Liu Xiahui

Liu Xiahui

Liuxiahui (720 bc-621 BC), surnamed Ji, surnamed Zhan, named Huo, is a native of liuxiayi (now Xiliu, Gongli Town, Xintai City, Shandong Province). He was a thinker, statesman, educator in ancient China and the son of Zhan Wuhai, a doctor in the state of Lu. Shandong Xiangcheng left a village, yixiayi village

He once served as a scholar of the state of Lu, and was in charge of the criminal procedure. As a model of abiding by Chinese traditional morality, the story of "sitting in one's arms and not disorderly" is widely praised. Confucius thought that "the lost sage" and Mencius respected him as "the sage of harmony".

In the 31th year of King Xiang of Zhou Dynasty (621 BC), he died in Guzhao village of Lu. He was 100 years old and his posthumous title was Hui. Because its fiefdom was under Liuxia, later generations respectfully called it "liuxiahui", which is the ancestor of the surnames of "Zhan" and "Liu".

Life of the characters

Liu Xiahui, a native of the state of Lu in the spring and Autumn period, has the surname of Zhan. His name is Huo and his word is Qin. It is also called liuxiahui. He was a scholar when Zang Wenzhong was in power. It is famous for its good manners. Zang Wenzhong offered sacrifices to seabirds, which he thought was not suitable for sacrifice. In the 16th year of Duke Lu's reign (634 BC), Qi attacked Lu. He sent people to Qi and advised Qi to withdraw from the army in the words of respecting the order of the former king that "there is no harm to the descendants of the world". Quoted from the Great Dictionary of Chinese history (Shanghai dictionary press, 2010 Edition), P. 2132.

Liu Xiahui, surnamed Ji, surnamed Zhan, was named Huo, Zi Qin and Ji. He was born in 720 BC and died in 621 BC. Liu Xiahui's descendants migrated to all over the world. The places where their descendants lived were mostly worshipped in temples, and often became their hometown. He is regarded as a model of abiding by the traditional Chinese morality, and his story of "sitting in one's arms without disorder" has been widely praised in Chinese history.

Character thought

Liu Xiahui was born in the spring and Autumn period. It is also called liuxiaji. Lu people. The son of Zhan Wuhai, a doctor of Lu, was at the same time as Zang Wenzhong. The main period of activity was between the four dynasties of Lu Guozhuang, min, Fu and Wen. He was called "Yimin" by Confucius, and was regarded as a sage in the eyes of Confucianism for his virtue: "Zang Wenzhong, the person who stole the throne, knew Liu Xiahui's virtue but did not establish himself" (Analects of Confucius · Wei linggong). He once served as a judge and insisted on "dealing with people in a straight way" and was dismissed many times (see the Analects of Confucius · Weizi). "Don't be ashamed to pollute your monarch, and don't resign to a small official" (Mencius - Chapter 2). That is to say, it is not shameful to serve a bad king, and it is not born with a small official position. There is no resentment, no love, and no demand for the personal situation: "lost but not resentful, poor but not compassionate" (also published in Mencius - ten thousand chapters), that is, they are abandoned, but not resentful; they are poor and not sad. I don't think it's necessary to care about where to go and where to go: "help and stop, help and stop.". Those who help but stop do not want to go "(same as above), that is to say, if you hold him and ask him to keep him, he will keep him. If you ask him to stay, it's because he doesn't feel the need to leave somewhere. Liu Xiahui had a great influence on the vassal states. "In the past, when the Qin Dynasty attacked Qi, there were those who dared to go to the willow ridge for fifty steps and cut trees. Death is unforgivable. " (the fourth chapter of the Warring States strategy) when Qin attacked Qi, he had to pass through the state of Lu. The Qin army ordered to protect Liu Xiahui's graveyard in the state of Lu, and stipulated that those who cut firewood within 50 steps of Liu Xiahui's graveyard should be sentenced to death. Liu Xiahui's influence in various vassal states can be seen from this.

Anecdotes and allusions

Liu Xiahui was born

Shandong

Pingyin

.

According to the chapter of Fengtai County annals · construction compiled by Li zhaoluo in Jiaqing of Qing Dynasty, zhanwa village in Pingyin County is the hometown of zhanqin. "Liuzhuang temple is located in zhanwa village, Bali, southwest of Zhangou," according to Li zhaoluo's Fengtai County annals construction chapter. In spring and autumn, liuxiahui lived here. There are many surnames of Zhan in the neighborhood, and they are said to be the descendants of Zhan Qin.

Liu Xiahui was born in Qufu.

Liu Xiahui is the son of Zhan Wuhai. Zhan Wuhai is the great grandson of Duke Xiaogong of Lu. He is a member of the Duke family of Lu. He was appointed as Sikong of Lu and lived in Qufu. He will not go to the city where his unborn son is born. Most of their offspring may live in their food cities.

In zhanwa village, Xiaozhi Town, Pingyin County, the Ming Dynasty stone tablet, "Hesheng Temple" and other relics as well as several related genealogies are preserved, which indicates that this village is the hometown of liuxiahui or at least has countless historical origins with liuxiahui

Liu Xiahui died in Beijing

Shandong

Xintai

.

