Xiao Yaonan

Xiao Yaonan

Xiao Yaonan (1875-february 14, 1926), whose name is Hengshan and Hengshan, is often called Xiao Lanling because of his ancestral home in Lanling, Jiangsu Province. He was born in xiaojiadawan, kongbu Town, Huanggang county (now Xinzhou District, Wuhan City) in 1875. During the period of Beiyang government, he successively served as the commander of the 25th division, the governor of Hubei Province, the patrol envoy of the two lakes, and the governor of Hubei Province.

Character evaluation

Xiao Yaonan is modest, good at flattering, resourceful, and able to use means to win over all parties for himself, but he is not too deep in the city. He is hard to get rid of the scholar's habit. He often practices women's benevolence and loses the decisiveness of the soldiers.

When Xiao Yaonan was in Hubei Province, representatives from all provinces had been stationed in Wuhan for a long time. He was ready to meet with the governor and to supply weapons for the Hanyang Arsenal. Xiao responded to all demands, especially for his direct party members. As a result, rice from Hunan and tobacco from Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan came in, and Xiao Zuo made huge profits. Xiao Yaonan is addicted to opium and likes to work at night, which may be the reason why he suffered physical damage and died early.

Life of the characters

Early years

Xiao Yaonan's father is a country peddler. He has two sons. Xiao Yaonan takes the second place. His father divides the two sons into one ploughing and one reading, and cultivates them separately. Xiao Yaonan is selected to study. His father hopes that he can get an official position through the road of imperial examination and shine his family. Xiao Yaonan took part in the imperial examination twice and became a scholar. Because of his poor family, he was unable to continue to take the examination, so he became a private school teacher in his hometown. At that time, the annual income of the teachers was only 20 yuan, which was not enough to support the family. Unwilling to live in poverty in the countryside, Xiao Yaonan came to Wuchang, the provincial capital, in 1896 to join the garrison and seek another way out.

Step by step

In 1901, Zhang Zhidong founded Hubei Jiangbian school, where students were selected by the military examination. Xiao Yaonan was admitted to the school. After graduation, he served in the standing army of Hubei, from sentry commander and sentry officer to supervisor. Because of his weak body, he did not adapt to the army life, so he left Hubei and went to Beijing to join hahanzhang. Ha Hanzhang was a well-known figure among the early non commissioned officers studying in Japan. He once served as the instructor of Hubei Jiangbian school. He had a friendship with Xiao Yaonan, so he was introduced to the army and Navy Training Office as a second-class officer. Later, he was transferred to the military consultative Office of the Han Dynasty. Xiao Yaonan is quiet, obedient to his superiors, familiar with official documents, and has certain ability to handle affairs. Therefore, he can get the trust of his superiors in the military training office and the military advisory office, and get along well with his colleagues. He has been promoted step by step in recent years.

In 1909, Xiao Yaonan was sent to the third Beiyang town in Fengtian (today's Shenyang) as the third camp of the ninth bid. Since then, he had a deep relationship with Cao Kun, who controlled the town. The next year, he was promoted to the third supplementary bid. In 1911, the revolution of 1911 broke out, and the sixth town of Beiyang controlled Wu Luzhen (Hubei people) to unite with Shanxi volunteers to organize Yan Jin allied forces to fight against the Qing Dynasty. In late October, the Qing government sent the third town to Shanxi to attack the Yan Jin allied forces. After Wu Luzhen was assassinated, the Qing army occupied Niangziguan, and Xiao Yaonan was promoted to the 12th standard with military merit.

