Wei linggong

Wei linggong

Wei linggong (540-493 BC), surnamed Ji and named yuan, was the 28th monarch of Wei state in the spring and Autumn period. He was in power from 534-493 BC.

He left a bad historical evaluation because of his jealousy and irascibility. However, he was good at knowing people and being good at their duties. It was the cooperation of his three promoted ministers, Kong Yu, Zhu Yu and Wang Sunjia, that made the state machinery of Wei run normally.

Life of the characters

Wei linggong, the 28th king of the state of Wei in the spring and Autumn period, has the surname Ji and the name yuan. He was born in the second year of Zhaogong (540 BC) and died in the second year of aigong (493 BC) at the age of 47. In the early days, because Wei Xianggong's wife xuanjiang had no son, he (AI, Aiye) was born in Yuan Dynasty, and he was "ill" and bad at acting. Therefore, Kong Chengzi and the history dynasty borrowed dreams to abolish their parents and establish their children. In the seventh year of Zhaogong, Wei Xianggong died, and Yuan ascended the throne. He was linggong and reigned for 42 years. Although Wei linggong failed to seek hegemony due to his limited national power, his actions were not inferior to those overlords of Qi, Huan, Jin, Wen, Chu, Zhuang, Qin and mu, and he was the leader of a generation of princes. According to the 13th book of Confucius' family sayings, when Duke AI of Lu asked "who is the most virtuous king today", Confucius said to him, "is there a Wei linggong in the view of Qiu Wei?" The evaluation is not high. But Confucius once said that Wei linggong had no way, so that people stuck to this stereotype, but ignored the praise behind Confucius, so that Wei linggong lost a bad reputation.

According to Zuo Zhuan, in the second year of Zhao Gong, Han xuanzi of Jin Dynasty was born to Wei linggong in the year of Zhao Gong because he was "employed by the princes". He was named yuan. His elder brother Yi suffered from "evil disease" and was not good at acting. Therefore, Kong Chengzi and the History Dynasty adopted uncle Kang, the ancestor of Mengwei, to establish yuan as the crown prince.

In the twelfth year of next year, the Duke of Xiangwei died.

In the 12th year of Zhaogong, linggong, as a monarch of Jin Dynasty, congratulated jinqinggong on his accession to the throne. Next year, he will meet with the princes of Jin, Lu, song and Zheng in Pingqiu.

In the 20th year of Zhaogong, Qibao, beigongxi, chushipu and Gongzi rebelled against the four families, killing linggong's elder brother GUI and injuring linggong's uncle Nanchu. After two days of peace, there was no such civil strife.

In the 21st year of Zhaogong, the young master of linggong rebellion led the army to save Song Dynasty, in order to reassure the public.

In the 25th and 27th year of the reign of emperor Zhaogong, he twice made the northern palace meet with the princes to show his contribution to the peace.

In the fourth year of the reign of Duke Ding, he made an alliance with the princes of Jin, Lu, song and CAI. Because he heard that he was inferior to the empress of CAI at the time of blood loss, Duke Ling sent Zhu Tuo to lobby Chang Hong, a minister of the king of Zhou, to defend the national dignity of Wei.

In the sixth year of Duke Ding's reign, Lu conquered Jin Dynasty and passed through bufeidao and jihuanzi. Yanghu made jihuanzi and mengxianzi pass through Weidu without telling them. Linggong was so angry that he sent mizixiao to lead his troops to pursue him. Uncle Wenzi came to admonish him, so linggong called mizixiao to return him.

In the seventh year of the reign of Duke Ding, he sent people to plot with Duke Jing of Qi, so that he could detain the bailiff (foreign minister) and invade the northern palace. He took the opportunity to weaken the influence of the northern palace.

In the eighth year of Dinggong, because of the humiliation of Jin Shatuo and Cheng he when he joined the alliance, linggong said, "I'm going to humiliate Wei. Please change to a monarch.".

In the ninth year of Dinggong, linggong passed Zhongmu with half of his troops. Zhongmu wanted to attack it. He had been fleeing in Chu Shipu of Zhongmu. He said, "although the number of Wei troops is small, it's impossible for weilinggong to defeat there. It's better to attack Qi troops.". Zhongmou was attacked by the guards and captured 500 chariots.

In the 10th year of Duke Ding, the Jin division surrounded the capital of Wei. He pretended to be a tiger. Linggong insisted on it. However, the Jin division retreated, killing and insulting linggong's Shatuo (Cheng he fled) and making peace with Wei.

In the 14th year of Dinggong, linggong expelled gongshuxu (the son of gongshufa, namely gongshuwenzi, posthumous xiangzhenwenzi), Zhaoyang (after Zhaoyan), beigongjie (avant-garde pedestrian), Prince Kuai Ling and gongmengqu (the son of Yi).

In the second year of AI Gong, Ling Gong died. Before he died, he wanted to make Ying the crown prince. He resigned. After Ling Gong died, Nanzi passed on his legacy and ordered Ying to ascend to the throne. He resigned again and recommended Kuai AI's son to ascend to the throne.

