Huang Naishang

Huang Naishang

Huang Naishang (Pinghua character: u ò NGN ā i-si ò ng, 1849-1924, September 22), formerly known as Jiumei (also writing Jiumei and Jiumei), was named Fucheng, named Muhua, and later retired nunnery. Liudu Hufeng (now Bandong town Hutou Village), Minqing County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, is a Christian. He was an overseas Chinese leader, democratic revolutionist and educator in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Huang Naishang later followed Sun Yat Sen and was a member of the old alliance. He was once governor of Fujian Province.

Huang Naishang was an important revolutionist in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. He served for many years in the Christian Church of America, Israel and America. He also participated in the bus petition, the hundred day reform movement and the 1911 Revolution, which later established the Republic of China. At the same time, he was also a famous overseas Chinese leader. He led Fuzhou immigrants to reclaim the new Fuzhou in Sarawak, Malaysia.

Early experience

birth

Huang Naishang was born in Hufeng village, Liudu County, Minqing County, Fuzhou. His family has been farming for generations. His father is a carpenter and his family is poor. When Huang Naishang was a boy, he cultivated and studied to support his family.

Convert to Christianity

In 1866, pastors Xue Cheng'en, Xie Xi'en and Li Cheng'en from the American Israel church came to Minqing to preach. Huang Naishang discussed with them about their doctrines. In November of that year, Huang Naishang and his uncle Huang Fu Ju were baptized by Pastor Xue Cheng'en and converted to Christianity. At the beginning of religious belief, Huang Naishang and others were excluded by the villagers, but because the villagers belonged to the same clan, the believers were not hurt more. Later, there were more and more converts. In the winter of 1867, pastor Xu Yangmei was sent to Minqing to preach. He took Huang Naishang as an assistant and taught him the Bible. Since then, Huang Naishang began to study English, contact and learn western culture. When it comes to the reasons for his conversion to Christianity, Huang Naishang thinks that he is puzzled by the different words and deeds of people who believe in Confucius and Mencius, and finds a way to overcome all evils in Christianity.

For the American Israel Association

In 1869, Huang Naishang's mother died, and he became ill with grief. In this year, Huang Naishang was admitted to the United States Israel New Year assembly and sent to Fuzhou east street Evangelical Church to preach. Since 1871, pastor Xu Yangmei has been preaching in Gutian, Youxi, Shaxian, Shunchang, Yangkou and Yanping. In the summer of 1873, Huang Naishang married Xie, the eldest daughter of Xie Bifu, the fifth capital of the Marquis, who graduated from Baofu Mountain Middle School of axiom. In the autumn of that year, he was elected as the Secretary of the U.S. - Israel Annual Congress and held the post for five consecutive years.

In 1871, Huang Naishang was employed as a copywriter by Rev. S.l. Baldwin. He later translated the outline of the association of the United States, Israel, and the United States, wrote more than 100 volumes of questions and answers about Berea in the study of worshiping the sun, and hosted dozens of monthly newspapers of the emissary of Mount Jia. He also helped pastor Xue Chengen translate astronomy, Bible and Wesley, and helped pastor Wu Jilin translate the biography of Ding Dali and the biography of Wei《 In his spare time, he was engaged in translating the Old Testament Daniel in Fuzhou.

Huang Naishang advocated the establishment of evangelical, Peiyuan and Yinghua academies. In 1881, Yinghua Academy was set up in Fuzhou. Faced with the opposition of some missionaries in the church, Huang Naishang, Yinghua president Wu Linji and other people supported Yinghua, evangelical and Peiyuan schools to teach English and science. They also participated in teaching with Huang naiying and his second younger brother.

Take part in the imperial examination

During his time in the church, Huang Naishang felt that there was a lack of literati and upper class talents with great social influence in the church, so he decided to embark on the traditional path of imperial examination and expand the influence of Christianity through the official career of imperial examination. In 1877, Huang Naishang became a scholar in the second place. In 1884, Huang Naishang's father died of illness. In 1894, Huang Naishang won the 30th place.

Before and after the hundred day reform

In 1894, the Sino Japanese war broke out. In the battle of the Yellow Sea, Huang Naishang's third brother, Huang naimo, who served as the vice governor of Zhiyuan warship, died with Deng Shichang. Huang Naishang deeply lamented the country's internal and external troubles, political corruption and social degeneration, so he abandoned stereotyped thinking and began to learn new things. He made friends with Kang Youwei in Beijing, and took part in the bus writing campaign. In 1896, Fujian's earliest newspaper, Fu Bao, was founded in Fuzhou, advocating reform.

Guangxu 23 years (1897) into the Beijing examination, was selected as the Bagong. He wrote eight times for reform. After the reform movement of 1898, he made friends with Six Gentlemen, told Li Hongzhang and Weng Tonghe about new learning, and discussed reform with Ding Weiliang and Liu Hailan. After the failure of the reform, he was wanted by the Qing government, took refuge in Shanghai by boat, and immediately returned to Fujian.

Reclaim Nanyang

After the failure of the reform movement of 1898, Huang Naishang returned to Fujian. Considering the difficulties of people's livelihood in Fujian, he thought of going to Nanyang to find a place where he could immigrate and cultivate. On the one hand, he opened up a way for the poor compatriots to live, on the other hand, he tried to escape the autocratic rule of Cixi.

