renowned for studies in philology and textual criticism

Zhang Taiyan

Zhang Taiyan (January 12, 1869 - June 14, 1936) was born in Yuhang, Zhejiang Province. Its original name was Xuecheng, and its name was Mei Shu (in memory of Mei Cheng, a Fu writer of the Han Dynasty). Later, it was renamed Binglin. Because of the strong anti Qing consciousness, Mu Gu Jiang (Gu Yanwu) changed his name to Jiang, named Taiyan. People often call it "Mr. Taiyan". In his early years, he was also known as "master of the orchid room" and "Liu Zijun's private disciple". Later, he recognized himself as a "adherent of the Republic of China". At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, he was a democratic revolutionist, thinker and famous scholar. His research covered primary school, history, philosophy, politics and so on.

Guangxu 23 years (1897) as "Shi Wu Bao" write, because participate in the reform movement was wanted, exiled in Japan. In 1903, he was arrested and jailed for publishing a Book refuting Kang Youwei's theory of revolution and writing a preface to Zou Rong's revolutionary army. In 1904, he cooperated with Cai Yuanpei and others to launch the restoration Association. After he was released from prison in 1906, Sun Yat Sen and others welcomed him to Japan to participate in the alliance. He edited min Bao, the official newspaper of the alliance, and launched a debate with the reformers. In 1911, after the restoration of Shanghai, he returned to China, edited the great republic daily, and served as the Privy adviser of Sun Yat Sen's office. He once joined Zhang Jian's United Party and spread the opinion that "the revolutionary army prospers and the revolutionary party disappears". In 1913, after being assassinated, Song Jiaoren went to Beijing to be imprisoned by Yuan Shikai, who was released after his death. In 1917, the Kuomintang, which was reorganized from Sun Yat Sen, set up the Zhang's National Studies Seminar in Suzhou. In 1935, he presided over the Zhang's Chinese Studies Seminar in Suzhou and edited the Zhi Yan magazine. In his later years, he resented Japan's invasion of China and actively sponsored the Anti Japanese national salvation movement. On June 14, 1936, Zhang Taiyan died of illness.

Life of the characters

Early years

Zhang Taiyan was born in Cangqian Town, Dongxiang, Yuhang County, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province on November 30, 1869. At first, Zhang Taiyan studied with his grandfather Zhu Youqian (Zuoqing) and said, "when I was 11 years old, my grandfather Zhu Zuoqing taught me to read the Scriptures. I occasionally read Zeng Jing's case in Chiang's donghualu. My grandfather said," the defense of Yi and Xia is the same as the righteousness of kings and ministers. " I asked, "did the predecessors talk about this?" The forefather said, "Wang Chuanshan and Gu Tinglin have already said this, especially Wang's words. It is said that "the subjugation of the past dynasties is of no importance, but with the death of the Southern Song Dynasty, the cultural relics of clothes and crowns also died." Yu said, "if Ming Dynasty perished in Qing Dynasty, it would be better to perish in Li Chuang." The forefather said, "it's not necessary to make such a statement today. If Li Chuang is successful tomorrow, though Chuang is not good, his descendants may not be all bad, but it's not necessary to make such a statement today." Yu's revolutionary thoughts are rooted here. "

In 1890, Zhang Taiyan went to Hangzhou to study Gujing jingshe. The host of Gujing jingshe was Yu Yue. Yu Yue was a famous master of Puxue in Qing Dynasty who came down from Gu Yanwu, Dai Zhen, Wang Niansun, Wang Yinzhi and so on. He wrote Qun Jing Pingyi, Zhuzi Pingyi, and examples of doubtful meanings in ancient books, corrected Qun Jing, read Zhuzi sentences, examined and approved the meaning, and analyzed its special grammar Zhang Taiyan was influenced by the rhetoric and meticulous research methods. He devoted himself to the study of knowledge for eight years.

In 1894, China was defeated by the Japanese aggressors in the Sino Japanese War of 1894. Stimulated by the deep national crisis, Zhang Taiyan resolutely went out of his study and heard that Kang Youwei had set up a strong society and "sent 16 yuan of membership fees to join the society". At the end of 1896, Yu Guangyue came to Shanghai as editor of the Shanghai times. At that time, Zhang Taiyan's idea of running a newspaper was to "gallop through a hundred schools", "draw lessons from the past and learn from the present", "prove the present, then don't speak, and Chen Gu, then don't touch the time". He was not long in Shi Wu Bao, and published only two articles, on Asia's self serving lips and teeth and on the society's great benefit to the yellow people's urgent protection. He believes that all the long-term skills of western countries can be used for reference by China, and can be used as a reference to change the legal system, for example, holding a society "beneficial to yellow people". We should "repair the internal affairs" and implement the "new system". We should not "only abide by the old rules", but "become the world leader with anger". He believed that "changing the name of the suburb, Chai sheji, is called revolution; Li Xiumin, gathering Juncai, is called revolution." Under the social conditions at that time, we should "turn the government around the revolution", that is, implement political reform. At the same time, Zhang Taiyan compiled Jingshi Bao, Shixue Bao and Yishu Association Bao. He also wrote to Li Hongzhang in 1898, hoping that he could grasp the trend of the world and carry out reform. He also went to Wuchang to help Zhang Zhidong run the Journal of Zhengbao, and dreamed of using his strength to promote the reform. Soon, the hundred day reform promoted by the reformers died prematurely, and Zhang Taiyan fled to Taiwan. He was deeply indignant at the massacre of the Six Gentlemen in 1898, relieved Kang Youwei from "slandering" and "seeing those who slandered the local wishes of the vulgar scholars", and hated the despotism and arrogance of the diehards headed by Empress Dowager Cixi After the reform and new deal, his thought of "revolution" has developed.

