Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty

Aixinjueluo · Huangtaiji

Huang Hongtai, the emperor of Taiji, translated it from April 28 to November 21, 1642. He was the second Khan of the later Jin Dynasty, the founding emperor of the Qing Dynasty, an outstanding strategist and statesman, and the eighth son of Nurhachi, the Taizu of the Qing Dynasty.

Huang Taiji is dignified, intelligent and magnanimous, skillful in riding and shooting. In 1626, Nurhachi inherited the throne of Khan and was named Tiancong. After he ascended the throne, he made great efforts to govern the country, carried out drastic feudal reform, and strengthened centralization of power. Conquering Korea and Monan Mongolia, relieving worries. We should adopt the suggestion of demoting the officials of the Han nationality, establish the policy of "making peace with the Ming Dynasty and strengthening ourselves", reuse the generals of the Han nationality, weaken the strength of the Ming Dynasty, and aim to enter the pass. We should integrate Manchu and Han, protect the Han people, lighten the burden of peasants, develop production, and increase military strength. In the first year of Chongde (1636), the Han, Manchu, and Mongolian nationalities presented the form of persuading people to enter. Huangtaiji was officially called emperor, and the name of the state was "Daqing", forcing North Korea to submit. In the seventh year of Chongde (1642), he fought against the Ming Dynasty continuously, won the Songjin war and captured Hong Chengchou. As a result, the elite outside the pass of the Ming Dynasty was lost, the Ningjin defense line collapsed completely, and the Qing Dynasty rapidly expanded and occupied the Central Plains, laying a solid foundation for promoting the occupation of the Central Plains.

In 1643, Huang Taiji died at the age of 52. He was in power for 17 years and was named the temple

Taizong

His posthumous title is "yingtianxing, guohongde, Zhangwu, Kuanwen, renshengrui, Xiaojing, minzhao, Dinglong, daoxiangong, Emperor Wen". He was buried in Zhaoling, Shenyang, and his ninth son Fulin ascended the throne.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Huang Taiji was born in Shenshi on October 25, the 20th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (November 28, 1592). As the eighth son of Nurhachi, he was loved by Nurhachi since he was a child. Huang Taiji's biological mother, yehenara mengguzhezhe, is the daughter of Yang jinu (yangganu), the leader of Yehe Department of Nuzhen in Haixi. In order to make an alliance with Nurhachi, Yang jinu betrothed his youngest daughter to him, calling it a natural "good mate". In 1588, Nurhachi got married at the age of 30, and the bride was only 14. At that time, Nurhachi had many wives and children, and the most important one was gundai, the mother of manggurtai. But Nurhachi and yehenara are very affectionate. They like that she only serves her husband and does not interfere in political affairs.

Huang Taiji was born with a red face, a fine face, a steady action and a dignified manner. He's smart. His ears and eyes are familiar with him. He never forgets what he hears and knows what he sees. He loved to read and study, and he was the only one who could read among Nurhachi's generals. When his father and brother were busy with the war for many years, seven year old Huang Taiji began to take charge of domestic affairs. He not only managed the daily affairs of the family and the income and expenditure in an orderly way. In particular, some things do not bother Nurhachi instructions, Huang Taiji can do very well, as they think, so Nurhachi is more love for Huang Taiji.

In the autumn of 1603, mengguzhezhe was ill and wanted to see his mother. Nurhachi sent someone to inform him of this, but yehebelenalinbulu didn't agree. In September of the same year, Meng Guzhe died of illness. Huang Taiji was 12 years old. When Meng Gu was alive, he had a short time to become a great Fujin. After Huang Taiji made a great sweat, he respected his mother Meng Guzhe as empress Xiaoci Gao.

After his mother's death, Huang Taiji followed his father and brother and grew up rapidly. He soon became a young man who was able to be civil and martial. The Manchu and other immortal women are known for their martial arts. Huang Taiji learned from his father the traditional customs of the nation. He took part in hunting since he was a child. He was very brave. He shot in step, rode and shot. He never missed his goal. After he became emperor, Huang Taiji still has a fresh memory of this kind of life when he was a child. He once said, "when Taizu was young, we heard that we would go out hunting the next day, that is, we would play hawk and Cuqiu in advance to make all kinds of preparations. If you don't want to go at that time, cry and ask to go. In the past, no matter young or old, they competed with each other to make progress, and they all took it as a great joy to go hunting. At that time, there were very few servants. Everyone was herding their horses and saddles, chopping firewood and cooking. Even though it was so hard, they were willing to work with him. The prosperity of the country today is the result of such hard work. " Huang Taiji is very much like his father. He is hardworking and strong. Shenyang Shisheng Temple once had a bow that he used. The length of the arrow is more than four feet. Not only ordinary people don't dare to ask for it, but even a strong man can't pull it. Huang Taiji used it very well.

