industrial promoter

industrial promoter

Sheng Xuanhuai (November 4, 1844 to April 27, 1916) was named xingsun, Youxu, wusheng, Xingsheng, Ciyi, Bulou, bieshuyuzhai and Zhisou in his later years. Han nationality, from Wujin County, Changzhou Prefecture, Jiangsu Province (now Changzhou City), was buried in Jiangyin after his death. In the late Qing Dynasty, officials, scholars, government businessmen, compradors, representatives of Westernization, famous politicians, entrepreneurs and philanthropists, known as the "father of China's industry", "father of China's business" and "father of China's higher education".

Sheng Xuanhuai created 11 "China's first": the first civil joint-stock enterprise, China Merchants Steamship Company; the first telegraph office, China General Administration of telegraph; the first inland river small Huolun company; the first bank, China Tongshang bank; the first railway trunk line, Beijing Wuhan railway; the first iron and steel joint venture, Hanyeping company; the first normal university, Nanyang public school (today's Jiaotong University); and the second National Normal University A mining company, the first public library, the first modern university, Beiyang University (now Tianjin University), and the Red Cross Society of China.

He was enthusiastic about public welfare and active in disaster relief. He creatively dredged Xiaoqinghe River in Shandong Province with the method of work relief. Sheng Xuanhuai experienced a legendary life and made remarkable achievements. He founded many pioneering undertakings, involving ship, telegraph, railway, iron and steel, banking, textile, education and many other fields. He had a great influence. He was famous at home and abroad, and later generations.

Life of the characters

fledgling

Sheng Xuanhuai was born in Longxi (now shengjiawan village, Wuxing Township, Zhonglou District, Changzhou City), Wujin County, Changzhou Prefecture, Jiangsu Province in the late Qing Dynasty (November 4, 1844).

In February 1860, the Taiping army arrived in Changzhou. Sheng Xuanhuai fled with his parents to Changjing town in Jiangyin, and then to Yancheng. At that time, Sheng Kang served as the grain road of Hubei, and sent people to Hubei.

In 1862, Sheng Xuanhuai married the Dong family. Sheng Kang was appointed as yanfadao in Hubei Province, and Sichuan and Huaibei fought for a place to lead each other. Sheng Xuanhuai proposed that Sichuan and Huaibei should go hand in hand. Sheng KANGYI encouraged his learning to be useful. At that time, Hu Linyi and Yan Shusen, who were successively governors of Hubei Province, were all famous figures of the school of statecraft. They were strict in military affairs and official administration, and ranked first in all provinces. Sheng Xuanhuai was deeply influenced by them and studied everything. He also regretted that he wanted to save the time and save the world.

In 1866, Sheng Xuanhuai and his second younger brother went back to Wujin County to take the boy's test, and both of them joined pan to help the students in Wujin County.

Sheng Kangzhi's grandfather died in 1867. Sheng Xuan failed in the nostalgia test. Sheng Kang lived in the family and kept the system. He was determined to set up the Yizhuang, increase the sacrificial field, build the Yixue and the genealogy. Sheng Xuanhuai also participated in the planning.

Assist in Westernization

In 1870, he entered Li Hongzhang's tent and helped Li Hongzhang with his foreign affairs. He was appreciated by Li and was promoted to the rank of magistrate the next year.

In 1875, Li entrusted Sheng to handle coal, iron and mining affairs in Hubei Province, and from then on, Sheng began to handle mining affairs.

In 1876, Sheng Xuanhuai set up "Hubei coal and iron mining bureau" in pantang, Guangji County, Hubei Province, and hired Guo shidun, a British miner, to survey the coal and iron deposits in Hubei Province.

In July 1877, Guo shidun and others explored Daye iron mine. In November, Sheng Xuanhuai went to huangshigang to conduct a detailed survey on the land property rights of Tieshan together with Lin Zuo, governor of Daye county. He also bought part of the land property rights of Tieshan from the people and planned to set up an ironmaking plant near the Dongwu King Temple (now Shenjiaying) in huangshigang. Later, due to the difficulty in raising funds, Li Hongzhang did not approve.

Qing Guangxu five years (1879), the Department of Tianjin Hejian bingbei road.

In 1884, he went to Guangdong to deal with the Shamian incident and went to Tianjin Customs Road.

In 1885, he was the supervisor of China Merchants Group.

Qing Guangxu 12 years (1886), served as Shandong Denglai Qingbing Daotai and East customs supervision.

In the 13th year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty (1887), Yantai was the sole proprietorship of passenger and freight shipping. The scope of shipping not only extended to the whole coast of Shandong, but also opened up the route from Yantai to Lushun.

In August 1889, Zhang Zhidong decided to move the ironmaking plant to Hubei. When Sheng Xuanhuai paid a visit to Zhang and talked about steelmaking, Zhang mentioned that there was no iron ore, and Sheng immediately said that he was willing to give the Tieshan mine he had bought in Daye to Zhang Kaifa. At the end of the year, Sheng had an interview with Zhang about the start-up of the iron mine, and put forward four useful suggestions for Zhang. Zhang Zhidong then built Hanyang Iron and steel plant and opened Daye iron mine. Daye Iron Mine became the first large-scale mine with machine mining in Chinese history.

In the 17th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (the spring of 1891), the first guangrentang charity in Jiaodong was set up in Yantai.

