He Guiqing

He Guiqing

He Guiqing (1816 ~ 1862), named Congshan and genyun, was born in Kunming, Yunnan Province. He was a Jinshi in the 15th year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1835). He was the governor of Liangjiang and the crown prince. In the battle of breaking the Jiangnan camp, he abandoned the city in Changzhou, and was finally beheaded by the Qing government in the capital vegetable market.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Daoguang 15 years (1835) the second a 49th Jinshi origin, point Hanlin academy Shuji Shi. In the 16th year of Daoguang (1836), he was awarded the Imperial Academy for editing. In the 22nd year of Daoguang (1842), he successively served as the official of Xi Ma, you Zan Shan, Zuo Zan Shan, and RI Shuo daily life.

In 1843, he was promoted to the Imperial Academy. Daoguang 24 years (1844), rise Taipu Temple Shaoqing. In the 25th year of Daoguang (1845), he was promoted to Guanglu Siqing and changed to Taichang Siqing. In the 26th year of Daoguang (1846), he was transferred to Shandong Xuezheng. In 1847, he was promoted to cabinet bachelor. In the 28th year of Daoguang (1848), he moved to the right Minister of the Ministry of war. Ding you left his post, and when he had finished his service, he took up the post of former official.

In the first year of Xianfeng (1851), he successively served as the right Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, the right Minister of the Ministry of war, and the right Minister of the Ministry of household affairs. He was also in charge of the affairs of qianfatang and walked in the South study.

In the second year of Xianfeng (1852), he acted as a lecturer of Jingyan. On August 6, he was awarded Jiangsu Xuezheng. When the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom attacked the south of the Yangtze River, he Guiqing spared military affairs as a political scholar in Jiangsu Province, attacked the weak feudal officials and talked freely, which surprised emperor Xianfeng. In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), he served as the Minister of rites.

Suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

Xianfeng four years (1854), he served as the right Minister of the Ministry of officials, change cangchang minister, September 21, Zhejiang governor. The Taiping army captured Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province), shaking the southeast. Huizhou and Ningguo in Anhui Province were the barriers of Zhejiang Province. He Guiqing stationed in Huangchi to guard the key points and beat back the Taiping army with Zhejiang governor Deng Shaoliang.

In the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855), Xu Rong, a Taoist, was ordered to attack Yixian and Shidai. After the main force of Taiping army arrived, Huiyong was defeated and Xu Rong died. He Guiqing advocated that Anhui and Zhejiang should be each other's lips and teeth. Emperor Xianfeng ordered the local officials to suppress the enemy in all areas. Anhui governor moved to Luzhou, Hui and Ning counties were under the jurisdiction of he Guiqing. He Guiqing ordered Shi Jingfen, the prefect of Huizhou, and kuiling, the deputy general, to recover the city of Huizhou and Xiuning, and to block the enemy's way. Jiangxi Taiping army invaded Zhejiang, captured Kaihua, invaded sui'an, ordered Deng Shaoliang and others to attack and repel them, Zhou Tianshou and Shi Jingfen recovered Yi county and Shidai. He Guiqing invited Shi Jingfen to be appointed as Taidao in Huining; Yuqi, the chief soldier, was dismissed because of his poor performance and was replaced by Jiang Changgui; Zhang Fu, the former Minister of state, was stationed in southern Anhui to supervise the defense of Huining, taking into account Quzhou and Yanzhou in Zhejiang.

In 1856, Deng Shaoliang, Qin Ruhu and Du Xinga were ordered to attack ningguofu. Jiang Changgui defeated the incoming Taiping Army and took over ningguofu. The imperial court praised him. Wang Youling, a good friend of Hangzhou's governor, was sentenced to Xu Zhengjie. He Guiqing repeated his misgivings and was asked by the central government to leave with illness. At the end of the year, Yi Liang, the governor of Liangjiang, was dismissed. Peng Yunzhang, the Bachelor of wenyuange, recommended that he Guiqing be competent for the overall planning of military pay.

In the spring of 1857, he acted as governor of Liangjiang with ER pin Ding Dai. GUI Qing recommended Wang Youling to be the governor of Jiangsu Province, responsible for military pay. General he Chun of Jiangning was in charge of military affairs, Zhang Guoliang, governor of Jiangnan, was the deputy, and Yi Liang, the former governor, was the transport minister. GUI Qing played Chen Fanglue and called it an edict to discuss with Chun. In the winter, he conquered Zhenjiang to pay for the army and increase the crown prince's protection.

