Wang Su

Wang Su

Wang Su (195-256), Zi Yong, was born in Tancheng County, Donghai County (now Tancheng County, Linyi City, Shandong Province). During the Three Kingdoms period, he was a minister and Confucian scholar of the state of Wei, son of situ Wang Lang and father-in-law of Sima Zhao, Emperor Wen of Jin Dynasty.

Wang Su was born in the Wang family of Donghai and studied under the great Confucian song Zhong. In his early years, he was a servant of Sanqi Huangmen and a Marquis of Lanling. He has served as a regular official of Sanqi, a Secretary Supervisor, and a wine worshipper of Chongwen hall. He repeatedly suggested that the current political situation should be open to the emperor Guangping and Yin of Henan Province. Cao Fang, the king of Qi, was abolished to welcome Cao Mao, the noble Duke, to succeed him. He helped the general Sima Shi to calm down Wu Qiujian's rebellion and married his daughter to Sima Zhao. He led the army and served on horseback. In the first year of Ganlu (256), Wang Su died at the age of 62. He was given the title of "King" to general Wei.

Wang Su annotated Qun Jing all over the world to synthesize the study of ancient and modern literary classics. Relying on its profound cultural heritage, the book of rites, Zuozhuan, Guoyu and so on, compiled the Confucian family language to promote moral values, and incorporated the Confucian spirit into the official school. Its annotated classics are called "Wang School". In the Tang Dynasty, as "twenty-two sages", they were entitled to Confucius Temple. During the reign of emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, he was awarded to Sikong.

(picture in overview source:)

Life of the characters

Early experience

Wang Su, the eldest son of Wang Lang, was born in Kuaiji prefecture (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). When he was 18 years old, he studied taixuan with song Zhong, a great Confucian, and annotated it. In the early Huang Dynasty (220-226), Wang Su served as a servant of Sanqi Huangmen. In the second year of Taihe (228), Wang Lang died, and Wang Su inherited his position as Marquis of Lanling. in the third year of Taihe period (229), he was promoted to the rank of official.

On the administration of the imperial court

In the fourth year of Taihe (230), the great Sima Cao Zhen led the army to attack the Shu Han, and Wang Su dissuaded him. At the same time, the autumn rain continued, and the plank road was cut off. In addition, the Taiwei Hua Xin also dissuaded him. Wang Su also said: "we should follow the old rites, mourn for the ministers who have passed away, and offer fruits to the ancestral temple." All these things were carried out. Wang Su also stated that the government should abolish and merge the redundant officials, reduce the unnecessary salaries and stop the unnecessary expenses. He also proposed to restore the ancient system of five days and one dynasty. In the second year of Qinglong (234), Liu Xie, the Duke of Shanyang, died. Wang sushangshu thought that he should be given the posthumous title of "emperor". Wei Ming emperor did not agree, so he named him emperor Xiaoxian of Han Dynasty. Later, Wang Su served as Secretary Supervisor and chongwenguan sacrificial wine. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty (237-239), the Ming emperor overhauled the palace, which made the people unable to concentrate on agricultural production. However, there was no time limit for their service and the penalty was too arbitrary. Wang Su wrote a letter to Emperor Ming, and thought that we could abandon the food, grass and manpower spent on birds and animals. The Ming emperor also discussed with Wang Su the Shangshu that the white horse of the Eastern Han Dynasty ordered Li Yun to give to Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty. Wang Su thought that although Li Yun's words were extreme, Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty was also intolerant of killing Li Yun, which was not correct. When it comes to Sima Qian, the Ming emperor thinks that Sima Qian wrote "historical records" to slander Hanwu emperor, but Wang Su thinks that Sima Qian is a talent of good history. It is Hanwu emperor who deeply resents Hanjing emperor and his own discipline, not Sima Qian.

In and out of work

In the first year of Zhengshi (240 years), Wang Su was appointed as the prefect of Guangping. Later, due to official business, he was returned to Ren Yilang. Soon after that, he was transferred to serve as a servant, and then he was transferred too often. At that time, Cao Shuang, the general of the army, had the exclusive power to reuse He Yan and Deng Yang. Wang Su once talked about the current politics with Taiwei Jiang Ji and Da Si Nong Huan fan. Wang Su solemnly said, "these people (He Yan, etc.) are of the same kind as Honggong and Shi Xian. Is it worth praising?" After hearing this, Cao Shuang told he Yanren and others, "you should be more careful! The ministers have compared you to the villains of the previous generation. " Wang Su was later dismissed because of mistakes in offering sacrifices to the ancestral temple, and later served as Guanglu Xun. In the fourth year of Jiaping (252), two one foot long fish jumped onto the roof of the armory. Many people think this is a sign of good luck. Wang Su said: "fish should live in water, but now they are on the roof. This is the place where Jialin animals lose their livelihood. Could it be that the garrison generals should have failed? " Soon, there was a defeat in the battle of Dongguan. After Yin changed his post to Henan.

psychological offense is the best of tactics

In the sixth year of Jiaping (254), Sima Shi abolished Cao Fang and took up the post of Taichang with Wang Su. He escorted FA Jia to meet Cao Shao in Yuancheng. In the same year, there was a white air passing through the sky. Sima Shi asked Wang Su about the cause of this phenomenon. Wang Su replied, "this is the flag of Chiyou. There will be a rebellion in the southeast. If you personally pacify the people, the world will be stable and the rebellion will perish first. " In the spring of the second year of Zhengyuan (255), Wu Qiujian, a general of Zhendong, and Wen Qin, a governor of Yangzhou, rebelled. Sima Shi asked Ji Yu Wang Su. Wang Su believed that the families of Huainan soldiers were in the mainland, so as long as they were quickly stopped, their troops would collapse. Sima Shi adopted Wang Su's tactics, and finally defeated Wu Qiujian and Wen Qin, calming down the rebellion. Wang Su later moved to be the leader of the central army, and led the cavalry to serve the local people. He increased the number of households in the city by 300, and the former number was 2200.