The first battle

< sub > master data: < / sub > < sub > battle of Sarhu

Huang Taiji had been hunting and fighting with his father and brother since he was young, and he was skilled in riding and shooting. Wanli forty years (1612), from the father to the west of the sea Nvzhen wulabu, Ke six city. On the basis of gradually completing the unification of Nuzhen ministries, Huang Taiji helped his father Nurhachi establish a new post Jin State. Nurhachi once wanted to establish his eldest son Chu Ying as a reserve, but Chu Ying did a lot of things against Nurhachi's wishes behind his back, and even forced Huang Taiji to act with him. Huang Taiji and others exposed Chu Ying's conspiracy to Nurhachi. In 1613, Nurhachi imprisoned Chu Ying and resolutely executed him two years later. Since then, Huang Taiji has been further trusted. In 1615, Nurhachi integrated yellow, white, red and blue, and added yellow, white, red and blue to complete the eight flag system of military and political integration. Huang Taiji was appointed Baile of Guanzheng white flag.

In 1616, the first year of Tianming (the 44th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), Nurhachi established the state of Dajin (known as Houjin in History), which was called Dahan. He appointed his second son Dai Shan as dabele, his nephew Amin as erbale, his fifth son manggurtai as sanbeile, and his eighth son Huangtaiji as sibele, which is called siddabele for short. In the third year of Tianming (1618, the 46th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), Nurhachi made up his mind to launch an attack on the Ming Dynasty, but how to take action was still debated. Huang Taiji offers a plan. He proposed to fight Fushun first, "Fushun is where I go in and out, I must take it first.". He also suggested that Li Yongfang, the Ming Dynasty guerrilla, should take advantage of the opportunity to open a horse market from April 8 to 25. He should send 50 people to act as horse merchants, divide them into five groups and enter the city as a market. Then he personally led 5000 soldiers to go to the city at night to attack both sides. Nurhachi readily accepted his proposal. On April 13, he took the oath of "seven great hatreds" and won a great victory. The battle of Fushun was the first war between the later Jin Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, which had a far-reaching influence on the development of the later Jin Dynasty. Huang Taiji's advice and personal presence in the battle had a decisive role in the victory of the later Jin Dynasty.

The news of Fushun's defeat and the city's collapse spread to the capital of the Ming Dynasty, and the emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty, who had ignored the government for many years, exclaimed: "the left Liao Dynasty has defeated the army, and the situation of Jianzhou is growing, and the border affairs are very critical.". In order to kill the later Jin Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty launched the famous Sarhu war in the fourth year of Tianming (the 47th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, 1619) in conjunction with the Yehe tribe of Nuzhen and the Korean Dynasty. Later, the Jin army entered saerhu (east of Dahuofang Reservoir in Fushun, Liaoning Province) and fought against the Ming army. On the way, Huang Taiji defeated Gong niansui and Li Ximi, the rear camp guerrillas of Du Songjun. After winning the West and North roads and preparing to move to the East Road, Huang Taiji rushed to the front line after Dai Shan, A-min and mang gurtai. Liu Dun, the general officer of the Ming Dynasty, died in a fierce battle. On the other hand, the Ming army, led by Li Rubai, fled back in confusion before they could fight. The battle of Sarhu was the first decisive battle between the later Jin Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty. Huang Taiji made great contributions to win the battle. In 1625, Huang Taiji and his brother abatai led 5000 elite riders to help Horqin, forcing the Mongolian leader of Chahar, lindan Khan, to flee.

Succeeding to the throne

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On August 11, 1626, Nurhachi died of depression because of the defeat of Ningyuan war. The great concubine Abahai and two concubines died. Dai Shan, together with his sons yuetuo and sahalian, held the throne of emperor Taiji. Dai Shan's eldest son, beleyouto, and his third son, belsahalian, told the ministers the reason for their support for Huang Taiji: "talent and virtue are the best in the world, and they should succeed to the throne quickly.". Due to the strong support of Dai Shan, the eldest brother, all baileynai's words were combined to ask for the throne, and Huang Taiji's words were repeated, and a long time was promised. On September 1, Huang Taiji, the Khan, burned incense to the sky and announced that the following year would be a year

Tiancong

The first year. When Huang Taiji ascended the throne, the Ming Dynasty became tough because of the victory of Ningyuan. As soon as Huang Taiji came to power, he wrote to yuan Chonghuan, governor of Ningyuan, saying that he hoped to "make peace with each other.". The Ming Dynasty did not wait for the later Jin Dynasty to withdraw its troops, but built Tashan, Xiaolinghe and Jinzhou cities to prepare for the war.

In May of the first year of Tiancong (1627, the seventh year of Tiancong's reign), Huang Taiji led the army to levy the Ming Dynasty. At this time, yuan Chonghuan, a cadre General of the Ming Dynasty, was carrying out the "recovery plan", that is, "to protect Liao soil with Liao people and to support Liao people with Liao soil". He built cities and farmlands to support wars, and "guarding is the right book, fighting is the strange book.". Huang Taiji wanted to launch an attack as soon as possible and launched the battle of Ningjin. As a result, he suffered heavy casualties, but Ningyuan City stood still. He continued to attack for more than ten days, but still failed. It was yuan Chonghuan who ordered man GUI, you Shilu and Zu dashou to go out of the city and refuse to fight. Huang Taiji, governor Dai Shan, a min, mang gurtai, a Jige and so on attacked. The Ming army called for resistance. Yuan Chonghuan was in command, and after the cannon, the Jin soldiers fell in a row

Chinese PinYin : Qing Tai Zong