LiZong of Song Dynasty

Zhao Yun

Zhao Yun (January 26, 1205 - November 16, 1264) was born in Shanyin County, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province. He was the 14th emperor of the Song Dynasty (September 17, 1224 - November 16, 1264) and the fifth emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. The tenth grandson of Zhao Kuangyin and the ninth grandson of Zhao Dezhao.

Jiading 15 years (1222), was established as the younger brother of the song ningzong Yi Wang Hei son, given the noble sincerity. Jiading seventeen years (1224), established as Prince ningzong, given the name Yun. After the death of emperor ningzong of Song Dynasty, Zhao Yun was supported by Shi Miyuan as emperor. In the first ten years of Zhao Yun's succession to the throne, he was under the coercion of Shi Miyuan, the Prime Minister of power. He did not care about the government affairs at all. He respected Neo Confucianism and indulged in his emotions. It was not until the sixth year of shaoding (1233) when Shi Miyuan died that Zhao Yun began to govern. At the beginning of his personal administration, he was determined to prosper, and took reform measures such as deposing the historical party, pro promoting Taiwan to remonstrate, clarifying the administration of officials, and rectifying the finance, which was known as "straightening out and changing" in history. In the first year of Duanping (1234), troops were sent to unite with mengmiejin. In the same year, he sent troops to recover the three capitals, but failed. The next year (1235), the Mongolian Khan wokuotai invaded the Song Dynasty on the ground of breaking the agreement of the Song Dynasty, and the war between the Song Dynasty and Mongolia broke out for more than 40 years. In his later years, Zhao Yun indulged in the immoral life, and the government fell into the hands of Ding Daquan, Jia Sidao and other traitors.

In 1264, Zhao Yun died in Lin'an. He reigned for 41 years, second only to Renzong. He was 60 years old. His posthumous title is Jiandao, Beide, Dagong, rejuvenating, Liewen, Renwu, Shengming, Anxiao, emperor, and the temple name is LiZong. Buried in yongmu mausoleum.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Zhao Yun, the first name of song LiZong, was Zhao Yu Ju (later renamed Zhao Guicheng). He was born on the fifth day of the first month of the first year of Kaixi (1205) in Hongqiao, Shanyin County, Shaoxing. It turned out that Zhao and Ju were not princes, but nephews of Zhao Kuan, Emperor ningzong of Song Dynasty. He is the tenth grandson of Zhao Dezhao, the son of Zhao Kuangyin, but the throne of the Song Dynasty was not inherited by Zhao Dezhao. Zhao and his father, Zhao Xiyu, were very distant from the royal family. In his life, Zhao Xiyu was not a marquis, but a local official in Shanyin county. His life was no different from that of the common people.

When Zhao and Ju were seven years old, their father, Zhao Xiyu, died. Their mother, Quan's (Mrs. Cixian), took him and his younger brother, Zhao Yurui, back to their mother's home. Their third mother and son sojourned in the family of Quan's elder brother (Quan Baochang), who was their elder brother in Shaoxing, until Zhao and Ju were 16 years old.

Zhao Kuang's eight children were all young, so he ordered Shi Miyuan, the prime minister, to find a family with good conduct to inherit the throne of King Yi. Shi Miyuan handed over the task to Yu Tianxi, his aide. Yu Tianxi met with a heavy rain in Shaoxing and took shelter from the rain at Quan Baochang's home, so he met Zhao and Ju brothers. Yu Tianxi knew that they belonged to the Zhao clan. He also felt that the two brothers behaved appropriately and thought that they were suitable candidates to inherit King Yi, so he recommended them to Shi Miyuan. Shi Miyuan took the two brothers to Lin'an for self-examination. He also thought that his elder brother Zhao Yuju was the right person to inherit the king of Yi. Therefore, in 1221, Zhao Yuju was selected into the palace and renamed Zhao Guicheng to inherit the king of Yi.

