Jiadao

Jiadao

Jia Dao (779-843) was born in Fanyang (now Zhuozhou, Hebei Province) in the Tang Dynasty. It's called jieshishan people. Tang Dynasty poet, a great scholar, is called "poetry slave".

In his early years, he became a monk. It is said that when he was in Chang'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi Province), because he was ordered to forbid monks to go out in the afternoon, Jia Dao wrote poems and complained. Han Yu discovered his talent and became a "painstaking poet". Later, he was taught by Han Yu and took part in the imperial examination. In Tang Wenzong's time, he was excluded and demoted to be the chief book of Changjiang County in Suizhou (now Daying County in Suining City), so he was called Jia Changjiang. At the beginning of Huichang, Emperor Wuzong of the Tang Dynasty joined the army from Puzhou Sikang to Sihu.

Jia Dao was poor all his life and wrote poems. Most of his poems were about desolation and desolation. He was good at five rhythms and focused on words and sentences. It is as famous as Meng Jiao, and later generations use "cold suburb and thin island" to describe the style of his poems. There is a collection of the Yangtze River.

(general drawing reference)

Life of the characters

He became a monk in his early years

In his early years, Jia Dao was poor and lived in shiyukou village, Fangshan. He is a monk and has no right to make a living.

Returning to the common customs

At the age of 19, Jia Dao traveled to Chang'an, the capital, and met the poet Meng Jiao. After returning to the common customs, he repeatedly won the imperial examinations. In the Tang Dynasty, Wenzong served as the director of Changjiang County (now Daying County, Suining City, Sichuan Province), so he was called "Jia Changjiang".

In the winter of the fifth year of Yuanhe (810), I came to Chang'an and saw Zhang Ji. The following spring, to Chang'an, began to pay homage to Han Yu, with poetry deeply appreciated. After returning to the common customs, he repeatedly won the imperial examinations. Wenzong, because of defamation, demoted the Yangtze River (now Daying County, Sichuan Province) book. He once wrote the poem of "sick cicada" to stab Gongqing (Chronicle of Tang Poetry).

In 840, he moved to Puzhou to join the army.

On July 28 (August 27), the third year of Huichang (843), Jia Dao died in Puzhou.

Main impact

Jia Dao's poems formed a school in the late Tang Dynasty and had a great influence. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Wei was listed as one of the seven people who rose to the throne. In Qing Dynasty, Li Huaimin's "the subject and object pictures of poets in the middle and late Tang Dynasty" was called "the lonely and lonely master", and many of his disciples "entered the room" and "reached the door". Li Dong in the late Tang Dynasty, Sun Sheng in the Five Dynasties and others highly respected Jia Dao, and even worshipped his portraits and poetry collections, which were like gods (Biography of Tang gifted scholars and reading records of Jun Zhai).

Jia Dao's painstaking chanting is actually a painstaking effort in refining the meaning, sentences and words. And these are inseparable from the ideological content and the times of the works. First of all, we can see that Jia Dao is very hard at refining his ideas, so his works have a fascinating artistic conception. If you write a poem and the mood is not good, tasteless, people read interest, it is better than no poem. With a good artistic conception, we must ensure that this kind of artistic conception can be fully expressed in words and sentences.

Every sentence and word of Jia Dao's poem has been repeatedly refined and carefully revised. But when he finished it, the readers could not see any trace of the modification, just as if it was completely out of nature. Thus it can be seen that the so-called bitter chanting can only be said from the aspect of the author's hard work, but from the aspect of the reader's appreciation, the author's suffering should not be seen.

Historical evaluation

"Poetry of the whole Tang Dynasty" records Han Yu's poem to Jia Dao, saying: Meng Jiao died in Beimang mountain, and the sun, the moon and the stars suddenly felt at leisure. The article is interrupted for fear of heaven, and Jia island is reborn in the world.

Anecdotes and allusions

He became a monk in his early years

Fan Yang, Jia Dao's hometown, used to be the home of Anlu mountain. After the an Shi rebellion was settled, it was occupied by a vassal town for a long time and was in a semi isolated state. Jia Dao was born into a civilian family with a humble family background. Therefore, the rate of his early years is not to be tested. It is said that he applied for the exam several times before he was 30 years old, but he failed. Frustrated and forced to make a living, he had to live as a monk in Shimen. His poor family situation and lonely life in the Buddhist temple have cultivated his lonely, cold and introverted character. He is fond of strange things, indifferent to glory and profit, and has few lingering feelings about the world. However, he still loved to recite poems, often forgetting himself in order to conceive good sentences, "although he sat and slept, he kept on chanting." Therefore, Jia Dao is regarded as a typical poet of the Tang Dynasty.

The origin of deliberation

One day, Jia Dao went to the outskirts of Chang'an city to visit a friend named Li Ning. He searched along the mountain road for a long time before he found Li Ning's home. At this time, in the dead of night, the moonlight was bright, and his knock on the door woke the birds in the tree. Unfortunately, Li Ning was not at home that day, so Jia Dao left a poem:

Title of Li Ning's secluded residence

Live in leisure with few neighbors, and grass path into the wasteland garden.

The bird sleeps in the tree by the pool, and the monk knocks at the door under the moon.

Cross the bridge and move the stone to move the cloud.

I'll come here for a while. I'll live up to my words.

