Zhu Da

Zhu Da

Zhu Da (1626-1705), formerly known as Zhu Tong

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Its name is Renan, and it is named Badashanren, xuege, Geshan, Renwu, Daolang, etc. He was a great master of Chinese painting in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. The adherents of Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Da was the ninth grandson of Zhu Quan, the 17th son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty. After the death of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Da became a monk and later converted to Taoism and lived in Qingyun Temple of Nanchang. He is good at calligraphy and painting, and the flowers and birds are mainly freehand brushwork, with exaggerated and peculiar images, condensed and resolute brushwork, and magnificent and meaningful style. His landscape style is similar to that of Dong Qichang, with simple brushwork, quiet interest, and broad-minded charm. He is good at calligraphy, can write poetry, and uses very little ink.

(source: Huang Anping's portrait of Badashanren in Qing Dynasty)

Life of the characters

Zhu Da was one of the "four monks" in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. It is the ninth grandson of Ningxian King Zhu Quan, the 17th son of Zhu Yuanzhang. After the king of Ning was renamed Nanchang, his sons and grandchildren lived in Nanchang and other places for generations. They were divided into eight branches. The eight mountain people were the seventh grandchildren of the king of Yiyang. His grandfather Zhu Duogong was a poet and painter. He was famous for his style of landscape painting. Father Zhu Mou Jin, good at landscape flowers and birds, famous

Jiangyou

It's a pity that he died of a hidden disease in his middle age. His uncle Zhu moulong was also a painter, and he wrote the history of painting. Zhu Da grew up in a patriarchal family. He was cultivated by his father's art since childhood. He was smart and studious. He could write poems when he was eight, paint green mountains and rivers when he was eleven, and write Mi's regular script when he was a child.

In the 17th year of Chongzhen, the Ming Dynasty perished. Zhu Da was 19 years old. Soon after his father died, he felt extremely sad and indignant. He pretended to be deaf and dumb, and lived in the mountains to save himself. In Zhu Da's paintings, you can often see a strange sign, which looks like a crane shaped symbol. In fact, it is composed of "March 19" to express the deep feelings of nostalgia for the motherland (March 19 of Jiashen is the day of the death of the Ming Dynasty and the death of emperor Chongzhen). He lived as a adherent of Ming Dynasty.

In 1648, when his wife died, Zhu Da became a monk with his mother and younger brother. He went to gengxiang temple in Fengxin County and shaved his hair. Since then, he changed his name to xuege. When he was 24 years old, he called a mountain and a mountain donkey. In 1653, when Zhu Da was 28 years old, he welcomed his mother to Hongya temple in Xinjian County. He was taught to be a great master at the old man of geng'an. He lived in the mountain to teach scriptures and followed more than 100 people to learn Dharma. It has been proved that Zhu Da, from 28 to 36 years old, once lived with his mother and brother near the outer rope pagoda of Fuzhou gate (Jinxian gate) in Nanchang city. At that time, there were many teahouses and wine shops here, where the working people lived together. Zhu Da lived in poverty, disheveled, wandering here. Often like to drink, but not full rise, often drunk. When drunk, the monks, the poor, the butchers and the orphans asked for paintings and gave them generously. When Zhu Da was thirty-six years old, he wanted to "find a comfortable place" and find Tianning Temple in the suburb of Nanchang. In this year, he rebuilt Tianning Temple and renamed it "Qingyun garden". The word "Qingyun" was originally based on the Taoist myth of "Lv Chunyang driving Qingyun to come down". There is also a saying that "flying sword into the ground, planting osmanthus trees and stipulating the old foundation", which is also the origin of the existing tanggui. In 1815, Dai Junyuan, the number one scholar in the Qing Dynasty, changed "Pu" into "Pu" to show that "Qingyun" passed on the spectrum. There was an ultimatum for it to be based on, so it was renamed "Qingyun spectrum" from then on.

Qingyun Pu was a Taoist temple with a long history. It is said that more than 2500 years ago, Prince Jin (Zi Qiao), the king of Zhou Ling, came here to start alchemy and establish a Taoist temple, "alchemy and immortality". In the Western Han Dynasty, Wei Meifu abandoned his official and lived in seclusion here, and later built Meixian temple. In the Jin Dynasty, Xu Xun also set up a Taoist school here to control water. He founded the "Jingming religion" and changed it to "Taiji view". From then on, he formally formed a Taoist school, belonging to the Jingming Taoist school. In the fifth year of Tang Taihe (831), Zhou Xun changed his name to "taiyiguan". In the second year of the Song Dynasty (1055), it was granted the name of Tianning Temple. In 1661, Zhu Da came to visit the relics of the sages. He appreciated the mountains and rivers here, so he rebuilt the original Taoist temple and renamed it "Qingyun Pu". From then on, Zhu Da became the founder of Qingyun garden. Later generations also established the memorial tablet of "zhengkaishanzudaolang, liangyuewen, Badashanren zhuzhenren".

From the age of 36 to 38, Zhu Da traveled between Nanchang City and Qingyun Pu. The reconstruction of Qingyun Pu was presided over by his younger brother Zhu Daoming. Zhu Da officially settled in Qingyun Pu from the age of 39 to 62. It took him more than 20 years to run this Taoist temple. After 13 years as a Buddhist, Zhu Da became the founder of a Taoist school. His life of being a monk and a Taoist was not mainly based on his religious belief, but to escape the political persecution of the Ming clan by the Manchurian nobles in the Qing Dynasty, so as to conceal and preserve himself.