Anecdotes and allusions

Allusion 1

According to Zuozhuan, in the 20th year of Zhaogong, the elder brother of linggong "visited Qibao (youshao; Qibao, weisikou), ebeigongxi, chushipu, and gongzichao" was connected with his wife xuanjiang. He was afraid that (gongzichao was Xianggong's younger brother and linggong's uncle, which had nothing to do with the Song Dynasty, which was famous for its beautiful appearance, and had nothing to do with Nanzi. In gongzichao, xuanjiang, his sister-in-law, had an affair with Nanzi On June 29th of the lunar calendar, Qi Bao was the first to launch an ambush to kill Yi. When linggong was in Pingshou, he heard that he was returning to the capital. However, the situation was out of control. Linggong had to take a few people to escape to the dead bird. At that time, sun Qing, the grandson of Qi Qinggong, was about to hire a guard, Qi Jinggong said, "as long as he is not out of the state of Wei, he is still the king of Wei. "So Gongsun Qing continued to hire guards and" Pro Zhiduo "warned linggong. On June 30, the family leader of beigongxi attacked and killed Qibao. Linggong rushed back to Guodu that night to make an alliance with Beigong. The next day, he made an oath with "Guoren" to stabilize the situation quickly, and then began to investigate the responsibility. So on August 25, Chu Shipu, gongzichao, ziyuxiao and zigaobao rushed to Jin. On August 12, linggong killed xuanjiang, one of the root causes of the rebellion, and completely stabilized the internal state of Wei In the 29 years since then, there has been no such civil strife in Wei state (excluding those who failed in gongshuxu and Kuai Management), while linggong was only 18 years old at that time.

Allusion 2

In the seventh year of the reign of Duke Ding, the influence of Beigong family became more and more powerful because of "pacifying the chaos", and linggong could hardly control it. Therefore, linggong conspired with Qijing Gong to first appoint Beigong Jie to employ Qi (at that time, Beigong Xi had died, posthumously named Zhenzi, and Beigong Jie was the head of the family), and then let Qijing find a gap to seize Beigong Jie and send troops to invade the guards. Linggong put the responsibility on Beigong Jie, took the opportunity to weaken the influence of Beigong family, and then made peace with him Qi Jinggong League asked him to withdraw, which not only solved the problem of Beigong's tail, but also made other ministers not suspicious. At the same time, it also strengthened the relationship with Qi. It can be said that there are three birds with one stone.

Allusion 3

In the ninth year of Dinggong, in order to support qijinggong, linggong led 500 chariots to pass Zhongmou. At that time, the state-owned chariots of Jin Dynasty were in Zhongmou. So linggong made Divination (it was very important at that time, everything should be planned in heaven, and then it was decided to stop after getting instructions. Confucius also liked this way in the Confucius family language). But the diviner was too excited or not good at business, so he used the tortoise shell for divination Burnt, without props, of course, we can't communicate with God. Just when the diviner was scared, linggong said with great pride: "we can move forward. The chariots of the Wei state are half of Zhongmou's, and I can also reach the other half of them. All in all, we can compete with their forces!".

Linggong was not bragging. Zhongmou really wanted to repair him at that time. After all, he was on someone else's territory, and his troops were more than twice that of linggong. But Chu Shipu, who fled to Zhongmou, said, "although there are few troops in the state of Wei, it's invincible to have weilinggong there. It's not like fighting Qi's army. "As expected, Zhongmou did not repair linggong and went to fight the Qi army. As a result, he captured 500 chariots of Qi. After more than 20 years, Chu Shipu was still afraid of linggong like a tiger, which shows linggong's superb means in his rebellion.

Allusion 4

According to Confucius' family language, Duke AI of Lu once asked Confucius with great conceit: "who is the most virtuous monarch now? Confucius replied, "I haven't seen the most virtuous yet. By comparison, it should be Wei linggong, right? "Ai Gong said," I heard that there is no difference in linggong's boudoir? Confucius replied, "I mean what he did in the court, not what he did at home. "Ai Gong then asked," what did he do in the imperial court? "Confucius replied," qumu, a disciple of linggong, is wise enough to govern Qiancheng, trustworthy enough to keep it, and linggong loves it. There are also scholars in the state who will advance when they see the virtuous, and retire and share their salary. They respect the virtuous when they do not travel. There are also scholars who celebrate their feet, who will rise when they defend the state, and who will retreat when they have nothing to do, and they respect the virtuous when they are happy, He went to the guard by the way, but linggong gave up for three days. He would wait for Shi (Gou) to enter, and then he would dare to enter. I'll take it from this, though it's the second best, isn't it? “。 Confucius talked about four people here. One is Qu mu, that is, Mi Mu, with the word Zi Xia, that is, the one who was interpreted as the one who divided peaches and snatched cars. But Han Fei only used Wei linggong and Mi Zi Xia to tell a story in Shuonan, and then used this story as a metaphor. There was also a story about waiting for a rabbit. It doesn't matter if you use it as a story or an idiom Don't be taken seriously. In history, mizixiao was a general of the state of Wei. He had both wisdom and faith. After his death, he was posthumously named Wenzi. Therefore, linggong "loved and allowed him to do so.". And "scholars" (scholars were "titles" at that time, nobles without jobs were scholars, and those with jobs were bureaucrats and ministers). Lin Guohe and Qingzu, one of them, "when you see a virtuous person, you will advance", and the other, "when you have a major event, you will rise and govern, and when you have nothing, you will retreat and allow virtuous people" (this is also true gentleman) ", so linggong" respected the virtuous person "and" respected the virtuous person ". Then there is Shi Gou, the son of Shi Dynasty, who had the same dream of Kang Shu with Kong Chengzi and abandoned Li Yuan. Linggong and Kong Chengzi's great grandson, Kong Yi, were in the same phase at that time. He may not agree with Kong Yi's political opinions and "go to Wei". Linggong went to live in the suburbs for three days, banned voice and color, and would not return to the palace until Shi Gou came back.

Character controversy

The reason why Wei linggong was discredited in history is a sentence of Confucius, which was recorded in the Analects of Confucius. Although Confucius knew that Wei linggong could not use himself, he could still see his advantages and disadvantages. In the Analects of Confucius, Ji Kangzi asked Confucius

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