Participating in the southern expedition

Because of the revolution of 1911, the Qing Dynasty was forced to use Yuan Shikai again. In order to prevent the infiltration of revolutionary ideas and eliminate the southerners in the northern army, Xiao Yaonan was spared by Cao Kun. After the founding of the Republic of China, the town was changed into a division. Xiao Yaonan served as the commander of the ninth regiment of the third division and chief of staff of the division. In 1913, he was awarded major general of the army for his "meritorious service" in suppressing Bai Lang in Henan Province. In 1914, Yuan Shikai appointed Cao Kun as commander-in-chief of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, stationed in Yuezhou (now Yueyang, Hunan). During the second revolution, Xiao Yaonan was promoted to chief of staff of the general command. In 1915, Yuan Shikai moved Cao Kun's general headquarters to Chongqing to help Sichuan Governor Chen Ji suppress the national defense forces. Yuan ordered the third division to expand the army, Cao set up the five battalion guard, Xiao Yaonan served as the commander, and still served as the chief of staff of the headquarters.

After Yuan Shikai's death, Li Yuanhong took over as president. Cao Kun took advantage of Xiao's hometown relationship with Li and his teacher-student relationship with HA Hanzhang, an important member of the presidential palace. Xiao came out to campaign and spent more than 600000 yuan to get Cao the post of governor of Zhili. After Cao became governor, the third division went to Zhili and stationed in Baoding. Cao expanded his army and established Zhili first, second, third and fourth mixed brigades. Xiao Yaonan was the commander of the third mixed brigade. After the failure of Zhang Xun's restoration in 1917, Feng Guozhang was the acting president and Duan Qirui was the Prime Minister of the cabinet. He held real power and refused to restore the provisional constitution. Sun Yat Sen set up a military government to protect the law in Guangdong and carried out a movement to protect the law. Duan Qirui sent Cao Kun as commander-in-chief of the southern expedition. Wu Peifu, acting as the commander of the third division and the former enemy, led the third division, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd mixed brigades of Zhili and the 16th mixed brigades of Feng Yuxiang to fight against the French guards. Wu Peifu defeated the southern army and entered Hengyang. Xiao Yaonan's third mixed brigade was also stationed in Hengyang and Qiyang. In 1919, the May 4th Movement broke out, the people opposed the civil war, the north south peace talks, and stopped the civil war. Wu Peifu moved to Luoyang, and Xiao Yaonan returned to Shunde, Zhili (now Xingtai, Hebei).

In 1920, the Zhi Wan war broke out. Xiao Yaonan defeated a division of the WAN army with one brigade. After the victory of Zhili, the army expanded on a large scale. The first mixed brigade of Zhili was expanded into the 23rd division, the second mixed brigade into the 24th division, the third mixed brigade into the 25th division, and the fourth mixed brigade into the 26th division. Xiao Yaonan was promoted to the commander of the 25th division and was still stationed in Shunde.

Take charge of Hubei

In 1921, Wang Zhanyuan, the then governor of Hubei Province, embezzled his military salaries for a long time, which led to the mutiny of the second division (Wuchang mutiny). The rebels burned, killed, raped and robbed the city, causing riots throughout the city, causing unanimous opposition from the people of Hubei. Officials and gentry from all walks of life organized the movement of driving out the king and advocated "Hubei people ruling Hubei". At the same time, Zhao hengti, the governor of Hunan Province, took the opportunity to send troops to attack Wang Zhanyuan and seek the territory of Hubei Province. Wang Zhanyuan asked Wu Peifu for help. Wu Peifu ordered Xiao Yaonan to lead the 25th division to the south for additional teaching. When Xiao was ordered to go south, he declared that he would not help the king.

At that time, Zhao hengti's Hunan army fought with the Hubei army in Yangloudong and Zhaoliqiao of Puqi (today's Chibi, Hubei Province) for eight days and nights, and the Hubei army gradually lost support. At this time, Xiao Yaonan led the 25th division to Hankou by train. Despite Wang Zhanyuan's repeated urging, Xiao still stood still. When the news of defeat in the southern front came, Wang Zhanyuan had no choice but to resign. On August 9, 1921, the Beijing government appointed Wu Peifu as the tour envoy of the two lakes and Xiao Yaonan as the governor of Hubei.