In the 17th year of Kangxi, when he was 53 years old, Hu Yitang, the magistrate of Linchuan County, heard his name and asked him to stay with Rao Yupu, the monk's head, for more than five years. This made him very upset and angry, so he pretended to be crazy, tore his monk's clothes and went back to Nanchang alone.

More than a year later, he returned to Qingyun spectrum and spent his "Huajia birthday" here. When he was 62 years old, he was no longer the abbot, so he handed over the Taoist temple to his Taoist Tu Ruoyu.

When Zhu Da was 60 years old, he began to write poems and paintings with the signature of "Badashanren". When he signed the money, he often combined the four characters of "Badashanren" together, as if they were like the words "crying" and "laughing" to express his pain that neither crying nor laughing is true. His younger brother Zhu Daoming, also known as Qiuyue, is a painter. His style is similar to that of Nai brother, and he is also bold and unconstrained. His calligraphy and painting were signed by Niu Shihui, and the three characters were written together in cursive script, which is very similar to the four characters of "life does not worship the king", indicating that he swore not to yield to the Qing Dynasty. At the beginning of their signature, the two brothers separated the two characters, one with "cow" and the other with "eight". It can be said that this kind of anonymity is well intentioned.

Zhu Da lived in Beizhu temple and Puxian temple in Nanchang City in his later years. Monk friend Dan Xue is the abbot of Beizhu temple and has a deep friendship with Zhu Da. Dan Xue is also good at calligraphy and has a stubborn character. Later, he was arrested and died in prison because he angered Fang e, the magistrate of Xinjian County, and said that he was "crazy and big". After Danxue died, Beizhu temple was destroyed soon. During this period of time, Zhu Da went out to travel and visit friends to paint. There were a lot of paintings. This was a period of vigorous creation of Zhu Da. At last, a thatched cottage was built on chaowangzhou in the suburb of Nanchang, which was named "Ga Ge Cao". At that time, the poet Ye Dan once wrote a poem "Badashanren", describing his living conditions here, "a room full of songs, full of dust, thick and dark, poetry and painting into Zen, leaving the world to escape the fame, leaving the mountain and water, Qingmen old business in, scattered melon planting people."

It was in this hut that Zhu Da spent his lonely and poor old age until his death. It is said that Zhu Da was buried in Yingjiashan in yaowan, a suburb of Nanchang. However, when he moved to the tomb after liberation, only some rotten wood and iron nails were found, and no bones were found. It may be his clothes tomb. Niu Shihui's tomb is located in jiangjunling, south of Qingyun spectrum. There is a can of ashes in the tomb. After liberation, it was also moved and buried in tuzhushan in Qingyun spectrum. In addition, according to Xinjian County annals and Xishan annals, Zhu Da's tomb is located 30 Li northwest of the county, in the houling area of today's Xishan Huangxi commune. It is difficult to find out where the tomb is.

Name definition

Badashan people, common surname Zhu, original name Zhu Tong? Later name da. He was the ninth grandson of Zhu dianchen, king of rongzhuang in Yiyang, Jiangxi Province in Ming Dynasty. He was born in 1624 A.D. and died in 1705 A.D. at the age of 81. Young people have a negative nature, and they are wise enough to start their careers early. Ming died, just weak crown, pretending to be dumb. At the age of 39, Tun lived in Fengxin mountain, Jiangxi Province, where he studied from master Hongmin. He shaved his hair and became a monk. He once collected eight great people's sutras, so he called himself Badashan people. He said that "all the four corners of the country are bigger than me". He also said that his signature liked to use cursive script with a series of strokes. According to it, Badashan people's two characters are like crying and laughing, Shanren's two characters are like crying and laughing, Like crying and laughing, they all have the meaning of playing the world. Other nicknames include xuege, Geshan, geshanlu, lvwu, LvHan, Renwu, Renan, Shide, Heyuan, Luoyuan, huangzhuyuan, shunian, Shuji and bahuan. He has lived in the mountain for 20 years, known as a master, and has been a scholar for more than 100 years. After that, the Qing court ordered Hu Yitang to hear his name and welcome him to the official house. He was unwilling to leave, pretended to be crazy and returned to Nanchang. They often wear a long hat, but they don't smile. In his later years, he retired to Qingyun and built a thatched cottage to live in. After his death, he was buried in Zhongzhuang, Xinjian County. Jiangyin Shao changchen wrote "biography of eight mountain people". According to Wang Aijun's art literature, Shanren is good at painting and calligraphy, and good at poetry. Painting is good at landscape, flowers, birds, bamboo and wood. It can be free from mud and get out of the way. There are few cunning brushes in landscape, and the artistic conception is profound. The ink stains of flowers, birds, bamboo and wood are unique in image. All of them have got the ancient method of breaking ink. They are simple and easy to use, with unrestrained brushwork, full of ink interest, full of vigor and vitality. Songlian shigu is regarded as a masterpiece. Luyanfuting and qianyufeiyi are all of the best creatures, which are beyond the reach of others. After learning Dong Qichang's calligraphy for the first time, he went to Wei and Jin Dynasties, which is elegant and scattered, and has won the charm of Zhong Wang, especially the wild grass. The original collection of poems has not been handed down, but the existing inscriptions and postscripts are as elegant as auspicious jade. The mountain people have a light complexion. They are rich and have few moustaches. They are fond of drinking but light in quantity. Poor scholars, mountain monks, street butchers, and those who have wine invite them to go there and drink there and drink there and drink there and drink there and drink there and drink there and drink there and drink there and drink there. If they are drunk and shed tears, or prepare paper and pen and hold hands to draw pictures, they will be full of ink. If they do not care about drinking, they will become mountains of clouds and stones of bamboo. So ask

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Da