Li Dian

Li Dian

Li Dian (year of birth and death unknown), the word man Cheng. Juye County, Shanyang County (now Juye County, Shandong Province) is a native of Chengshi county. Cao Wei, a famous general of the Three Kingdoms period in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

Li Dian was eager to learn when he was young. He was not happy with military affairs. He also enlisted in Hebei, Jingzhou, Xiliang and other places and made many achievements. In the battle of bowangpo, he saw through Liu Bei's plan of false escape and saved XiahouDun and Yujin. He also participated in the battle of Xiaoyaojin.

Li Dian was a man of great righteousness. He did not fight for merit with others. He respected Confucianism and erudition. He was an old man. He was an official until he was a general. He died at the age of 36.

After the establishment of Cao Wei, Li Dian was named Marquis of Zhu. Li Dian was neither killed nor a king. The meaning of his posthumous title should be the same as that of Geng Yan and Kou Zhun, that is to say, "in the country, even worry about Yue".

(source: ye Xiong's biography of characters in the romance of the Three Kingdoms)

Life of the characters

The early death of a close relative

Li Dian's subordinate father, Li Qian, was heroic and gathered thousands of diners in Chengshi. In Chuping, he led the people to follow Cao Cao, defeated Huang Jin army in Shouzhang, and followed Cao Cao to attack Yuan Shu and attack Xuzhou.

In the first year of Xingping (194), Zhang Miao and Chen Gong, who stayed in Yanzhou, took advantage of Cao Cao's plan to attack Xuzhou, rebelled and welcomed Lv Bu into Yanzhou. All the counties in Yanzhou were attached to Lv Bu. When LV Bujun arrived at Chengshi, Li clan kept Chengshi under the leadership of Li Jin. So Cao Cao sent Li Qian back to Chengshi to appease the people in all counties.

In the summer of the second year of Xingping (195), Lu Bu's farewell driver Xue LAN and Zhizhong Li Feng led the army to Juye County to recruit Li Qian and persuade him to rebel against Cao Cao. Li Qian didn't listen, so they killed him.

Cao Cao sent Li Qian's son Li Zheng to lead Li Qian's troops to attack Xue LAN and Li Feng with other generals. After Xue LAN and Li Feng were defeated, Li Zheng followed Cao Cao to pacify the counties in Yanzhou. He made great achievements and gradually promoted. In the first month of the fifth year of Jian'an (year 200), the Yidai imperial edict incident happened, and Yuan Shao and Cao Cao formally declared war. Cao Cao no longer recognized Yuan Tan's position as governor of Qingzhou, so he appointed Li Zheng as governor of Qingzhou.

In the fifth year of Jian'an (200), Li Zheng, Li Dian's brother, also died. At that time, yuan and Cao were separated from Guandu.

Becoming famous as a teenager

When Li Dian was young, he was eager to learn and did not like to fight, so he read Zuo's biography in spring and autumn and read all kinds of books.

In the fifth year of Jian'an (200), after Li Zheng's death, Li Dian served as the county magistrate of Yingyin County, served as Zhonglang general, and led Li Zheng's troops. Cao Cao thought that Li Dian was a man to be made, so he tried to manage the common people. Promoted to prefect of Lihu. During the battle of Guandu, Li Dian led his family and his troops to transport grain and cloth for military supplies.

In October of the fifth year of Jian'an (200), after Yuan Shao was defeated and fled, Li Dian was appointed General Li and stationed in Anmin.

In the seventh year of Jian'an (202), Cao Cao attacked Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang in Liyang, so he sent Li Dian, Cheng Yu and other generals to transport military supplies by ship. Just as Yuan Shang sent GAOFAN, the prefect of Wei County, to lead his troops stationed on the river and cut off the waterway, Cao Cao ordered Li Dian and Cheng Yu to say, "if the boat can't get through, go by land." Li Dian discussed with the generals and said, "GAOFAN's troops are short of armour. They just rely on the water situation. The soldiers have the mind to belittle the enemy. They will surely win if they attack them. In the army, we can not listen to the imperial edict; as long as it is beneficial to the country, we can make our own decisions, and we should attack immediately. " Cheng Yu also thinks so. So he crossed the Yellow River northward, attacked GAOFAN and won the victory, and the waterway was finally unblocked.

See through the false escape

In the seventh year of Jian'an (202), Liu Biao sent Liu Bei to attack Ye County northward. Cao Cao mobilized Xia Houdun, Yu Jin and Li Dian to resist Liu Bei. Liu Bei was stationed in Bowang and confronted with Xia Houdun. One morning, Liu Bei led his troops to burn down the camp and retreated. Xia Houdun led his troops to pursue Liu Bei. Li Dian dissuaded: "the enemy retreated for no reason, doubting that there must be an ambush. The road to the south is narrow and dense, so we can't pursue it. " Xia Houdun didn't take his advice and led his troops to pursue with Yu Jin. Li Dian stayed behind.

As expected, Xia Houdun and Yu Jin were ambushed by Liu Bei's army and defeated. Li Dian led the soldiers to the rescue. Liu Bei saw that the rescue had arrived, so he withdrew. Xia Houdun and Yu Jin were rescued.

Enlist everywhere

In the ninth year of Jian'an (204), Li Dian followed Cao Cao to besiege Yecheng, which was pacified. In the 10th year of Jian'an (205), Li Dian and Le Jin besieged senior cadres in Huguan. In the 11th year of Jian'an (206), Li Dian and Le Jin won the battle against Guan Cheng in Changguang. Li Dian was promoted to be a captured general and granted the title of Marquis of duting.

