Lin Bu

Lin Bu

Lin Fu (967-1028), whose name is Junfu, is a famous recluse poet of the Northern Song Dynasty.

When I was a child, I was diligent and eager to learn, and I knew a hundred classics and history. The nature of the book is aloof and self-sufficient. It likes tranquility and does not seek glory and profit. After growing up, he wandered between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, then lived in seclusion in the West Lake of Hangzhou, Jielu solitary mountain. He often travels around the temples of the West Lake in a boat and goes back with his eminent monks and friends. Every time a guest arrives, he asks the boy to let the crane fly. When Lin Bu sees the crane, he will come back by boat. Poetry is abandoned and never retained. He died in the sixth year of Tiansheng (1028). His nephews Lin Zhang (chaosan doctor) and Lin bin (Yingzhou decree) went to Hangzhou to attend the funeral. Song Renzong granted his posthumous title "Hejing".

Lin Fu lived in seclusion in the lonely mountain of West Lake. He never became an official or married. He only liked to plant plum trees and raise cranes. He called himself "wife of plum trees and son of cranes" and called himself "wife of plum trees and son of cranes".

(photo source: the portrait of Lin Hejing, a biography of ancient sages compiled by Gu Yuan in Qing Dynasty)

Life of the characters

Lin Zhen is a scholar of mechanics, good at antiquity, and a master of classics. The nature of the book is aloof and self-interest, happy and indifferent, willing to be poor, and not seeking glory and profit. He lived in seclusion in the West Lake of Hangzhou after he was over 40 years old. He often travels around the temples of the West Lake in a boat and goes back with his eminent monks and friends. With Hushan as a companion, it is said that for more than 20 years, it is not as good as the city. Every time a guest arrives, he asks the boy to let the crane fly. When Lin Bu sees the crane, he will come back by boat. Wang Sui, the prime minister, and Xue Ying, the Sheriff of Hangzhou, both respected him and loved his poems. They tended to sing in harmony with him and gave him money to rebuild his new house. He is in harmony with Fan Zhongyan and Mei Yaochen.

In the fifth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1012), Zhenzong heard his name, gave him millet silk, and ordered Fu and Xian to save it. Although he is grateful, he is not proud of it. Many people urged him to become an official, but they were politely declined, saying: "however, my ambition is not suitable for my family, nor for my fame and wealth. I only feel that green mountains and green waters are suitable for me." Lin Bu was not an official, married or childless all his life. He only liked to plant plum trees and raise cranes. He called himself "plum as his wife and crane as his son" and "plum wife and crane as his son".

As an old man, he built his own tomb on the side of Lu, and wrote a poem: "the green hills on the lake are opposite to the Jielu, and the bamboo in front of the tomb is rusty. When Maoling asked for the manuscripts in the future, he was still glad that there had been no Fengchan book. " Poetry is abandoned and never retained. Someone asked, "why not record it to show the future generations?" The answer is: "we have hidden places in forests and valleys, and we don't want to be named after poems for a while. What about later generations?" More than 300 of them were handed down to the world. In 1028, his nephew Lin Zhang (chaosan doctor) and Lin bin (yingzhouling) went to Hangzhou to attend the funeral ceremony. Zhou for the news, Renzong mourn, granted posthumous title "Mr. Hejing", buried in the side of Gushan old house.

Main achievements

Lin Fu is good at painting, but he never passes on painting. Gongxingcao's calligraphy is thin, vigorous and vigorous. The style is similar to ouyangxun's and Li Jianzhong's, but the Qingjin's is especially wonderful. Long as a poem, its language is lonely and dreary. It writes its own mind and has many strange sentences, but it has never been preserved. The style is clear and far away. It mainly describes the beautiful scenery of the West Lake, reflecting the seclusion life and leisure interest. For example, the poem of the seven rhythms, the solitary mountain temple's upper room, is a typical embodiment of its poetic style. In the poem "Xiaomei in the garden of mountains", the two sentences of "thin shadow slants horizontally, clear water, faint fragrance floats in the evening of the moon" successfully depict the elegant demeanor of the plum blossom, which is known as the "eternal song of plum blossom".

