Mingyuzhen

Mingyuzhen

Ming Yuzhen (October 2, 1329 - March 17, 1366), formerly known as Yuzhen, was born in Suizhou (now Suizhou, Hubei Province) of Huguang Suizhou, and was the leader of the rebel army at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.

In 1351, the peasant war broke out at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. Yuzhen of the Ming Dynasty gathered more than 1000 soldiers to settle in Qingshan and built a fence. In the winter of the 13th year of Zhizheng (or the 12th year of Zhizheng), he joined the West Tianwan red scarf army led by Xu Shouhui and served as marshal. In the summer of the 20th year of Zhizheng reign, Chen Youliang killed Xu Shouhui and made himself Emperor. Ming Yuzhen didn't agree with him and didn't communicate with him. He called himself the king of Longshu. Later, Liu Zhen and others supported the establishment of emperor, the national name of Daxia, the capital of Chongqing.

In the spring of 1366, Yuzhen of Ming Dynasty died of illness and was named Taizu. She was 38 years old. After Zi Ming ascended to the throne, the great Xia state was destroyed by Zhu Yuanzhang.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Ming Yuzhen, a native of Suizhou (now suixian County, Hubei Province), was born on September 9, the second year of yuantianli (October 2, 1329). She has been farming for generations. "She is more than eight feet long, and her eyes are heavy on her pupils. She has always had great ambition" and "takes faith as the service of the local party".

Zhizheng 11 years (1351), Xu Shouhui troops, Ming Yuzhen set more than 1000 soldiers, tunqingshan, Jiege self solid.

In the winter of the 13th year of Zhizheng (1353), Xu Shouhui called himself Emperor and sent people to surrender to Ming Yuzhen, saying, "if you come, you will be rich. If you don't come, you will be slaughtered." Ming Yuzhen led people to surrender to Xu Shouhui and served as the commander of the general army. He was subordinate to Ni Wenjun's department and stationed in Mianyang. When he fought with general hamatu of Yuan Dynasty in the lake, he was shot in the right eye by liuya. After the injury, he became blind in the right eye, so he was also called "mingyanzi".

In 1355, Ni Wenjun conquered Mianyang again. Mianyang suffered from floods year after year, so he ordered Ming Yuzhen to lead more than 10000 people and 50 ships to go up the shuojiang River to raise food in Wuxia. Ming Yuzhen had strict military discipline and never committed any crimes. She was promoted to the top general of Fengguo and marshal of Tongbing capital by her military achievements.

Establish a business in Bashu

In 1357, Ni Wenjun conquered xiazhou (now Yichang, Hubei Province) and ordered Ming Yuzhen to lead the Navy (50 ships) to plunder Liangchuan and Xiajian and prepare to return them. In the Yuan Dynasty, all the soldiers who finished the work of Youcheng, the provincial governor of Sichuan Province, recruited soldiers in Chongqing. Yang Han, the commander of Yibing, led 5000 soldiers from xipingzhai (now Songzi, Hubei Province) to join the army, and stationed troops in Jiangbei. All the soldiers who finished the work pretended to buy wine to entertain them, but killed them at the dinner to annex their troops. Yang Han's subordinates "all the soldiers were angry, so they let the boat go down the gorge". Yang Han's headquarters left Xiaqu and said to Ming Yuzhen, "there are no heavy soldiers in Chongqing. Those who finish are not equal to zuocheng hamatu, the provincial governor of Sichuan Province. If they don't want to attack them when they go back to the ship, they can have them." Ming Yuzhen hesitated, and Dai Shou suggested that it was a good time to attack Chongqing. He said, "if you attack Chongqing, you will be able to help you to occupy Shu. If you do not return, you will not be damaged." the water army can be divided into two teams. One team will return grain to Mianyang, and the other team will join Yang Han's forces to attack Chongqing. If you do not succeed, you will plunder property and return it.