In November of the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858), he, together with Shi Guiliang of Dongge University and Hua Shana, the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, revised the tariff and trade regulations of Britain, France and the United States: 1. Limited recognition of opium trade. 2. Establish the General Administration of Customs in Shanghai in accordance with the Sino British five port trade constitution. 3. Import and export goods will be subject to 5% tariff on time, and foreign goods exported to the mainland will be subject to 2.5% sub export tax on time. 4. The tax of each port shall be handled uniformly, and the British Li Thai shall be employed to assist in the customs and taxation.

Xianfeng ten years (1860) spring, the recovery of Jiangning Jiufu Island, the Qing army encircled Jiangning, the crown prince and Taibao. Li Xiucheng, the loyal king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, sent troops from Guangde, Anhui Province to attack Hangzhou. Ruichang, the general of Hangzhou, insisted. Emperor Xianfeng ordered he Guiqing and Hechun to rescue as soon as possible. GUI Qing urged Zhang Yuliang, the governor of Guangxi, to help. After arriving, he defeated the Taiping army with 600 troops and recovered Lin'an, Xiaofeng and Anji. Emperor Xianfeng issued an imperial edict. He Guiqing's spirit was relaxed, and he relied heavily on Yi Yi. He was very disappointed with the times.

Lost city and land

The Taiping Army surrounded Jintan and sank into Jiangyin. He Guiqing sent his chief soldiers Ma Dezhao, Xiong Tianxi, Zeng Bingzhong, and his deputy general Liu Chengyuan to resist by water and land, and his troops were divided into Yidan. So the Taiping army gathered more than 100000 people to go out of Jianping and Dongba. One was from Dongba to Jiangning, and the other was from liyang to Changzhou. When he Guiqing heard about it, he was at a loss. Ma Dezhao and Zhou Tianfu gave aid to Suzhou and Changzhou respectively, and the Taiping army moved to Jintan and fell into Jurong. Jurong is the back road of Daying and has been isolated since then. Zhang Yuliang returned to Changzhou and called on chunfei to transfer aid to the camp. He Guiqing stayed there but did not send him. Ma Dezhao, a polyphony, did not respond. Wang Youling has been promoted to governor of Zhejiang Province and wrote to he Guiqing not to leave Changzhou. He also said, "as a minister, when things are thorny, they are in danger. As long as you are in full view of them, you can stop them. If one raises one's foot, one's heart will collapse. " It's also a rule.

There will be heavy rain and snow, and the soldiers will be cold and discouraged. They will not be able to ask for their pay, but they will be noisy and chaotic, and the rate will collapse. Hechun and Zhang Guoliang retreated to Danyang. He Guiqing said: "the military affairs above Danyang are under the control of Hechun and zhangguoliang; the military affairs of Changzhou are under the control of Zhangyuliang." When the plan was decided, they entered Liyang, but the Taiping army had already invaded Danyang. Zhang Guoliang died, and Hechun rushed to Changzhou. Guiqing was shocked. Premier Liang taicha Wen Jing and so on, please surrender to Suzhou. He Guiqing, who was a military official, paid Hechun and settled in Suzhou to raise money. When they were about to leave, the gentry and people in Changzhou blocked the way and asked them to stay. The followers shot and killed more than ten people before they could leave. Zhang Yuliang stayed behind and went after him. The scholars ascended PI, the city sank for a few days, and Tu Yan died. When he Guiqing arrived in Suzhou, Governor Xu Youren refused to accept it and impeached him to leave the city for his master. He Chun retreated to Wuxi and died. GUI Qing asked to borrow foreign soldiers, so he came to Shanghai. Suzhou was also trapped. Xu Youren died for it. Yishu impeached GUI Qing and ordered him to be removed from office and arrested in Beijing for punishment.

The meeting was postponed for two years. Wang Youling and Xue Huan, the governor of Jiangsu Province, were both former officials. They begged for favor and were not allowed to do so. The first year of tongzhi (1862), he was arrested and put into prison, and he planned to cut off the prison. Qi Junzao, a scholar from the University, and other 17 people went to Shanghai to discuss the rescue, and Li Tangjie, a minister of state, fought for it. He Guiqing's assistance to the Department of Daofu was written by Zeng Guofan. Zeng Guofan sparsely said: "the officials of Xinjiang should take the city guard as the major festival, and should not take a word from their subordinates as the starting point. If a minister is convicted by his heart, there is no need to weigh the merits of his public report. " It was winter, so the city was abandoned.

