Feng Zhi
Feng Zhi
Feng Zhi (September 17, 1905 - February 22, 1993), formerly known as Feng Chengzhi, was born in Zhuozhou, Zhili, a modern poet and scholar. Feng's family is a famous salt merchant in Tianjin. Salt was introduced to Zhuozhou in Zhili. After the invasion of China by the Eight Allied forces, they took refuge in Zhuozhou, so they were born in Zhuozhou. He studied in Beijing NO.4 middle school.
In 1923, he joined Lin Ruji's literary group Asakusa society. In 1925, Chenzhong society was established with Yang Hui, Chen Xianghe, Chen Weimo, etc., publishing Chenzhong weekly, semimonthly and Chenzhong series. In 1930, he studied in Germany and successively studied in Berlin University and Heidelberg University. In 1935, he received a Ph.D. degree from Heidelberg University. He taught in Tongji University from 1936 to 1939. He was the director of the Institute of foreign literature, Chinese Academy of social sciences.
Personal life
In 1912, he studied in a private primary school founded by his uncle Feng Xuezhang. After the primary school was closed, he learned some chapters of 300 Tang poems and Guwen Guanzhi from his father at home.
In 1917, after graduating from Zhuoxian primary school, he entered Beijing NO.4 middle school. Influenced by the May 4th New Culture Movement, he began to write poems.
He was admitted to Peking University in the summer of 1921.
In 1923, he joined the literature and art group Asakusa society.
In 1924, Gu Sui was appointed as a teacher by Qingdao jiaoao middle school at the end of last semester. He invited Feng Zhi to Qingdao for a holiday. From early July to mid August, he spent more than 40 days happily in Qingdao. After the summer vacation, I listened to Lu Xun teach "symbol of depression" by Kitagawa Baicun. He met the poet Ke Zhongping.
In 1925, he founded Chenzhong society with his friends and published many poems and essays.
In April 1927, he published his first poetry anthology "song of yesterday", and in August 1929, he published his second poetry anthology "journey to the north and others", recording his teaching life in Harbin after graduating from university.
In 1929, he published his second book of poems, journey to the north and others.
From the end of 1930 to June 1935, he studied in Germany for literature, philosophy and art history.
He went to Germany to study in 1930, during which he was influenced by German poet Rilke.
At the end of February 1931, he met Liang Zongdai in Heidelberg. In gongdorf's class, I met Willy Bauer, who was preparing his doctoral dissertation, and later became a good friend. Feng Zhi decided to leave Heidelberg for Berlin in August. At the University of Berlin, he began to study the literature of Goethe's time. He met Chen Quan, and had contacts with his classmates Jiang Fucong and Zhu Qian.
He returned to China in September 1935 and served as a professor and director of the Affiliated High School of Tongji University in July 1936.
From 1939 to 1946, he was professor of German in the Department of foreign languages, southwest United University of Kunming. During these seven years, his creation and research were in a relatively prosperous period, and he wrote poetry collection "sonnets", prose collection "landscape", historical novel "Wu Zixu", academic papers, essays and so on.
From July 1946 to 1964, he taught in the Department of western languages, Peking University.
On July 4, 1948, Feng Zhi went to Tsinghua University to see Zhu Ziqing for the last time. During the summer vacation, at the invitation of Yang Zhensheng, the whole family stayed in the summer palace for more than a month.
On January 29th, 1950, he gave a report on Goethe at the philosophy seminar of Peking University. From March 30 to June 7, he visited Hungary, Czechoslovakia and the German Democratic Republic with the delegation and stayed in Moscow for several days.
After 1951, he was also the head of the Department. He wrote a biography of Du Fu, which was well received at that time.
In February 1954, he visited Anshan Iron and steel company with Wu Zuxiang, Huang Yaomian, Xiao Yin, Ge Yang, etc. From June to August, he visited the Democratic Republic of Germany and Romania. In Berlin, I met with Anna siegels, Becher, Brecht, Weiskopf and other writers. That year, he was elected deputy to the first National People's Congress.
From October to November 1959, he and Cheng Fangwu went to democratic Germany to attend the 550th anniversary celebration meeting of Leipzig University. After the meeting, Feng Zhi attended the 200th anniversary celebration meeting of Schiller's birth.
In September 1964, he was transferred to the director of the Institute of foreign literature of the Chinese Academy of social sciences to engage in foreign literature research.
In July 1970, he left Yandong garden and moved to Yong'an Nanli outside Jianguomen. He went to Xi county cadre school in Henan Province.
From June 7 to 28, 1979, a delegation from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences visited the Federal Republic of Germany, headed by Feng Zhi. Visit Heidelberg again. Visit the Germanic research laboratory and Oriental Art Research Laboratory of Heidelberg University. He recuperated in Huangshan from July 19 to the end of September. From October 30 to October 16, he attended the Fourth National Congress of the people's Republic of China. He was elected vice president of the Chinese Writers Association at the Third Congress of the Writers Association.