Lu You said that his calligraphy is superior to others. Su Shi highly praised Lin Fu's poems, books and character, and wrote a postscript to his book: "poems are like Dongye (Mengjiao) without cold words, and books like Liutai (Li Jianzhong) without meat." Huang Tingjian said: "Jun Fu's calligraphy is superior to others. When you see it, you will get better without medicine, and you will be hungry without food." Ming Shen Zhou poetry said: "I love Weng, the book is thin and hard, the cloud is full, the West Lake is green. Xitai Shaorou is a true comment. Several lines of Qingying contain ice jade. It's like the wind Festival overflows, and the word "Weng" is absolutely vulgar. ". There are only three existing works of Lin Fu's calligraphy, among which the self written poetry is the longest.

Anecdotes and allusions

take a plum tree for one 's wife and cranes for children -- a lofty scholar

Lin Bu was not an official, married or childless all his life. He only liked to plant plum trees and raise cranes. He called himself "plum as his wife and crane as his son" and "plum wife and crane as his son".

Some scholars have made textual research on Lin Fu's plum planting in Gushan. They think that Lin Fu only planted one plum plant in his Gushan before he died, and this has always been the case. It's not as many as three or five hundred as people often say. Please refer to Cheng Jie's research on plum blossom scenic spots in Gushan, West Lake, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Social Sciences, No. 12, 2008; distinguishing Lin Bu's plum planting deeds in Gushan, Journal of College of Arts, Nanjing Normal University, No. 3, 2010.

To be buried with

After the Song Dynasty went to the south, Hangzhou became the imperial capital. The royal temple was ordered to be built on the isolated mountain, and the original homestead and cemetery on the mountain were completely moved out, but only Lin Bu's tomb was left. And this also brought the last disaster to Lin bu. Zhang Dai said in a dream of the west lake that after the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, some grave robbers thought Lin Bu was a famous man, and there must be a lot of treasures in the tomb, so they went to dig. But in the tomb, only a Duan inkstone and a jade hairpin were buried.

Relative members

Ancestors

In the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties, Lin Fengzu moved from Fujian to Huangxian village in Dali (now Huangxian village, Qiucun Town, Fenghua District). He is the 12th grandson of the Lin family. His former residence is in damao'ao, Fenghua.

The preface to the genealogy of the Lin family of Huang Xian begins: "Huang Xian is also named after the hermit of the four haos of the Han Dynasty and the Duke Huang of the Xia Dynasty Lin's family has lived here since the Five Dynasties. " The Lin family lived in Changle County, Fujian Province. During the Five Dynasties, Lin Deng, the tenth ancestor of the Lin family, lived in Fujian Province. He married Zhao family and had four sons, namely Lin Chuan, Lin Chuan, Lin Li and Lin Yu. After that, the four sons moved from Fujian to eastern Zhejiang, where Chuan lived in xiangjiming mountain; Chuan lived in Baoer mountain of Lin family in Fenghua; Li and Χ lived together in damai'ao of Huangxian in Fenghua, becoming the ancestor of Lin family in Huangxian village. He pointed out that the Lin Bu family lived in Changle, Fujian Province.

According to the collection of the West Lake, Lin Fu's grandfather was Keji, who served as king Qian Liu of Wu and Yue in the Five Dynasties and was "a scholar of Confucianism".

1. According to the 22nd quotation (song Linhong) of Shuo Ying (collected by Hanfen Lou), the first Taizu (Zan) lived in Xiaojing in Tang Dynasty, the seventh ancestor lived in Gushan, and He Jing was posthumous in the state Dynasty. Gao Zuqing, Shao, and all his ancestors are officials. "

2. According to the biography of pogong, pogong (401 A.D.), the fourth grandson of Duke Lu, raised Xiaolian and was a member of Hu á n's family to fight against Jin Dynasty. He was dissatisfied with the current political situation and lived in seclusion in wendiling, Wansong, Hangzhou. His wife, Zheng, gave birth to two sons, Gao Zhi and Yuan Zhi, and his descendant, Lin bu.

