King Wei of Qi

King Wei of Qi

King Wei of Qi

(378-320 BC), surnamed GUI, surnamed Tian, first name

Inqi

He was the son of Tian Wu, the fourth king of the state of Qi (Tian Qi) in the Warring States period. He was in power from 356 BC to 320 BC.

In the 23rd year (334 BC), King Hui of Wei and King Wei of Qi met in Xuzhou and recognized each other as king. King Wei of Qi is famous for his ability to accept admonition and encourage himself to be strong. During the reign of King Wei of Qi, he appointed Zou Ji as the prime minister, Tian Ji as the general, and Sun Bin as the military strategist, aiming at the abuse of autocratic power and weak national strength. He carried out political reform, improved the legal system, selected talents and appointed talents, made clear rewards and punishments, and strengthened national strength. After the two battles of Guiling and Maling, the Wei army was defeated and began to dominate the princes. He built Jixia school palace outside the gate of Jimen in Linzi, the capital of the state (now the northeast of Zibo, Shandong Province), and invited the world's sages to discuss politics and give lectures, becoming the academic and cultural center at that time.

In the 36th year of king Qi Wei (320 BC), he died and was buried in the tomb of king Qi in Tianqi (in Qiling Town, Linzi District, Zibo City, Shandong Province). He was 59 years old.

Life of the characters

(Note: the catalogue of the biographies of the characters is arranged according to the statement of the thirty-six years of the reign of king Qi Wei (356-320 BC), which is generally accepted by the academic circles in Bamboo Annals. For details, please refer to the controversy on the reign of the catalogue.)

Early succession

In the sixth year of Duke Huan of Qi (357 BC), Duke Huan of Qi died, and Tian became king Wei of Qi. In the same year, Qi Kanggong, the former monarch of the Qi state of the Lu family, died, and his son had no descendants.

In the first year of King Wei of Qi (356 BC), Han, Zhao and Wei took advantage of the state's funeral and sent troops to attack Lingqiu of Qi. King Wei of Qi met with Zhao and song in Pinglu.

In the second year of King Wei of Qi Dynasty (355 BC), Zou Ji talked about the principles of Qin and the methods of governing the country. He pointed out that only when the upper and lower parts are consistent can the country prosper. He also advised King Wei not to indulge in wine, sex, singing and dancing, but to recruit more talents, develop production and train troops. King Wei of Qi repented and worshiped Zou Ji as his prime minister.

The battle of Guiling

In the third year of emperor Wei of Qi (354 BC), Zou Ji was appointed as marquis. The state of Zhao attacked Wei's ally, Wei, and captured Qi and Fuqiu (both in Changyuan County, Henan Province). This led to the interference of the state of Wei. The state of Wei sent troops to encircle Handan, the capital of Zhao (now Handan City, Hebei Province).

In the fourth year of King Wei of Qi (353 BC), Zhao sent envoys to seek help from Qi and Chu. The king of Qi Wei called his ministers to discuss. Zou Ji opposed the rescue, while Duan Ganpeng suggested that the king of Qi Wei divide his troops all the way south to attack Xiangling (now suixian County, Henan Province) to fatigue the Wei army, and then take advantage of the Wei army's attack on Handan to rescue Zhao, which not only rescued Zhao, but also weakened Wei and Zhao.

King Wei of Qi adopted Duan Ganpeng's suggestion and divided his troops into two routes: one was to besiege Xiangling of Wei state, the other was to rescue Zhao state led by Tian Ji and Sun Bin. Qi's army was divided into two routes, one of which met with the troops led by song Guojing and Wei gongsuncang, and besieged Xiangling of Wei. First, Tian Ji and Sun Bin led the rescue of Zhao. King Wei of Qi intended to let Sun Bin be the chief general, but Sun Bin refused because he had been tortured and was physically disabled. King Wei of Qi appointed Tian Ji as the chief General and Sun Bin as the military adviser. He asked him to sit in the car with tent to give advice. In October, Qi army won the battle of Guiling.

arouse one 's all efforts to make the country prosperous

In the sixth year of the reign of emperor Qi Wei (351 BC), Emperor Qi Wei began to indulge in fun and neglect political affairs. In the same year, the state of Lu attacked the state of Qi and entered Yangguan. In the same year, Han, Zhao and Wei attacked Qi again until Boling. In the seventh year of King Wei of Qi (350 BC), the state of Wei attacked the state of Qi and occupied Xue Ling. Qi built the Great Wall. In the ninth year of King Wei of Qi (348 BC), Zhao attacked Qi and occupied Zhen City.

In the ninth year of king Qi Wei (348 BC), king Qi Wei listened to Ji's concubine Yu Ji's advice and began to make great efforts to govern. He used doctor Jimo to cook and kill doctor a and other courtiers. King Wei of Qi led the vassal states to the court to see the emperor of Zhou. At that time, the Zhou royal family was poor and weak, so the princes did not go to court, only the state of Qi. People all over the world think that King Wei of Qi is a virtuous king. In the 11th year of King Wei of Qi Dynasty (346 BC), Mu Xin, a doctor, put him to death for improper recommendation of talents.

In the 13th year of king Qi Wei (344 BC), king Qi Wei visited the state of Qin.

In the 16th year of King Wei of Qi (341 BC), Wei sent troops to attack Korea, and Korea appealed to Qi for help. Qi promised to rescue, in order to urge South Korea to fight against Wei. King Wei of Qi took Tian Ji as the main general, Tian Ying and Tian pan as the deputy general, and Sun Bin as the military strategist. He led the army to Daliang, the capital of Wei (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), and induced the Wei army to come back to help South Korea. Wei Juan was defeated by Ma Ling.