Character ending

During the second battle of breaking the Jiangnan camp, the Taiping army besieged Jintan and captured Jiangyin. Ma Dezhao, Xiong Tianxi and Zeng Bingzhong, the commander-in-chief of the Guangxi and Qing Dynasties, and Liu Chengyuan, the Deputy General of the Taiping army, fought by water and land. More than 100000 Taiping troops left Jianping and Dongba, one from Dongba to Jiangning, and the other from liyang to Changzhou. Ma Dezhao and Zhou Tianfu rescued Suzhou and Changzhou respectively. After the Taiping army captured Jurong, the rear road of Jiangnan camp was cut off.

Zhang Yuliang returned to Changzhou and called for help from Hechun. Guiqing did not allow Zhang Yuliang to come to Changzhou. Hechun asked Ma Dezhao for help, but he did not respond. Wang Youling, governor of Zhejiang Province, sent a letter to tell Guiqing not to flee Changzhou: "when things are difficult, they are in danger. As a minister, you can see them in full view and stop them. If one raises one's foot, one's heart will collapse. "

The camp in the south of the Yangtze River suffered from heavy snow, lack of pay, chaos and collapse. Hechun and Zhang Guoliang retreated to Danyang. Guiqing Shangshu shirked his responsibility: "the military affairs above Danyang are dominated by Hechun and Zhang Guoliang. Changzhou military affairs, Minister and Zhang Yuliang master

After the deployment was decided, they marched into Liyang, and the Taiping army had already conquered Danyang. Zhang Guoliang died in the war, and Hechun fled to Changzhou. Guiqing was shocked. Premier Liang Tai's inspection of Wen Jing and other officials knew its meaning and suggested to retreat to Suzhou. GUI Qing then said that he Chun had been entrusted with military affairs and went to Suzhou to raise money.

When he fled, his entourage shot and killed the gentry in Changzhou, who knelt down and left, and 19 people died before he left. Zhang Yuliang also left soon. The scholars of Changzhou raised their own money to go to the city. A few days later, the city of Changzhou was destroyed and slaughtered by the people's resistance. After he Guiqing arrived, Xu Youren, governor of Jiangsu Province, refused to open the door and impeached he for "abandoning the city and losing his division.". He Chunbing retreated to Wuxi after being seriously injured and committed suicide. GUI Qing asked Yan to borrow foreign soldiers and fled to Shanghai concession. A few days later, when the city of Suzhou sank, Xu Youren was killed in the street battle and killed for his chastity. Yishu impeached he Guiqing for many crimes.

As a result, Changzhou, Changshu and Suzhou were all lost. Xianfeng ordered his dismissal and arrest and sent to Beijing for trial. Coincidentally, he met the British and French allied forces, and Emperor Xianfeng took refuge in Rehe, where the case was shelved for two years. During this period, Wang Youling and Xue Huan, governor of Jiangsu Province, successively went to Shanghai to beg for favor and were not allowed to do so.

In the first year of tongzhi (1862), the officials impeached one after another. Prince Gong negotiated with the concession and was formally arrested and put into prison. Qiu tried and punished Yu guangluo, the general office and Zhili chief physician, and changed him from "beheading the prison" to "beheading the magistrate" and "killing 19 people holding incense kneeling and leaving their father and elders. They had to bear the heart and harm the reason, and the crime should be aggravated" to "beheading and standing". Zhao Guang, the Minister of the Ministry of punishment, has a friendship with Xu naizhao, who is an assistant in Jiangnan military affairs. He understands the details of the loss of Guiqing and the disaster of Su Chang. He repeats: "if you don't kill he Guiqing, why do you thank the millions of people who have been killed in Jiangnan?" Empress Dowager Cixi decreed that the Sixth Department of the University, Jiuqing hanzhan Kedao conference be held. Li Tangjie, the Minister of Dali temple, thinks that Gui Qing was the governor of Liangjiang, arrogant and incompetent in governing the army. He embezzled the military pay, which led to mutiny and annihilation of the whole army. He abandoned the city to escape and blamed others. The result of the meeting was just like that of the Ministry of punishment, and the Empress Dowager had another purpose: "he Guiqing was once a senior official of any kind. He should be cautious in the use of punishment. If there is any doubt, you may as well report what you see." There are 17 people on the shulun save, body benevolence

Chinese PinYin : He Gui Qing