In 1224, ningzong died. Shi Mi Yuan Lian and empress Yang falsely passed on ningzong's imperial edict. He deposed Prince Zhao Hong as king Ji and established Zhao Guicheng as the new emperor. He changed his name to Zhao Yun, who was Emperor LiZong of Song Dynasty.

Lianmeng miejin

In the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, Mongolia rose rapidly in the northern region and became another minority regime after Liao, Xixia and Jin, which posed a great threat to the Song Dynasty. In the face of the rapidly changing situation, there was a dispute about the foreign policy in the Song Dynasty. Some people, out of hatred for the Jin Dynasty, advocated uniting Mongolia to destroy the Jin Dynasty and restore the central plains; others, with relative rationality, quoted the lesson of uniting the Jin Dynasty to destroy the Liao Dynasty and emphasized the truth that the lips were dead and the teeth were cold, hoping to take the Jin Dynasty as the vassal screen and not repeat the same mistake. The endless arguments made the Song Dynasty waver between the two opinions, neither joining the Jin Dynasty to fight against Mongolia, nor joining the Meng Dynasty to destroy the Jin Dynasty. However, with the advance of the war between Mongolia and Jin Dynasty, Zhao Yun finally made a decision.

In December of the fifth year of shaoding (1232), Mongolia sent Wang Wei to Jinghu to discuss the cooperation between song and Mongolia and attack Jin Dynasty. When Shi Songzhi, the commander of Jinghu system, reported to the central government, most of the ministers in the current Dynasty agreed that this move could bring shame to Jingkang. Only Zhao fan disagreed and advocated that the lessons of Huizong maritime alliance should be learned. LiZong, who had always cherished the ambition of rejuvenation, regarded it as a good opportunity to build immortal achievements, and let Shi Song's envoy agree to Mongolia's request. Mongolia promised to return Henan to the Song Dynasty after the destruction of the Jin Dynasty, but the two sides did not reach a written agreement on the ownership of Henan, only an oral agreement, which left a huge future trouble.

When the 40 Mongolians came to the Southern Song Dynasty, they tried their best to win the support of the United Kingdom of Xia and song. The reason of nature is that the lips are dead and the teeth are cold. If you are in harmony with me, you are also in harmony with me. " It means that supporting the Jin Dynasty is actually helping the Song Dynasty defend its own country. LiZong refused Jin aizong's request.

Li Zong appointed Shi Songzhi as the governor of Jinghu, who also knew Xiangyang Prefecture and presided over the elimination of gold. In the sixth year of shaoding (1233), the song army sent troops to capture Dengzhou and other places, broke through the Wuxian headquarters of the Jin army in Madeng mountain, and conquered tangzhou, cutting off the escape route of Jin aizong. In October, Shi Song ordered the army of Jinghu, Ma Qian, to take charge of Meng Gongtong's 20000 troops, and jointly besieged caizhou with the Mongolian army.

In the first month of the first year of Duanping (1234), caizhou city was broken down and jinaizong hanged himself. Yan Chenglin, the late emperor, was killed by disorderly soldiers, and the state of Jin was destroyed.

Duanping enters Luo

In March of the first year of Duanping (1234), LiZong sent people to Henan to pay a visit to the imperial mausoleum of the Northern Song Dynasty and restored it to a certain extent. Soon after, Zhao Yun presented the remains of Jin AI Zong to the temple to comfort the spirits of emperor Hui and Emperor Qin.