Following Dai Shou's advice, Ming Yuzhen decided to lead the army from Wuxia to conquer Kuizhou (today's Fengjie in Chongqing) and Wanzhou, and then attack Chongqing. After defeating the capital, he captured hamatu alive for Xu Shouhui. Ming Yuzhen first defeated the Qingjin army led by Li Xixi in Puzhou (now Anyue, Sichuan) and took advantage of the situation to occupy Luzhou and Xunan (now Yibin, Sichuan). Xu Shouhui successively appointed him as the consolation envoy of liangjiangdao in Guangxi and the provincial governor of Longshu and Sichuan to participate in politics

In the 18th year of Zhizheng reign (1358), the WANs all integrated their troops in Guozhou (now Nanchong, Sichuan). They joined hands with Sichuan to fight against Zhang Langge and Zhao Zi. They Tun Jiading (now Leshan, Sichuan) great Buddhist temple to seek Chongqing. Ming Yuzhen sent Wansheng to resist. Wansheng besieged Jiading and failed to conquer it for half a year, so Ming Yuzhen personally led the army to fight. Ming Yuzhen sent Wansheng light soldiers to attack Chengdu, Sichuan, and then sent troops to attack Longzhou (now Jiangyou, Sichuan), Xingyuan (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi) and gongchang (now Longxi, Gansu). Wan Sheng captured yuan general Lang Geyin and Zhao Zi's wife alive in Chengdu. Lang Geyin's wife sank in the river. Wan Sheng took Zhao Zi's wife to Jiading city to recruit Zhao Zi, but Zhao Zi shot his wife to death with an arrow. After conquering Jiading City, mingyuzhen took wanzhedu, langgehan and Zhaozi back to Chongqing and imprisoned them in Zhiping Temple (now Luohan temple in Chongqing) for his own use. The three men swore not to surrender, but they were beheaded in the city and buried with ceremony, which Shu people called "three loyalties". So the counties of Sichuan came one after another. When I passed Luzhou and visited Liu Zhen, a Jinshi of the Yuan Dynasty, I was overjoyed and said, "I have a Kong Ming."

In 1360, Chen Youliang killed Xu Shouhui and established himself as emperor. Ming Yuzhen broke off the relationship with Chen Youliang and ordered Mo Renshou to stay in Kuimen, not to communicate with him. He called himself the king of Longshu. He took Liu Zhen as his adviser and established Xu Shouhui temple in the south of Chongqing City. At four o'clock, he offered sacrifices and respected him as emperor Yingtian Qiyun.

In the 22nd year of Zhizheng (1362), the king of Liang attacked Wansheng with zalawalmi and Duan Gong, the general manager of Dali. Wansheng was isolated and helpless, so he returned. On March 3 (March 29) of the same year, Ming Yuzhen was supported by Liu Zhen and others as emperor. Daxia, the name of the state, took the restoration of the rule of the Han Dynasty as the call, and established Tiantong as the capital of Chongqing. Ming Yuzhen made his wife Peng the queen and Zi Ming the prince. According to the system of Zhou Dynasty, there were six Qing officials, Liu Zhen as the patriarch. There were eight Shu areas, namely, shangchuanxidao, xiachuanxidao, shangchuanbeidao, xiachuanbeidao, shangchuandongdao, xiachuandongdao, shangchuannandao and xiachuannandao, with the names of prefectures and counties. Wan Sheng sent troops from Xingyuan (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province) to atakan, defeated the yuan army, captured more than ten thousand men and horses, and defeated puyanda, marquis Zhang of Yuanping.

In 1363, Yuzhen of Ming Dynasty sent Wan Sheng to take the lead from Xunan (now Yibin, Sichuan), Zou Xing from Jianchang (now Xichang, Sichuan), and Zhima Li from Bafan (Huishui, Guizhou). Wan Sheng went deep alone and captured Zhongqing Road, the capital of Yunnan (now Kunming), forcing Liang Wang to flee to Jinma mountain. Over the past year, Wang Liang and Dali's soldiers defeated Wan Sheng, who was led back by a lone army. Zou Xing was sent to Bazhou (now Bazhong, Sichuan). For a long time, Fu Geng Liu Qing was the Privy Council of Zhongshu province. Dai Shou and Sima Wansheng were the prime ministers on the left and right. Sikou told Daheng and Sikong Zhang Wenbing about the Privy Council Affairs. Situ zouxing was in Chengdu, situ Wu Youren in Baoning (now Langzhong, Sichuan), Sikou Mo Renshou in kuiguan, Deng Yuanheng in Tongzhou (now Tongjiang, Sichuan), Dou Ying in Bozhou (now Zunyi, Guizhou), and Xuan He comforted Jing Yu, guarded Yongning (now Xuyong, Sichuan), Xuanwei, shangximeng, and guarded Qiannan. In the winter of this year, Jiang Jue, a former subordinate of Xu Shouhui, came to Chongqing to pay tribute. Ming Yuzhen ordered him to garrison Yiling (now Yichang, Hubei).