Sorrow and glory after death

In the first year of Ganlu (256), Wang Su died at the age of 62. Hundreds of his students buried him. The imperial court bestowed the posthumous title of Jinghou on general Wei. The Marquis of Lanling was inherited by his son Wang Yun. After Wang Yun died, he had no son, and the vassal state was revoked because of his hereditary severance. In the fourth year of Jingyuan (263), the imperial court appointed Wang Xun, King Suzi, as the Marquis of Lanling. In the first year of Xianxi's reign (264), the fifth rank nobility system was established. Because of Wang Su's outstanding achievements in the previous dynasty, Wang Xun was renamed the son of Cheng county.

Main achievements

Ideas and propositions

Wang Su not only opposed Zheng Xue in the annotation of classics, but also gained official academic status. At the same time, in order to further express his own ideas and establish a theoretical basis for his thoughts, he forged Confucius Congzi and shengzheng Lun by borrowing the words of Confucius and his descendants. Although most of these remarks are from previous books and seem to be copied, there are many changes and many of his own words. He used the sage's words to make his argument, which was a means in the form of Confucian canon status respect; he used the sage's words to say what he wanted to say. In Confucius' family language and Confucius Congzi, he discussed the thoughts, methods and personnel of governing the country from different angles. In the name of respecting Confucius and Confucianism, the idea of "rule by doing nothing" of Taoism was included and became a fusion of new ideas in the new era. This is also one of the important reasons why Wang Su overthrew Zheng Xuan academically and was able to be listed as an official. It reflects the ideological characteristics of the era of transition from Confucian classics to metaphysics. In addition to annotating classics and forging Confucius Congzi, Wang Su also made suggestions to the rulers on current affairs in his political career, and showed the positive attitude of Confucianism in joining the WTO. Wang Su's academic activities not only made people doubt the authority of Zheng Xuan's Confucian classics, but also influenced Wang Bi, he Yan and other representatives of Wei Jin metaphysics. Starting from the interests of the ruling class and in order to maintain the traditional Confucianism, he integrated the Taoist View of heaven and the political thought of governing by inaction into Confucianism, which reflected that Confucianism was close to Taoism during the Han and Wei dynasties, and it could be said that it was the forerunner of the change of academic atmosphere.

Political views

Wang Su led the Secretary's prison for nearly ten years. At that time, Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei Dynasty, set up a secretary order under the control of Shaofu. This system was inconvenient to the development of the book industry. After he took up the post of Secretary Supervisor, the above table thinks that the secretary position is closer to the monarch than Shangshu, Yushi and yezhe. Zhongshulang's status is in shangshucheng and shangshulang, and the Secretary Lang should be under shangshulang, otherwise he should be under shiyushi. The salary of secretary Lang is four Baishi, promotion should be the same as shangshulang. When you go out, you should be the prefect of the county. This is the imperial edict of your majesty to respect Confucianism. Since Wang Su became the Secretary Supervisor, he was not under the management of Shaofu, which improved the status of the Secretary Supervisor, so that later generations called this position as the aesthetic position. Wang Su was an official all his life. He was a close official of the emperor. He lived in a high temple and talked to heaven. He wrote many memorials, discussed politics and gave advice to the inner court. He made great contributions to the construction of the Wei regime. His series of political propositions, such as "light corvee", "safe common people", "cautious punishment", "heavy credit", "advocating thrift" and "simple Palace", were not only necessary for the social situation at that time, but also reflected Wang Su's inheritance of Confucius thought and promoted the stability and development of the country. These propositions were beneficial to the common people who suffered from the war and were trapped in the land where the people did not chat at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and played a role in social stability to a certain extent.

personal works

There are more than 20 kinds of Wang Su's works, and more than 190 volumes, all of which are lost. Ma guohan's Yu Han Shan Fang Ji Yi Shu collects two volumes of his lost works: notes to Wang of Zhou Yi, notes to Wang of Li Ji, notes to Wang of Shang Shu, notes to Wang of Zhou Yi, refutation of Mao Shi Yi, notes to Mao Shi Zou Shi, questions about Mao Shi, notes to Wang of mourning Jing, notes to Wang of mourning Jing, notes to Wang of Zuo Zhuan of Chun Qiu, notes to Wang of Analects of Confucius and filial piety Jing Wang Shi Jie, Sheng Zheng Lun and Prince Zheng Lun have one volume each, and Mao Shi Wang Shi Zhu has four volumes, totally 15 kinds and 21 volumes. In addition, there is "Confucius family language", whose annotation version is now handed down. There are also more than 100 works about the imperial court's Canon system, suburban worship, ancestral temple, light and heavy, etc. In addition, it is also recorded in Quan San Guo Wen that Wang Su annotated Shu, Shi, Lun Yu, San Li and Zuo Shi Chun Qiu Zhuan, and that his father Wang Lang's Yi Zhuan was carried out officially. There are also twelve volumes of shengzhenglun, ten volumes of Zhenglun and five volumes of anthology. "the whole three languages" also includes "Gehu Fu", "please hang a watch for Da Sima Cao Zhen Lin"

Chinese PinYin : Wang Su