When song and Meng joined hands to destroy the Jin Dynasty, they did not make clear the ownership of Henan. After the death of Jin Dynasty, the Mongolian army withdrew to the north, and Henan Province was empty. In May of the first year of Duanping (1234), LiZong appointed Zhao Kui as the commander and Quan Zicai as the vanguard. Zhao fan controlled the army and horses of Jianghuai and officially issued an imperial edict to send troops to Henan. It was not long before quanzi regained the guide mansion in Nanjing. On July 5, the song army entered Kaifeng. After Quan Zicai occupied Kaifeng, the rear did not deliver food and grass in time, so Quan Zicai could not continue to March, which delayed the war. Half a month later, Zhao Kui divided his army into two groups, and continued to march to Luoyang without paying for food. When the song army arrived in Luoyang, it was ambushed by the Mongolian army, suffered heavy losses, and withdrew in embarrassment. Zhao Kui and Quan Zi, who were left in Tokyo, saw that the fighter plane had been lost, and that they were not able to keep their food and pay, so they led their troops back to the south. The song army in other areas also retreated completely, and the hope of the Southern Song Dynasty's monarchs and ministers to restore their homeland failed again.

The failure of "Duanping's entry into Luo" caused heavy losses in the Southern Song Dynasty. Tens of thousands of elite soldiers died in the war, and a large amount of materials were put into water, which seriously weakened the national strength of the Southern Song Dynasty. More importantly, "Duanping entering Luoyang" made Mongolia find an excuse to attack the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Song Mongolian war broke out in an all-round way. Both the government and the public talked about the failure of sending troops to Henan Province and the serious consequences caused by it. To this situation, LiZong had to issue an edict to punish himself and review his own mistakes in order to calm the people.

Mass rape and disorderly administration

In the later period of LiZong's administration, he was tired of the government and pursued the voice and color. At first, he let Ding Daquan, Ma Tianji and Dong songchen mess with the government. Later, he handed over the government to Jia Sidao. He did not have the spirit of striving for governance when Duanping changed. He indulged in poetry and wine every day. At the same time, he began to pursue luxury and luxury. He built large-scale buildings in Lin'an, built Buddhist temples and Taoist temples, prayed for longevity, and built pavilions and pavilions for pleasure.

Yan Guifei was the favorite concubine in LiZong's later years. She was charming and graceful at the beginning. In September of 1249, Emperor LiZong appointed Yan as his concubine and bestowed numerous rewards on her. Yan Guifei wanted to build a Gongde temple. LiZong did not hesitate to use the national treasury to send officials to collect wood for the temple, which made the people restless. It took three years to build the Gongde temple, which was more expensive and magnificent than the Gongde Temple of our ancestors.

Just when these people were good at using power, someone wrote eight words on the door of the court: "Yan Ma Ding Dang, the country will die", implying that Yan Guifei, Ma Tianji, Ding Daquan, and Dong songchen were interfering with power and politics. This slogan is a slap in the face to LiZong, warning him that the fate of the country will be unimaginable if he indulges in treachery.

LiZong angrily instructs Lin'an government to investigate, but nothing is found. He also felt that the government and the opposition were strongly dissatisfied with his indulgence and took some measures. In the fifth year of Baoyou (1257), Ma Tianji was dismissed by LiZong after only eight months in power. The next year, Mongolia invaded the Song Dynasty in an all-round way, and Ding Daquan concealed military information, which made the border defense tight. In the first year of Kaiqing (1259), someone once again wrote a letter accusing Ding Daquan and Dong songchen of bringing disaster to the country and the people. LiZong dismissed Ding Daquan. In 1262, Ding Daquan was drowned by the escorted generals on the way to the island. Yan Guifei died in 1260. But to Dong songchen, LiZong tried every means to protect him. First, he was transferred from Hemen to calm down the public opinion, and soon he was reinstated. Since then, Dong songchen has been under the protection of LiZong. He died a few months earlier than LiZong. LiZong specially presented Jiedushi to express his love for this slave.

He died of serious illness

When Zhao Yun was seriously ill, he issued an imperial edict to invite famous doctors from all over the country to treat his illness, but no one applied. On November 16, 1264, Zhao Yun died of illness. He had been in office for 40 years and was 60 years old. Zhao Yi, the prince of the imperial edict, was the emperor. In March of the first year of Xianchun (1265), he was buried in yongmu, Kuaiji Prefecture

Chinese PinYin : Song Li Zong