later generations

According to Shi Hongbao's Fujian miscellany, in the 25th year of Jiaqing Dynasty, Lin Zexu was appointed to Hangzhou Jiahu Road, Zhejiang Province. He personally presided over the reconstruction of Lin Hejing tomb, Fanghe Pavilion, Chaoju Pavilion and other historic sites in Gushan, Hangzhou. A tablet was found, which recorded that Lin Hejing had descendants. According to Shi Hongbao's analysis, Lin Hejing did not marry, but did not continue to marry after he lost his spouse. He lived in seclusion as a "plum wife and crane son" from other families. (compared with the third reading, it is too hasty to analyze whether Lin Keshan married or not. In ancient times, the theory of adoption is understandable. However, because Lin Bu's Seventh Sun Lin Jing went to Japan eastward, he became the founder of Japanese steamed bread, which has his own records, while Lin Hong has no genealogical records.)

Second: "history of the Song Dynasty" volume 457: "Lin Bu, the word Jun Fu, Hangzhou Qiantang people (a Fenghua Huang Xian ren). Shaogu, mechanics, is not a chapter. Yan ruye was a man of tranquil nature, good antiquity, prosperous fortune, poor family and insufficient food and clothing. In the first 20 years, it was not as good as the city. Zhenzong heard his name and gave him millet and silk. When he was old, he asked Lao. When Xue Ying and Li Ji were in Hangzhou, every time they built their own house, they spent all their time talking. Taste from the tomb in its Lu side. On his deathbed is a poem, with the sentence "Maoling asked for a manuscript in the future, but he still liked that there was no Fengchan book.". Since his death, Zhou was the first to hear, Renzong mourned, and was granted the posthumous title of Mr. Hejing, and Su silk If he doesn't marry, he has no son. He teaches his brother to forgive him and becomes a scholar. Yu Zi's great year, quite Jie Jie was happy. When he was Emperor Yingzong, he served as a royal censor. He was even removed from the prison by Taiwan, but refused to go. He was played by Tang Jie of Zhongcheng. He came down to know Qizhou and died in an official position. " The ancients attached the most importance to incense, followed by Fu or his adoptive brother and son.

Third: Lin Hong, the author of shanjiaqinggong, has proved himself: Lin Hong, with the word "Longfa" and the name "Keshan". He is from Quanzhou, Fujian Province. He was a Jinshi in Shaoxing of Song Dynasty. The seventh grandson of Lin bu. Lin Hong traveled to Hangzhou in his youth. He wanted to be a scholar in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, but he was hit by exclusion. Once, he talked about himself as the seventh grandson of Lin Bu, but he was ridiculed by those poets who claimed to be knowledgeable. Some even wrote a poem: "Hejing didn't get married in those days, but only left a crane and a child. But mountain is regarded as a solitary mountain species, and it's melon skin with plum skin." In addition, Shi Shu, a poet of the same age as Lin Hong, recorded in Min Za Ji, was the witness of reading Lin Ke's poem about Shanxi lake. Poetry: "plum blossom next month evening, alone line song cover bamboo door; only road plum all belong to me, don't know and Jing have grandson." Shi Shu believes that Lin Hong's claim to be the seventh grandson of Lin Hejing is not wrong. However, at that time, Lin Hong was lonely and looked down upon by scholars from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. He could not hold up his head and lived in Jianghuai area for 20 years. Lin Hong's "mountain home Qinggong · goose yellow bean" says: "servant tour Jianghuai 20 autumn." Lin Hongshan wrote poetry, calligraphy and painting, including the collection of West Lake clothes and bowls, and the praise of the study; the poems included two palace poems and one lengshuiting; he often visited the garden for painting. Lin Hong also has a lot of research on gardens and food. There are two volumes of shanjiaqinggong and one volume of shanjiaqingshi, which are often quoted by later generations. Shanjiaqinggong discusses the historical origin of Fujian cuisine, which is a valuable culinary cultural heritage in China. "Shanjiaqingshi" describes the elegant entertainment in the mountains.

Fourth: Qing Guangxu's Fenghua county annals, Vol. 20, P. 24, Lin Bu, congziyou. From page 1180 to 1181, it is recorded that Lin Bu, whose name is Junfu, is Huang Xianren of Zhongyi township. Less lonely mechanics, not for the chapter, the nature of quiet, good ancient, Fu tend to Rongli. Tour the West Lake between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River, the solitary mountain of Jielu, 20

Chinese PinYin : Lin Bu