The great victory in the battle of Maling, and rescued Zhao and Han, made their prestige rise, with the power of victory, Qi developed rapidly, became one of the most powerful countries at that time, dominating the East.

Xuzhou Xiangwang

In the 23rd year of king Qi Wei (334 BC), king Qi Wei met with Marquis Zhao Su in Pinglu.

In the same year, King Hui of Wei and King Wei of Qi joined an alliance in Xuzhou. King Hui led South Korea and some small countries to Xuzhou (now Southeast Tengxian County of Shandong Province) to meet King Wei of Qi, and respected him as king. King Wei did not dare to be king alone, so he also recognized the title of King Wei. King Hui changed this year to the first year after that, which was known as "King Xiang of Xuzhou".

In the 24th year of King Wei of Qi Dynasty (333 BC), King Wei and King Hui of Wei met to hunt in the suburbs. King Hui of Wei compared treasure with King Wei of Qi, but king Wei of Qi compared treasure with talent. King Hui of Wei was ashamed and went away unhappily.

Character's old age

In 323 BC, the state of Qin wanted to invade the state of Qi, and the two sides fought in sangqiu, although the king's close ministers repeatedly said that Kuang Zhang, the general of the state of Qi, would betray him. However, King Wei of Qi said that Kuang Zhang was a filial father. Even his dead father did not dare to disobey him. Would he betray the living monarch? He insisted that Kuang Zhang should fight, so Qi army defeated Qin army and won the battle of sangqiu.

In the 36th year of king Qi Wei (320 BC), king Qi Wei died at the age of 59. His son Tian biqiang succeeded him as king Xuan of Qi.

Political initiatives

Political achievements

Actively accept remonstrations

In addition to Chunyu Kun's famous admonition, he also accepted the admonition of Zou Ji, a civilian zither player. Zou Ji pointed out that the country will prosper only when the top and the bottom are consistent. He also advised the king of Wei not to indulge in wine, sex, singing and dancing, but to recruit more talents, develop production and train troops. King Wei of Qi repented and worshiped Zou Ji as his prime minister.

Rectify the administration of officials

After investigation, the king of Qi Wei summoned 72 local officials to the imperial court, killed the doctor a who had no political achievements and only bribed the officials of the imperial court to get praise and the officials who accepted bribes with cooking punishment, and rewarded ten thousand families of Jimo doctor who had been slandered but had excellent political achievements in the imperial court. Since then, the ministers of the state of Qi have been serious and honest, and no longer dare to exaggerate.

Reuse talents

King Wei of Qi regarded talents as national treasures. In the 24th year of king Qi Wei (333 BC), king Qi Wei compared Tanzi, Tianchuan, Qianfu and Zhongshou as "national treasures" in a conversation with King Wei Hui. On the one hand, he selected the officials who had made achievements in the clan, such as Tian Ji as the general; on the other hand, he selected a large number of people with low family status, such as Chun Yu Kun, who was born as a redundant son-in-law, had been punished by Kun and was ugly, Zou Ji, a civilian, and Sun Bin, a disabled man.

encourage the free airing of views

Under Zou Ji's admonition, King Wei of Qi offered a reward for admonishment, and ordered that those who could point out the faults of the monarch face to face should be rewarded; those who wrote a memorial to admonish the monarch should be rewarded; those who talked about the faults of the monarch in the court or in the market should be rewarded. At the beginning, the ministers went to admonish, and the court gate and yard were as busy as the market every day. After a few days, the number of remonstrators decreased day by day. A year later, because of the thorough improvement of Qi's politics, people wanted to put forward their opinions, but there was no more to put forward.

Military achievements

King Wei of Qi attached great importance to the construction of military theory. He asked Jixia gentlemen to combine the ancient "Sima Fa" with the Sima Jianju art of war into "Sima Jianju art of war".

Anecdotes and allusions

He Jizi admonishes the king of Qi by playing the piano

Lu Jizi visited the king of Qi Wei by his skill of playing the piano. The king of Qi Wei liked him and let him live in the right room of the palace. Before long, King Wei of Qi began to play the Qin. He opened the door and said, "it's very good to play the Qin." King Qi Wei was displeased. He put down the Qin and pressed the sword. He said, "Sir, I've just been left behind. I don't have a deep insight into the situation. How can I know that I play the Qin well?" "The big string is thick and warm like spring, symbolizing the king; the small string is clear and clear, symbolizing the Prime Minister of the country; the finger control string is tight, and it is relaxed, symbolizing the government order; the harmonious voice, high and low complement each other, twists and turns without interference, symbolizing the four seasons: I know that you play the piano well." Qi Weiwang said, "you are very proficient in temperament." He Jizi said: "not only the melody, but also the principles of governing the country and stabilizing the people." The king of Qi Wei was displeased again and said, "when it comes to the principle of blending five tones into rhythms, no one can catch up with you. As for governing the country and stabilizing the people, what does it have to do with orchestrating? " He said: "the big string is thick and warm like spring, and it is the king of the country; the small string is clear and clear, and it is the Prime Minister of the country; the control string is tight and relaxed, and it is the decree of the government; harmony and sound, high and low, twists and turns without interference, and it is the four seasons. The sound of the Qin is not disordered, which is political clarity; the connection between the top and the bottom and the back and forth is the continuation of the country's work, which will not lead to extinction. Therefore, the harmony of the Qin's tone is the governance of the country

Chinese PinYin : Qi Wei Wang