After Xiao Yaonan took office, the Hunan Hubei war continued. Xiao sent the 25th division to the front line to strengthen defense, Wu Peifu led the third division to the south to defend Tingsi bridge, and finally defeated the Hunan army. The two sides negotiated a peace truce, and Chen Jiamo, the 50th brigade of the 25th division, entered Yuezhou. Thus, Xiao's five-year rule of Hubei began.

Consolidate the rule

Although Xiao Yaonan was the governor of Hubei Province, his position was not stable. At that time, there were many troops stationed in Hubei. Except for the 25th division, the rest were Wang Zhanyuan's old headquarters. Except for he Xifan, the director of Hubei marine police department, who was Xiao's old classmate, he was more relieved that sun Chuanfang's second division and Hubei's first, second, third, fourth and fifth mixed brigades were Xiao's capital I'm not at ease. So on the one hand, he recruited all kinds of troops in the territory and exchanged posts with the generals of these troops. On the other hand, he secretly sent his cronies to contain them. For the first mixed Brigade (brigade commander pan Shoushen), a battalion commander surnamed fan of the 25th division was sent to the brigade as its head; for the second mixed Brigade (brigade commander Kou Yingjie), he Guoguang, the head of Hubei nationality of the brigade, and for the fourth mixed Brigade (brigade commander Liu Zuo), Xie Chao, the head of the brigade. For the second division and the fifth mixed Brigade (brigade commander Zhang Yunming), in the name of supporting Wu Peifu's policy of unifying China by force, they urged them to seize the territory of Fujian, Zhejiang and Shanghai, and took the opportunity to exclude them from Hubei. In addition, Wang ruqin, commander-in-chief of the upper Yangtze River and commander of the eighth division, Lu Jinshan, commander of the 18th division, Zhao ronghua, commander of the 18th mixed brigade, and Wang Duqing, commander of the 21st brigade, were stationed in Yichang. Du Xijun, Huang's garrison envoy of the Han Dynasty, was stationed in Hankou. Xiangfan garrison envoy Zhang Liansheng was stationed in Xiangyang. He wooed Liu Yuchun, brigade commander of the eighth division, Yu Xuezhong, commander of the 18th mixed brigade, and Han Huang's garrison, who used his classmate Zhang housheng as the inside line, appointed Ruan Zhaowen, the chief of staff of Zhang Liansheng. After his careful deployment, all the generals were under his control.

In order to consolidate his rule, while controlling the military power, Xiao also paid great attention to winning the support of all parties. He learned from his predecessor Wang Zhanyuan's lessons and took some mitigation measures. He no longer excessively withheld his subordinates' salaries to satisfy his own pockets, and all the troops' salaries and supplies were paid in full. For example, Tang Chunpeng, Shi Xingchuan, Sun Wu, Xiong Xiangsheng, Wu Zhaolin, Ying Longxiang, Chen Shike, Qin Shixue, Cai Hanqing, Fu Chucai and Yang zanxu were recommended by President Xiao Xiangda, Li Yuanhong, as generals of the general's office. They were asked to hang up their leisure jobs and receive dry salaries, which made all of them happy. Xiao Yaonan also had extensive contacts with famous businessmen in Wuhan, such as Zhou Wuchang, Xu Rongting, Su tuiyu, LV Chaobo, Huang Wenzhi and Zhou Cangbai, who were all guests of the residence. Zhou Xingtang, President of the chamber of Commerce, was employed as a consultant of the provincial office to show his courtesy. Xiao also contacted the local gang leaders, appointed officials, and gave them preferential treatment to make them useful. Xiao also generously made friends with the central officials, local forces and celebrities in Hubei Province. Through these efforts, Xiao's rule in Hubei was supported by all parties and his control over Hubei was consolidated.

Liu Chengen was the governor of Hubei Province when Xiao Yaonan was the governor of Hubei Province at the beginning of his term. He was left over from the period of Wang Zhanyuan's governor of Hubei Province. He belonged to the Feng clan and did not obey Xiao. At this time, Tang Xiangming, the former governor of Hunan Province, also wanted to seek the post of governor of Hubei Province and came to lobby Xiao

Chinese PinYin : Xiao Yao Nan