In 1982, he resigned as director and became honorary director. He was elected vice chairman of the Writers Association of China at the third and fourth congress of the Writers Association of China.
In 1985, the Ministry of higher education of the German Democratic Republic awarded him the "green brothers literature award".
In early June 1987, he went to the Federal Republic of Germany with Yao kekun and Han Yaocheng to accept the Art Award of the Federal Republic of Germany international exchange center. On the 5th, the president of the Federal Republic of Germany, weitzek, received Feng Zhi. He visited Heidelberg for the third time from June 6 to 10. On the 14th, he visited Vienna at the invitation of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. On the 18th, he visited Weimar and Berlin at the invitation of the Ministry of higher education of the Democratic Republic of Germany. On December 15, on behalf of the German government, the ambassador of the Federal Republic of Germany to China, Han Peide, awarded the Grand Cross, the highest honor of the Federal Republic of Germany, to Feng Zhi.
On January 14, 1988, together with Zang Kejia, Bian Zhilin and Ai Qing, he participated in the "Poetry Day" activity jointly organized by the Chinese Writers Association, poetry magazine and Beijing Youth Palace. On May 16, he and Han Yaocheng went to Kassel, Federal Republic of Germany, to receive the "Friedrich Gondorf prize for foreign Germanism" awarded to Feng Zhi by the German language and Literature Institute of Darmstadt. Back to Beijing on the 25th.
On April 25, 1989, he was elected president of the newly established Nordic Literature Society of China. In August, the first "Feng Zhide philology research award" was announced in Beijing. From August to mid October, he suffered from pleurisy and was treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.
personal works
The above information is from:
Research methods
make foreign things serve China
The research method of "making foreign things serve China". Feng Zhi called his method of "making foreign things serve China" as "absorbing foreign nutrients". This formulation itself also shows that the subject of "foreign for China" is China, and "foreign" is used as the creative subject of Chinese people, which can and is willing to be accepted by Chinese readers. Feng Zhi's main academic works, biography of Du Fu and on Goethe, and other academic papers he wrote all carry out this spirit. He clearly said that "we do foreign literature research not for the sake of research, nor for foreigners, but from the needs of China, and the fundamental purpose is to provide reference for the development of socialism." When he was the head of the Department of western languages at Peking University, he carried out teaching reform and revised his teaching plan many times. He emphasized two things every time: one was that students in the Department of western languages should lay a solid foundation in foreign languages; the other was that those who studied foreign literature should learn Chinese literature well. Feng Zhi's view that "those who study foreign literature should understand Chinese Literature" is very clear-cut. It not only embodies the fundamental principle for whom Chinese foreign language and literature serves, but also conforms to the discipline law of language and literature as a whole.
Rigorous and realistic
Rigorous and realistic style of study. I'm afraid that the idiom of "writing an article in strict accordance with logic" is to say that it should not be written according to logic. But I think it is far from scientific to just follow this sentence, because these two conditions only explain the subjective requirements of the author when writing an article, and do not propose that the article should be objective. However, if there is another "seeking truth" in addition to "preciseness", it will ensure that what is said in the article should conform to the objective, or strive to be close to the objective. Only in this way can it be called the requirement of scientificity. Feng Zhi did his research work according to the two requirements of "preciseness and truth-seeking". We can see this attitude from his two main works, biography of Du Fu and on Goethe. I would also like to talk about a few things (or principles) that Feng Zhi often emphasizes to enrich our understanding of his "rigorous, truth-seeking" academic method.
personal honor
In 1980, he was employed as a foreign academician of the Royal Swedish Academy of literature, history and cultural relics.
In 1981, he was employed as the communication academician of the Mainz Academy of Sciences and literary Sciences of the Federal Republic of Germany.
In 1983, he was awarded the Goethe medal by Goethe theatre in Munich, Federal Republic of Germany.
In 1985, democratic Germany awarded him the green brothers prize.
In 1986, he was appointed as the communication academician of Austrian Academy of Sciences.
In 1987, he was awarded the 1987 International Exchange Center Art Award by the international exchange center of his country, and the University of Heidelberg in Germany awarded him the "gold doctor certificate". In the same year, he was awarded the Grand Cross of the Federal Republic of Germany.
In 1988, the Darmstadt Institute of language and literature of the Federal Republic of Germany awarded him the Dorf prize.
Personal evaluation
Lu Xun once praised him as the best lyric poet in China.
Feng Zhi is also a researcher of Chinese literature. He began to brew the biography of Du Fu in the 1930s and published it in the early 1950s. When the biography of Du Fu was serialized in "new observation", Mao Zedong read it. Once, Mao Zedong held Feng Zhi's hand and said that his writing of the biography of Du Fu was "a good thing for the Chinese people".
As a poet, Feng Zhi left many classic poems for us
Chinese PinYin : Feng Zhi
Feng Zhi