Advocating revolution

In the summer of the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), Zhang Taiyan went to Japan to prepare for the anti Qing war in Kyoto, Tokyo and other places. He repaired with Liang Qichao and others, and then returned to Shanghai to participate in the editorial work of Yadong times. At this time, Zhang Taiyan's standpoint of paiman and ancient classics became more and more clear, and he published the first edition of his work "Chen Shu" in Suzhou, which was signed by Liang Qichao.

In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), the Boxer Movement broke out, and the invasion of China by the Eight Allied forces took place one after another. The traitorous nature of Empress Dowager Cixi and other diehards was exposed, and Zhang Taiyan was greatly shocked. In July, at the Chinese parliament in Shanghai, he vehemently opposed the vague slogan of "one side full, one side diligent king" put forward by reformists, "manifesting to leave society, cutting braids and Jue", and wrote "jiepigai Fa" to show his ambition. It also corrects the "Ke Di" and "Fen Zhen" in the past, saying that "Yu Ziwu and Ji disobey the difficulties, travel with those who respect the Qing Dynasty and write" Ke Di ", playing the role of muddle along, abandoning the original and advocating religion, which is far from the situation.". And then put forward: "Manchuria Fu Zhuo, want the patriotism of scholars, the common enemy of the people, can not get.". In the end, it became the companion of Europe and the United States. " Then, Zhang Taiyan set up a banner against the Qing Dynasty and began to fight against the reformers. In 1901, Zhang Taiyan published the theory of Zhengqiu manlun in Tokyo's national daily, criticizing Liang Qichao sharply: "those who are grieved by Liang Zi are the ears of revolution; those who are grieved by revolution and think about the change of constitution are the ears of sage."

In the first month of the 28th year of Guangxu (February 1902), Zhang Taiyan was hunted down again and exiled to Japan. After living in Yokohama for the first time, they went to Tokyo and met Sun Yat Sen. they discussed the rules and regulations after the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the issues of land taxes and even the establishment of the capital of China. Their discussions at that time were recorded in the reprint of the book of songs, Xiangzhai and Dingban Ji. In June, Zhang Taiyan returned to his motherland and revised his translation for Shanghai Guangzhi publishing house. He once translated sociology written by taketai Kishimoto of Japan. He also revised the book of Chen, and set the goal of compiling the general history of China. He thought that "those who are more valuable than the general history have two aspects: one is to invent the principle of the decline of social and political evolution, and the other is to inspire the people, and the other is to enlighten the people, and the other is to record and spread.".

In February of the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (March 1903), Zhang Taiyan taught in the Shanghai Patriotic Society sponsored by the China Education Association. At this time, the anti French and anti Russian movement started, and the revolutionary situation developed. However, Kang Youwei published the book with his classmates Liang Qichao on the independence of India's subjugation and the book of reply to the Chinese businessmen in North and South America on the feasibility of constitutionalism but not revolution in China. He opposed the revolutionary party's open attack on the Manchu rulers, believing that constitutionalism could avoid the tragedy caused by revolution and advocating the restoration of Emperor Guangxu. After Zhang Taiyan saw it, he publicly criticized Kang Youwei, pointing out that Kang Youwei's so-called "man and Han are not separated, and the monarch and the people are ruling together" is actually "bent on suffering to be in the land of slaves". Emperor Guangxu was just a "clown" who "did not distinguish between Shu and Mai". At the beginning, he was in favor of the political reform, but he was "protecting my power". If it was restored, it would inevitably lead China to extinction. Zhang Taiyan praised the Revolution: "if justice is not clear, it will be clear by revolution; if the old customs are all there, it will be clear by revolution. Revolution is not a powerful medicine for Tianxiong and rhubarb, but a good medicine for both reinforcing and reducing He also wrote a preface to Zou Rong's revolutionary army, saying that "China has been engulfed in the rebellion against Hu for 260 years, and that everyone should be happy to speak of revolution for the coolness of slaughtering and the work of deceiving and violence.".

Revolutionary lecture

On June 29, 1906, Zhang Taiyan was released from prison, and the Chinese League sent members to Shanghai to welcome Zhang Taiyan to Japan. He joined the Chinese League in Japan and edited the official newspaper of the Chinese League, min Bao. He delivered a speech at the welcome meeting for international students in Tokyo, describing "the history of one's life and the way of doing things in recent days". He believed that the most important thing is: "first, to promote confidence with religion and enhance the morality of the people; second, to stimulate variety with national quintessence and enhance patriotism." He said: "recently, there is a kind of Europeanism. They always say that the Chinese people are far inferior to the westerners, so they are willing to abandon themselves, saying that China is bound to perish and the yellow race is bound to be wiped out. Because he didn't know China's strong points and saw that there was no other way to be lovely, he planted his patriotism and love in his heart, which was declining day by day. If he knows, I think he is a heartless person, and his patriotism and love for planting will surely spring up The author thinks that "ancient things and historic sites can move the patriotic mind.". chapter

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