More than 3000 families of Li Dian's clan lived in Cheng's family. Li Dian volunteered to move to Wei county. Cao Cao said with a smile: "do you want to imitate Geng Chun?" Li Dian apologized and said, "I'm weak in character and have little contribution, but the title of reward is too big, so I really need the whole family to work together. In addition, the world has not been settled yet, so I should move to the suburbs of Wei prefecture to defend against all kinds of disturbances. I'm not following Geng Chun's example." So more than 13000 members of the tribe moved to Ye County. Cao Cao praised him and made him a general.

In 208, the 13th year of Jian'an, Li Dian went to Jingzhou. During the battle of Chibi, Cao Cao moved Zhao to be the commander-in-chief of the seven armies of Jin, Zhang Liao, Zhang Ying, Zhu Ling, Li Dian, Lu Zhao and Feng Kai.

In the autumn of the 16th year of Jian'an (211), Li Dian followed Cao Cao to attack Han Sui and Ma Chao, marched to the West Bank of Jihe River, and set up camp on Daodong plain.

Hefei breaks the enemy

In October of the 19th year of Jian'an (214), Cao Cao returned from Hefei. Li Dian, Zhang Liao and Le Jin led 7000 people to settle in Hefei.

In August of the 20th year of Jian'an (215), Cao Cao led his army to the west to attack Hanzhong, while Sun Quan commanded 100000 troops to besiege Hefei. When the eastern Wu army besieged the city, the generals of Hefei opened Cao Cao's letter and wrote: "if Sun Quan's army came, general Zhang and Li would go out to fight, and general Le would defend the city; the guard Xue Ti would not fight against the enemy." Because of the great disparity of forces between the two sides, generals Li Dian and Le Jin were puzzled by this instruction. Zhang Liao said: "Cao Zhengyi is leading his troops to fight abroad. When the reinforcements he leads arrive, sun quanjun will surely have defeated us. So it's telling us to attack the enemy before they get together. We should first frustrate the enemy's momentum so as to stabilize the morale of the army, and then we can defend the city smoothly. The chance of success or failure is here. What doubts do you have? " Zhang Liao planned to go out of the city to fight with Li Dian according to the instructions. Yue Jin, Li Dian and Zhang Liao are usually not in harmony with each other. In particular, Li Dian's close relatives (Li Qian, Li Zheng), clan and Lu Bu group have a deep blood feud. Therefore, there are old grudges between Li Dian and Zhang Liao. Zhang Liao was worried about Li Dian's disobedience. Li Dian said generously, "it's a matter of state affairs. It depends on whether your strategy is good or not. How can I ignore the overall situation because of personal resentment?" So he led the army and Zhang Liao to defeat Sun Quan.

"Wu Di Ji", which records the military and political affairs of the state, specially eulogizes "Sun Quan encircles Hefei and Zhang Liao and Li Dian smashes it." On the other hand, the Soochow side can only state the fact that "Chen Wudou died, and song Qian and Xu Sheng all went away", but it can not use "Dousi" or "go away" to describe the Cao Wei generals.

The news of the victory of the battle of Xiaoyaojin spread to Cao Cao. Cao Cao worshipped Zhang Liao as a general in the East, and gave Li Dian 100 additional fiefs. In addition to the previous fiefdoms, Li Dian's fiefdoms had reached 300 households.

die young

During the August war of Hefei in the 20th year of Jian'an (215), there was a pestilence, that is, "pestilence", which led to the death of Wu general Gan Ning a few months later.

In March of the 20th year of Jian'an (217), twenty-six military units, such as Xia Houdun, Cao Ren, Zhang Liao, Zang Ba, lived in the nest. Juchao local outbreak of a large-scale plague, namely the "epidemic", Cao Jun large-scale infection.

When Li Dian died, he was 36 years old. His son Li Zhen succeeded to his title.

After Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei Dynasty, became emperor of Han Dynasty, he remembered Li Dian's achievements in the battle of Hefei, and added 100 households for Li Zhen's food in the city, plus 300 households for Li Dian's fiefdoms during his lifetime. Li Zhen had a total of 400 households.

In 225, Cao Pi recalled Zhang Liao and Li Dian's contributions in Hefei and declared: "in the battle of Hefei, Zhang Liao and Li Dian killed only 800 people and broke through 100000 thieves. This has never been the case since ancient times. They make the thieves still angry and captured by them, which is really the pawn of the country. Now the families of Zhang Liao and Li Dian have been granted 100 additional families, and one of their sons has been granted the title of Marquis of Guannei. " As a result, Li Dian's other son (not Li Zhen) was granted the title of neihou, and was granted 100 families.

Later, Li Dian was posthumously named marquis. However, Li Dian was neither the king of a country in trouble nor a martyr who sacrificed his life to death. Therefore, the way to pursue Li Dian's posthumous title should be "in the country, even if you are worried". Geng Yan, Zang Gong and other famous generals in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Kou Zhun, famous officials in the Northern Song Dynasty, all got the posthumous title of "in accordance with the meaning of" in the country, expressing the world's sympathy for Li Dian's life experience. When Li Dian was alive, he was fond of learning and attached importance to refinement. He never competed with other generals for credit. He also respected virtuous scholars and officials for fear that he would be ill mannered. The officers and soldiers in the barracks all thought that Li Dian was an elder.

In 243, Li Dian was worshipped in Cao Cao temple.

Historical evaluation

Chen Shou: "first, Li diangui was elegant and elegant. He forgot about his private affairs and was beautiful." They are good at learning, elegant and don't compete with generals. If you don't have enough knowledge, you will be called an elder in the army. "

Wang Shen: "few classics are easy to learn, not happy to fight."

Sun Sheng: "as for the defense of Hefei, the county is weak without aid, the full-time brave are warlike, and the full-time timid are afraid. If we are too few, we will be greedy; if we fight the death of greedy, we will win and defend,

Chinese PinYin : Li Dian