be punished for his crimes. Therefore, Zhu Qiyu ordered Ma Shun and other officials to be innocent.
On August 28, 1449, Wang Wen wrote a letter to Zhu Qiyu, hoping that he would take the country as his priority and inherit the great rule. At that time, the crown prince Zhu Jianshen was only two years old. In order to avoid doubts, Yu Qian, Wang Zhi and other ministers jointly played the role of Empress Dowager of the Ming Dynasty. Finally, in September of the 14th year of Zhengtong (1449), Zhu Qiyu was appointed emperor, and Jingtai was changed to Yuan Dynasty, and Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty was honored as emperor. At the same time, a large-scale liquidation operation was launched, and many Wang Zhen party members fell one after another.
After Zhu Qiyu ascended the throne, he also issued an imperial edict that the frontier guards should not listen to Wala's excuse, which made Wala's intention to swindle property in the name of Ming Yingzong and failed to open and close the door. In a rage, Wala sent troops to attack Beijing. Zhu Qiyu appointed Yu Qian and others to organize the Beijing defense war, clean up the interior, mobilize heavy troops, and calm people's hearts. Finally, in November of the same year, he defeated Wala and won the Beijing defense war.
Yingzong's return to the Dynasty
When he suddenly ascended the throne and was in power, Zhu Qiyu was not willing to let go. After the Beijing defense war, the Ming army defeated Wala many times. The warra leader also saw that he could not get any good, so he wanted to release Ming Yingzong and seek peace. He wanted to let go, but Zhu Qiyu didn't want to take it. The minister suggested that Zhu Qiyu welcome back to Yingzong of Ming Dynasty. He was displeased and said that I didn't want to be the emperor, but you forced me to be the emperor. At this time, Yu Qian said that the throne has been decided and will not be changed, so he should be brought back as soon as possible. Zhu Qiyu saw that the most effective ministers said so, so he had to say: "listen to you, listen to you." Li Shi and Yang Shan were sent to Wala successively. Yang Shan, the envoy sent to Wala, took the opportunity to welcome the emperor back and cooked the rice. Zhu Qiyu had to accept this fact. But even so, Zhu Qiyu also reduced the etiquette of greeting. After Ming Yingzong arrived in Beijing, he entered the city from Andingmen. After that, Zhu Qiyu went to Dong'an gate to greet him. The emperor Yingzong of Ming Dynasty said goodbye to him. He held hands with each other and refused for a long time.
After welcoming Ming Yingzong back to Beijing, Zhu Qiyu immediately put his brother under house arrest in Nangong. One lock is seven years.
After the return of Ming Yingzong, although he was the emperor, he was put under house arrest in Nangong. From the heart, Zhu Qiyu did not want Ming Yingzong to return to the court. In order to prevent Ming Yingzong from contacting with his old ministers, he took strict precautions against his every move. Zhu Qiyu accepted the advice of Gaoping, the eunuch, and cut down all the trees in Nangong to prevent anyone from crossing the high wall to contact Ming Yingzong.
Easy storage storm
With the gradual consolidation of the throne, Zhu Qiyu was not satisfied. He not only wanted to be the Emperor himself, but also hoped that his son Zhu Jianji would replace Zhu Jianshen, the prince of Ming Yingzong, as the legitimate successor to the throne, so he bribed his courtiers.
At the time of civil engineering change, Empress Dowager sun first established Zhu Jianshen, the son of Ming Yingzong, as the prince, and then Zhu Qiyu as the emperor. Empress Dowager sun's intention is very clear: the great Ming Dynasty is still the reign of emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty, and Zhu Qiyu is just acting in power. Since the crown prince was established by the empress dowager, Zhu Qiyu had to be cautious. He first explored the highly qualified eunuch Jin Ying, saying that "the second day of July is the birthday of the crown prince of Donggong.". Jin Ying immediately replied, "Donggong's birthday is on the second day of November." The former is Zhu Jianji's birthday, while the latter is Zhu Jianshen's birthday.
The preliminary trial did not achieve the desired effect. Therefore, Zhu Qiyu was very patient for a period of time. However, he continued to test and even bribe the courtiers, hoping that they would take their own side in the reconstruction of the crown prince. Finally in exchange for the eunuch and courtier's acquiescence. They turned a blind eye, but Zhu Jianji was not the son of Queen Wang, so she did not agree with her husband. She argued fiercely, then was abandoned queen, put in the cold palace. In this way, in 1452, Zhu Qiyu abandoned his nephew Zhu Jianshen's crown prince and established his own son Zhu Jianji. But the next year, Zhu Jianji died. Zhu Qiyu also suffered a heavy blow in spirit.
The Ming Dynasty believed in orthodoxy and believed that the throne should belong to the British clan. Zhong Tong, the Guizhou Taoist censor, once said: "the death of the prince is a good knowledge of the destiny." At the same time, it also tells us all the malpractices. Qi Yu was killed in prison.
The change of seizing the door
Zhu Qiyu was in his prime of life, and the issue of his offspring was not prominent at this time. However, at the beginning of the first month of the eighth year of Jingtai (1457), he suddenly fell seriously ill, and the crown prince's problem was put on the table again. There was a lot of discussion among the officials, but for a moment, it was not settled. On the 16th, news came from the palace that Zhu Qiyu was in good health. So the ministers prepared to discuss the crown prince the next day. This night, however, the change of seizing the door broke out. Shi Heng saw the illness of emperor Jingtai with his own eyes. He estimated that he would not be able to afford it, so he secretly planned with Xu Youzhen to welcome the restoration of Yingzong. After that, they secretly reported to empress dowager sun and obtained her Yizhi.
In 1457, Shi Heng, Xu Youzhen and others led the army to open the Chang'an gate. Then they rushed to Nangong and asked Ming Yingzong to return to the throne. At Donghua gate, the guard yelled, "I'm the emperor." Donghua gate opens with the sound. Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty entered the main hall. At five o'clock, all the officials were waiting for Zhu Qiyu to ascend the court outside the Meridian Gate. Suddenly, they heard the bells and drums in the palace, and the door of the palace was wide open. Xu Youzhen came out and announced in a loud voice: "the supreme emperor has been restored." Speechless Gongqing Baiguan, urged by Xu Youzhen, rushed into the palace to celebrate.
Zhu Qiyu heard the bell and asked the people around him, "is this Yu Qian?". People around answered, "no, it's the emperor.". Zhu Qiyu said: "brother to be emperor, good, good, good."
Strange death
On the day of Ming Yingzong's restoration, he arrested Yu Qian, Minister of the Ministry of war, and Wang Wen, a bachelor, and put a group of ministers and eunuchs in prison. Zhu Qiyu was then deposed as king of Ying and put under house arrest in the Yongan palace in xinei. Two or three days after the restoration of Zhuqi Town, he told the ministers in the court that his younger brother was much better and could eat porridge.
Chinese PinYin : Zhu Qi Yu
Zhu Qiyu