Qing Guangxu 18 years (1892), Zhili Tianjin Customs Road and Zhili Tianjin Customs supervision.

In 1895, Beiyang University (the predecessor of Tianjin University) was established in Tianjin. After the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, Sheng Xuanhuai repeatedly asked for his removal, but he was not allowed to.

rapidly go up in the world

In 1896, he took over Hanyang Iron factory and Daye Iron Mine, and established Nanyang public school (the predecessor of Jiaotong University) in Shanghai. He was awarded the title of Shaoqing in Taichang temple.

In the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (May 27, 1897), he also set up China general commercial bank on the Bund of Shanghai, and signed the draft contract of railway loan with Belgium, Britain and the United States. In December, he was awarded the title of Shaoqing in Dali temple.

In the 27th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (November 1901), he was awarded the title of Prince Shaobao for his meritorious service in protecting the southeast.

Qing Guangxu 28 years (1902) in February, as is the second grade Department of left Shi Lang.

In 1905, Sheng Xuanhuai founded the Red Cross Society of China in Shanghai. In the same year, he ceded his railway power to Tang Shaoyi, which was the beginning of the transportation system headed by Tang and with great power in the early days of the Beiyang government. In July, he was instructed to ride a horse in the Forbidden City.

In 1907, Sheng Xuanhuai was called to Beijing. The next year, he was appointed the right Minister of the Ministry of post and communication.

In 1908, Hanyang Iron Works was still unable to make profits because it was controlled by Japan, so it was necessary to expand its production scale. Sheng Xuanhuai then merged Hanyang Iron plant, Daye Iron Mine and Pingxiang coal mine to establish "Hanyeping coal iron plant and Mine Co., Ltd." and changed "official supervision and commercial operation" to a fully commercial operation company, which was recommended as the general manager of the company. The general office is set up in the two mines of metallurgy and Pingdingshan, which is in confrontation with Hanyang Iron Works. The third is to attract more investment shares to solve the problem of expanding production funds.

In 1909, Sheng Xuanhuai, in view of the fact that "the prosperity of Commerce depends on the development of shipping industry, which depends on talents", set up an aviation administration department and a navigation class in Nanyang public school. Later, he became Wusong Merchant Shipping College in 1912, which is the predecessor of Dalian Maritime University and Shanghai Maritime University.

In 1911, after Yuan Shikai was removed from office, Sheng Xuanhuai was promoted to a higher position

Qing Ministry of Communications

minister

He suggested that the railways and postal services established by the provinces themselves should be transferred to the leadership of the central government. This measure was opposed by many places, and road protection movements took place in Sichuan, Guangdong, Hunan and Hubei. Sheng Xuanhuai ordered all localities to suppress it.

On the run

On October 10, 1911, after the Wuchang Uprising broke out, Sheng Xuanhuai invited Yuan Shikai out of the mountain. At the same time, he was condemned by all parties. Many people blamed his road closure policy for causing unrest. Sheng Xuanhuai was dismissed and moved to Dalian, never to use it again. Sheng fled to Kobe, Japan.

At the beginning of the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Sheng Xuanhuai saw that the government of the Republic of China needed money for military expenditure in Japan, so he got Japanese loans by "jointly establishing" Hanyeping company between China and Japan, and set up a relationship with the government of the Republic of China to save his disadvantage. So the government of the Republic of China secretly planned with Japan's monopoly financial resources, and signed two "joint" treaties with Mitsui and Zhengjin consortia in Kobe and Nanjing. On February 12, Sheng Xuanhuai borrowed 3 million yen from Japan's Zhengjin bank and transferred part of the money to Mitsui, which transferred about 2.5 million yen to Nanjing government. When the news came out, the whole country was in an uproar. Under the strong pressure of the people, Sheng Xuanhuai was forced to agree to rescind the contract and resign as the general manager of Hanyeping company.

Invited back to China

On November 30, 1912, after the founding of the Republic of China, Sheng Xuanhuai was invited by Sun Yat Sen to return to Shanghai from Japan, and continued to preside over the shipping merchants Bureau and Hanyeping company in the Shanghai concession.

In the second year of the Republic of China (may 1913), Sheng Xuanhuai took up the post of chairman of Hanyeping company and regained the power of Hanyeping company. According to the resolution of the first general meeting of shareholders in the first year of Xuantong, he started to build Daye Iron Works and expand the production scale of the company. In order to solve the problem of capital construction, on December 2 of the same year, five contracts were signed with Nippon Steel Institute and Yokohama Zhengjin bank. With all the properties of Hanyeping company as collateral, the loan is 15 million yen, of which 9 million yen is used for the construction of Daye iron plant, 6 million yen is used to repay Japan's old debt, 15 million tons of first-class minerals and 8 million tons of pig iron are prescribed to be supplied to Japan for repayment for 40 years. Japanese were employed as the top engineering consultant and the top accounting consultant. These contracts made the Nippon Steel Company completely control the operation and management of Hanyeping company, and made Hanyeping company gradually decline.

In the fifth year of the Republic of China (April 27, 1916), Sheng Xuanhuai died of illness in Shanghai. He will donate half of his family property to charity fund. Mrs. Zhuang held an extremely grand funeral for him, which made a sensation in Shanghai and cost 30 yuan

Chinese PinYin : Sheng Xuan Huai