Ming Yuzhen sent Jiang Yan to take part in politics to make friends with Zhu Yuanzhang, and Taizu sent sun yanghao to report his appointment. He left Yuzhen's book saying: "I'm in Xishu, and I'm on the left side of the river. I'm similar to Sun Quan and Liu Bei of Han Dynasty. Wang Baobao's ambition was not under Cao Cao's command. He had counsellors such as you (Xun you) and Yu (Xun Yu), and powerful generals such as Liao (Zhang Liao) and Yu (Zhang Yu), so that they could rest in peace. I'd like to learn from sun and Liu's engulfment. " Since then, messengers have been coming and going.

Death

On February 6, 1366 (March 17, 1366), Ming Yuzhen died of illness at the age of 38. The will ministers will stick to the Chongqing Sichuan area, do not enter the Central Plains. His posthumous title is emperor Zhaowu of Qinwen, and his temple title is Taizu. In September of the same year, he was buried in Baogai mausoleum, Jiangbei District, Chongqing. Zi Mingsheng succeeded to the throne at the age of 10. His mother Peng was in charge of the government and changed the Yuan Dynasty to Kaixi.

In 1369, Zhu Yuanzhang sent envoys to persuade him to surrender, but Ming Sheng refused. In the spring of 1371, Zhu Yuanzhang sent Tang He, Liao Yongzhong and Fu Youde to lead the expedition to the state of Xia, and the Xia army was defeated. In June of the same year, Ming soldiers arrived in Chongqing, Ming rose and fell, and Xia died. The next year, according to the statistics of the Ministry of household of the Ming Dynasty, there were more than 84000 households in Chongqing and Sichuan, of which more than 23000 households were occupied by Daxia officials.

Historical evaluation

Fang Xiaoru: Xia Zhu Fang intended to take charge of Shu, and the subjects of each county were abused by Qingjin (referring to the Qingjin army led by Li Xixi). He was lucky to be thrifty, to promote culture and education, to create heresy, to reduce taxes, and to rely on a well-off society. Although the past years are not forever, the people still sigh that they can't do their best in literature and CI.

Zhang Tingyu: in Ming Dynasty, Yuzhen was not far away, but she was frugal, studious and frugal. After he ascended the throne, he set up the Imperial College, taught the children of Gongqing, set up the professor of tijusi, built the ancestral temple of sheji, pursued elegant music, promoted scholars, and set taxes. When the people of Shu know it, they will be at ease. All Liu Zhen's plans.

Zhang Tingyu: Guozhen was the first to be in chaos, but she had no faith again and again, but she got a good death. Taking advantage of the situation, Yuzhen took a separate position and arrogated the title of the second.

The true record of emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty: he was frugal and good at literature. After Li Xixi's cruelty, Shu people relied on him to be rough and peaceful.

Fu Weilin: generous style, benevolence and righteousness, grand plan and elegant Festival, it is enough to be called Yan. It is dangerous to gain a long-term basis, to reject the ill treatment and abuse, to reduce the taxes on the virtuous, to be gentle in culture and education, and to take the responsibility of Sichuan brocade as a solid foundation. To control the whole Shu, it is necessary to lay stress on the rules and regulations, and to be strong in hegemony.

Family members

wife

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Brown's

Son

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Mingsheng, Mingzhong and Mingzhao (adopted son)

Textual research on surnames

Ming Yuzhen's original surname is "Ming", but there is one explanation that Yuzhen's surname is "Min".

According to the Ming genealogy in the 20th year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1484), "my surname originated from the Bai Li Meng Ming of the Ji surname, and took the word as the surname, so Ming was my surname. My family lived in the plain and then moved to Wuxing. Our ancestors, Yuzhengong, moved from Wu Xing to Qinghe for hundreds of years, and then to Emei, Sichuan Province. Yuzhengong was called emperor Chongqing and named Daxia. " All the surnames of Pingyuan county and Wuxing county have no "Min" surname. In the eight surnames of Wuxing county at that time, there was only "Ming" surname, which shows that "Ming Yuzhen's surname is Ming"

According to South Korea's "Ming's Datong Genealogy - Renshen genealogy preface": "only I, Ming's genealogy comes from

Chinese PinYin : Ming Yu Zhen