The next day, Jia Dao rode his donkey back to Chang'an. On the way, he thought of the impromptu poem he had written last night. He thought that the word "Tui" in "birds stay in the trees by the pool, monks push the door under the moon" was not appropriate enough. Maybe it would be more appropriate to use "knock". Jia Dao rode a donkey, singing, knocking and pushing at the door, and unconsciously entered Chang'an city. People on the street were very amused to see him like this. At this time, Han Yu, who was an official in the capital, came face to face with the guards of honor. Pedestrians and vehicles all gave way one after another. Jia Dao, riding on a donkey, rowed and even broke into the guard of honor. The messenger brought him to Han Yu.

Han Yu asked Jia Dao why he broke in. Jia Dao read his poem to Han Yu, but he couldn't decide whether to use "push" or "knock". After listening, Han Yu began to think about it with great interest. After a while, he said to Jia Dao, "it's better to type. When visiting friends on a moonlit night, even if there is no bolt in the friend's house, you can't bump into the door rashly. Knocking on the door means you are a polite person! Moreover, the word "knock" makes a little more sound when the night is quiet. Is it not lively when there is movement in stillness? " Jia Dao nodded after listening. This time, he was not only not punished, but also made friends with Han Yu.

From then on, deliberation has become a popular word. It is used to describe that when writing an article, writing a poem or doing something, you have to think over and over again to get the best result.

The imperial examination didn't go well

Is Jia Dao a Chinese Jinshi? In which year did you become a Jinshi? It's not to be tested, but it's true that he had a rough career. Jia Dao failed in the examination many times, but once he was not only dethroned, but also labeled as "the ten evils of the field" because of "chanting the words of sick cicada to stab Gongqing". What saddens him even more is that his good friend Meng Jiao died of a sudden illness in the ninth year of Yuanhe (814). In 824, Han Yu died again. At this time, Jia island is still a white dress. It was not until the old age of Jia Dao that Jia Dao became the principal of Changjiang County. In the fifth year of Kaicheng (840), Jiadao passed the examination in the third year, and moved to Puzhou (now Anyue County, Sichuan Province) to join the army. On July 28 (August 27), the third year of Huichang (843), Jia Dao died of illness.

What contribution Jia Dao made to the Yangtze River is not recorded in historical records. Su Jiang of Tang Dynasty praised Jia Dao in his epitaph of Jia sicang that he had been in office for three years. It seems that after Jia Dao became an official, his hobby of reading and reciting poems remained unchanged.

Write poetry assiduously

Jia Dao is famous for his hard work in writing poems. This is also reflected in his own poems. For example, under the sentence of "walking alone in the shadow at the bottom of the pool, counting the rest of the tree on the side of the body" in the poem "sending no one to go up", he notes: "two sentences in three years, one chant, two tears flow. If you don't appreciate a bosom friend, you will lie down in the autumn of the mountain. " "Two sentences for three years" is naturally an exaggeration, but he often takes great pains to recite poems, but it is true. Su Wen's compilation and drawing of the book of Wuzhong sages

It is also because of his hard work that he can make up for his lack of talent, so that he finally won a place in the starry Tang Dynasty poetry world, and left many excellent works. For example, in his "memory of Wu Chushi on the river", he said, "when the state of Fujian sails away, toads will recover. The autumn wind gives birth to the Weishui River, and the fallen leaves fill Chang'an. It was cold and thunderstorm here. LAN radial special did not return, the news Sea Cloud The whole poem is full of vigor and vitality. In particular, the couplet "autumn wind produces Weishui River, and fallen leaves fill Chang'an" conveys the poet's deep feelings for remembering his friends vividly, which is worthy of being a famous sentence passed down through the ages.

Another example is his "to Korea Chaozhou Yu", which said: "this heart once sailed with Mulan to the tide head of Tiannan. He came to Huayue from the chapter of Ge Ling, and wrote letters to pass through Taki river. The peak hangs, the post road is broken, the sea soaks, the city roots and the old trees fall. One night, the miasma and the wind were all over, and at the beginning of the moon, they went up to the West Tower. This paper describes Jia Dao's suspense and sympathy for Han Yu, and sets off Han Yu's open and aboveboard, broad realm, high syllables and long sentiment, which shows Jia Dao's meaningful writing ability in plain places.

Another example is his poem xiadi: "xiadi only has an empty bag, how to live in the emperor's hometown! Who is drunk by the flowers when the Apricot Garden crows? Tears fall, so the mountain is far away, disease comes, spring grass grows. It's not easy to meet a bosom friend, but it's hard to be alone in Sanxiang. " He expressed his pain after he was No.1. Jia Dao's life was very unsuccessful, lonely and poor, and his official career was very difficult. Therefore, his poems mainly described the lonely and quiet realm. However, there are also some works of generosity and agitation, such as his "sick Uighur chant": "the handsome bird still perches on a high place, freeing himself to go down the ladder. Sometimes revealed to fly, nothing with the wind into the grass fan. The sun and the moon fly back to the golden edge. If you don't lose your hair, how can you be so ambitious Still ambition, ambition is hard to grind, still fantasizing about the chance to fight in the air. This kind of vigorous factor in his thought is often revealed by the image of the old general. For example, in his "Dai Jiu Jiang": "old stories are like dreams. Who should believe me. There are several battlefields, and there is no one in the trilogy. When the sun sets, the sick horse will be picked up. Judith used it in the holy Dynasty

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