Survey contract

In September 1899, Huang Naishang's family came to Singapore and became the main writer of the star. During this period, he went to Malaya, Sumatra, the Dutch East Indies and other places to survey the settlement. In April 1900, with the introduction of his son-in-law, Lin Wenqing, Huang Naishang went to Sarawak to investigate the larang River Basin. At that time, Sarawak was sparsely populated and had a lot of wasteland, so it was hoped that the Chinese would come to reclaim wasteland. Huang Naishang was introduced to Charles Brooke, the second generation of Sarawak, by Wang Changshui, a Chinese from southern Fujian in ancient Jin. In late May 1900, Huang Naishang, as the owner of the port, entered into an agreement with Charles Brooke and selected xinzhushan, a suburb of today's Shiwu, as a reclamation area. The reclamation area is on both sides of the lagang River, from Chuanxi Meilu to Rome Bay on the right, and from Yashan port to Kaicha port on the left. The Sarawak government is responsible for lending to immigrants.

Reclaim the poetic Wizard

The first group of immigrants

In September 1900, Huang Naishang and Yongfu arrived in Fujian and began to recruit workers. Huang recruited more than 500 people in Minqing, Gutian and Minhou, while Lichang recruited only a few people in Yongfu. On December 23, 1900, Li Chang and Chen Guandou led the first group of 91 immigrants from Fuzhou to Shiwu by boat Fengmei. These 91 people are from Minqing and Gutian, men, women, old and young, and come from all walks of life. 8 days later, the ship arrived in Singapore. On January 12 of the next year, they went to Shiwu, during which some people left. Therefore, the first group of Fuzhou immigrants who arrived at xinzhushan of Shiwu on February 20, 1901 was 72.

The second batch of immigrants

On February 7, 1901, Huang Naishang personally led the second batch of 535 Fuzhou immigrants from Fuzhou to Singapore via Xiamen. In Singapore, the immigrants mistakenly believed the rumor that they were "sold piglets", and there was a riot. Huang Naishang vowed to be sincere and had to be appeased by Pastor Lin Chengmei of the United States Israel church. On March 5, 1901, the immigrants left Singapore by boat and entered the estuary of the Laguan river via Kuching. On March 16, the Gutian immigrants in the boat landed at Huang Shilai (Wang Shilai), and the Minqing immigrants landed at Shihu.

The third group of immigrants

In January 1902, Huang Naishang recruited more than 500 farm workers in Minhou, Minqing, Yongtai, Gutian, Pingnan, Fuqing and other counties. Huang Naishang chartered an American merchant ship and led the immigrants to set out from Fuzhou on May 24, 1902, through Hong Kong to Kujin, and arrived at Shiwu on June 7. So far, a total of 1118 Fuzhou reclaimers called by Huang Naishang arrived, of which Christians accounted for two-thirds.

Farm management

Huang Naishang named Shiwu "new Fuzhou". In order to manage the farm, Huang Naishang borrowed 40000 yuan from lazhe twice, and built six Yata houses in xinzhushan as the residence of farm workers. In the early period of new Zhushan, it was named "Sungei Merah", which means Hongshui River in Malay, because its water is reddish brown. Huang Naishang changed his place name to xincuoan (Malay: seduan). He hoped that this place could be successfully reclaimed and settled.

Huang Naishang gave each farmer and worker five acres to grow. The new arrival of Fuzhou people are not used to the local climate, and most of them are infected with diseases. They have to explore new farming techniques, so their life is very hard.

For the convenience of the public, Huang Naishang set up a shop by the river of shiwubu, called "new Fuzhou reclamation company" (also known as "new Fuzhou head office"), which only sold rice, salt, sugar cloth and salted fish, with Fuzhou agricultural workers as customers. Because of the difficulties in the operation of the reclamation sites, Huang Naishang collected one tenth of the donations from the new Zhushan, uphill, downhill, Huang Shilai, Nancun and other reclamation sites to maintain the operation. During the period of Shi Wu, Huang Naishang advocated the construction of five churches and one primary school.

On the Lantern Festival of 1903, the Fuzhou ethnic group and the Guangfu ethnic group who later moved in had a fight during the dragon and lion dance. It was only after Huang Naishang and Deng Gongshu, the overseas Chinese leader of Guangdong Province, and so on, that the fight subsided. From then on, the Wufu poetry of Luojiang Prefecture developed to the above. This division was not broken until 1941.

Returning home

In June 1904, after four years of reclamation, Huang Naishang entrusted the management of the reclamation to the American pastor fuyage（ Rev.JamesMathewsHoover ）And return home quietly.

As for Huang Naishang's return to China, according to his own opinion, it was due to the fact that the reclamation had been completed and he was in poor health, and he wanted to return to China to participate in the revolution. In the biography of the Church of America, Israel and the United States, it is only mentioned that he wanted to go back to China to publicize the revolution because he was inspired by Sun Yat Sen. Another important reason was that Huang Naishang's debts increased and he collected donations from the immigrants to maintain the operation of the reclamation farm, which caused the dissatisfaction of the government and eventually forced Huang Naishang to leave. In his book, Liu Zizheng mentioned the time

Chinese PinYin : Huang Nai Shang