The earliest record of xintaihe holy tomb can be seen in the Ming Jiajing's Taishan annals Volume II ruins · Emperor: "liuxiahui tomb: in the southeast of (Tai'an) Prefecture, there are still many people with surnames, and the village name is Liuli village." After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC) with Ji surname, King Wu was enfeoffed as the founder of the state. His younger brother Zhou GongDan was granted the title of Duke in the state of Lu, and established the capital of Qufu. However, he remained in power and was granted the title of Duke of Lu by his eldest son Qinfu. The name of his grandson in the Five Dynasties is "Cheng", which is the 12th Lu Jun, Lu Xiaogong (former? In 769 B.C., there was the Zi exhibition of Ji Zi (also called Gongzi exhibition and Yibo exhibition). The grandson of Zizhan said, "no fear.". In 715 BC, there was no terrible death. At that time, the princes took the word as posthumous title, and Duke Lu Yin ordered his family to take the word of grandfather as the surname of Zhan. This is the beginning of Zhan's surname. Zhan Qin is the son of Wu Hai, which is the historical origin that both the surnames of Zhan and Liu respect Zhan Qin, that is, Liu Xiahui.

Although Liu Xiahui was called "He Sheng" by Mencius, there are few historical records about his life. These records are scattered in Zuozhuan, Guoyu, Lunyu, Mencius and other ancient books of pre Qin Dynasty. Some records have a clear time, and some records are closer to an evaluation of him.

Records of literature and history

Records of the Analects of Confucius

According to the Analects of Confucius, Liu Xiahui was a scholar in the state of Lu. This is a small official in charge of the criminal procedure. At that time, the royal family of the state of Lu was in decline, and the government was controlled by Zang Wenzhong and others. Liu Xiahui is upright and does not flatter. Naturally, he is easy to offend the powerful. He has been dismissed three times in succession, which is very unsuccessful. More than 100 years later, Confucius was still very angry when he talked about this, saying, "Zang Wenzhong, who stole the throne and? Knowing the wisdom of Liu Xiahui but not standing with him! (Analects of Confucius · Wei linggong) although Liu Xiahui was repeatedly beaten out and his official career was delayed, his moral knowledge was famous all over the world. All the princes of various countries vied to hire him with high official positions, but he refused one by one. When he asked the three people what they had to do, he said, "why? Why do you go to your parents' country? " (the Analects of Confucius · Weizi) means that the reason why he was dethroned in the state of Lu was that he adhered to the principle of being a man. If we stick to it all the time, we will inevitably encounter the result of being dismissed wherever we go; if we give up the principle of being a man, we can also get high office and high salary in Shandong. Then why leave the hometown where I was born and raised?

Mandarin records

Liu Xiahui's Zhidao officials are clearly recorded in several historical books. It is recorded in Guoyu · luyushang that in the summer of the 26th year (631 BC), Duke Xiaogong of Qi sent troops to attack the state of Lu. Zang Wenzhong asked Liu Xiahui how to use words to make Qi retreat. Liu Xiahui said: it's said that if a big country sets a good example for a small country, and if a small country serves a big country well, it can prevent calamities. Nowadays, Lu, as a small country, is arrogant and infuriates a big country. It's like taking its own calamities. It's useless to use any wording. Liu Xiahui's remark is equivalent to a blunt criticism of Zang's ruling behavior in the state of Lu.

Liu Xiahui has a younger brother, Zhan Xi, who is a doctor in Lu. Qi Xiaogong led the troops to Falu. Lu Fugong sent Zhan Xi to comfort the soldiers in order to meet the battle. When Liu Xiahui learned that, he gave Zhan Xi a plan and asked him to meet Qi Xiaogong in Qiying. The Duke of filial piety asked, "the army of Qi is pressing down on the border. Are you afraid?" Zhan Xi said with a smile, "a villain will be afraid. A gentleman will not be afraid!" Xiaogong asked why. Zhan Xi said, "by the order of the former king. At the beginning, Duke Zhou of Lu and Duke Tai of Qi assisted King Cheng of Zhou. King Cheng once gave an alliance, saying that in the future, the two countries should build a good relationship from generation to generation and not kill each other. The covenant is still hidden in the inner government and recorded in historical records. Whenever a new monarch ascends the throne, he will solemnly swear that he will never forget it. You've only been on the throne for a few days. How can you forget this? " Qi Xiaogong was speechless and knew that he was wrong, so he had to withdraw.

Qi Xiaogong attacked the northern border of Lu. The Duke of Fu sent Zhan Xi to comfort the Qi army, and told him to accept the diplomatic words of rewarding the Qi army at Zhan Qin.

Before Qi Xiaogong entered the border of Lu, Zhan Xi went out of the country to meet him and said, "I heard that you are going to visit our city and send your ministers to reward your attendants." Qi Xiaogong said, "are the people of Lu afraid?" Zhan Xi replied, "if a villain is afraid, a gentleman will not." Qi Xiaogong said: "your Treasury is as empty as a chime hanging up. There is no grass in the four fields. What are you not afraid of?" Zhan Xi replied, "according to the order of the former king. Once upon a time, the Duke of Zhou and the Duke of Tai assisted Zhou Shi and helped Cheng Wang. King Cheng comforted them and gave them a covenant, saying, "do not invade each other from generation to generation." The alliance was hidden in the alliance house and was in the charge of Taishi. Therefore, Duke Huan united with the princes to solve the disharmony between them, make up for their lack, and rescue their disaster. These are all the responsibilities of showing off the past. When the princes and Marquis ascended to the throne, they all gave high hopes and said, "he will inherit the achievements of Duke Huan." Therefore, I did not dare to protect the city and gathered people together and said, "did he abandon the king's mandate and his duties after nine years on the throne? How could he account to the former king? He will not be like this. " I'm not afraid to rely on this. " Qi Xiaogong then returned home.

The king of Qi sent people to ask Lu for cending, a treasure handed down from the world. However, he was afraid of offending the imperious and rude state of Qi, so he planned to pass himself off as a fake tripod. But Qi people said, "Qi people don't believe you. They only believe in Yizhen

Chinese PinYin : Liu Xia Hui