Hu Linyi

Hu Linyi

Hu Linyi (July 14, 1812 - September 30, 1861), a Han nationality, was born in quanjiaohe, Yiyang County, Hunan Province. He was one of the famous officials in the late Qing Dynasty and an important leader of the Hunan army.

In the 16th year of Daoguang, he was a Jinshi and editor. He was the same examiner and Deputy examiner of Jiangnan Rural examination. He successively served as the magistrate of Anshun, Zhenyuan, Liping and Guidong Dao. In the fourth year of Xianfeng, he moved to Sichuan as an inspector general. In the next year, he transferred to Hubei as an inspector general and was promoted to governor of Hubei. During the period of fue, he paid attention to straightening out the administration of officials, introducing talents, and coordinating the relations among all parties. He recommended Zuo Zongtang, Li Hongzhang, and Yan Jingming many times, which was praised by people. Together with Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, and Peng Yulin, he was known as the "four famous officials of Zhongxing".

He died of hemoptysis in Wuchang in 1861, and his posthumous title was Wenzhong. There are "Hu Wenzhong Gong Yi Shu" and so on.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Hu Linyi was born in an official family. His father, Hu Dayuan, once won the first and third place in the Imperial Academy as a scholar, and directly went to the Imperial Academy to teach editors. Later, the official came to Zhan Shi's office to do less Zhan Shi, which was called sipingjing hall. Because of this, Hu Linyi received great attention from childhood, got better education, and had many adventures. When he was six years old, his grandfather taught him to read the Analects of Confucius. When he was eight years old, his grandfather was compiling local records in Yiyang Local Records Center, and he was with him. Tao Shu, who was going to serve as a soldier in eastern Sichuan, went back to his hometown Yiyang to visit his relatives. When he saw Hu Linyi, he was shocked and said, "I've got a quick son-in-law." so he ordered a baby to marry his five-year-old daughter to him. At the age of 19, Hu Linyi married Xiuzi, Tao Shu's daughter, at Tao's villa in Taohuajiang. After marriage, he was a teacher of CAI Yongxi. He taught "for the sake of useful learning, not focusing on literature and art, but on military strategy and official administration.". Hu Linyi "has been a teacher for two years, and he has been a teacher for life.". At the age of 21, Hu Linyi and his wife sent his mother-in-law, Mrs. he, to take up the post of governor of Taoshu and Liangjiang in Nanjing. Tao Shu was a representative of the reactivation of the school of statecraft in the Jiadao period. He was able to handle affairs well and had an excellent political voice. After staying in the festival for one year, Hu Linyi personally saw Tao Shu's measures to promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages, and was deeply influenced, "his spirit changed.". In a letter to his father, he wrote: "when my father-in-law retired, he often talked with a man for a long time. The father-in-law's mind is extremely profound. He has decades of experience in his official career. He knows everything from ancient times to modern times. He uses circumstantial evidence and quotations to judge the importance of stealing in the cave. It's not simple for men to benefit from it. " in Jiangnan, Hu Linyi gained a lot. From then on, he "read everything in his books, but he was not a scholar of chapters and sentences. He devoted himself to historical records, Hanshu, Zuoshi Zhuan, Sima's Tongjian and Chinese and foreign maps, mountains and rivers, military and political secrets, and discussed Youli.". In addition to being imbued with statecraft, during this period, Hu Linyi also got the opportunity to practice. In May of 1831 (the 11th year of Daoguang), the flood of Yuanxiang and Yiyang were severely affected and the hungry people were displaced. Hu Linyi, who was studying at home, worried that the starving people would turn into chaotic people. He said with emotion that "a scholar should take the world as his duty". He stepped forward and met with the county magistrate, "please make up your household registration according to the disaster area and persuade the rich people to pay for the relief.". He also put forward specific disaster relief plans, that is, to order the Baojia of the disaster stricken areas to make household register according to the situation of the rich and the poor, which is divided into upper, middle and lower levels. The upper level does not care, the middle level can buy rice at a reduced price, and the lower level can give rice free of charge, with a deadline of one month. In order to supervise Baojia and prevent its malpractice, Hu Linyi suggested that "local gentry should be selected to cooperate with Baojia to prevent Baojia from being bullied". In view of the fact that the donation was resisted by the rich people for more than ten days, he was so angry that he had to "advocate it". First, he asked his father-in-law's family to donate two thousand taels of silver as an example, and then he earnestly advised other rich people to "sincerely feel it, take great responsibility for it, use dangerous words to move it, and reward it". Finally, he made everyone donate money enthusiastically and finally made tens of thousands of dollars. "Already, scattered rice table food, all live very many.". At that time, Hu Linyi was only 20 years old. In his letter to his grandfather, he described in detail the process of the incident, saying: "it came from sun's intention. No one praised it, but more than ten people were depressed. Sun thought that Mount Tai was collapsing in front of him and did not move, and the elk ran to the left and did not care

Stepping into official career

In the 16th year of Daoguang, Jinshi was selected as an excellent scholar and was awarded the title of editor. In 1840, he successively served as the same examiner and Deputy examiner of Jiangnan Rural examination. In 1846, it was distributed to Guizhou as a magistrate. As a matter of fact, he is a local official of Guizhou Province who came through donation. It turned out that after Hu Lin Yi's recovery, he felt that there was not much room for him to go up because he was short of a supplementary official in Beijing. His students also thought that he was talented and could make more achievements as a local official, so they pooled money to donate money to him as a magistrate. According to the donation rules at that time, donators could choose their own land, and Hu Linyi could have chosen a developed place to be an official. But he was born in the right way. He was once an official, and he was ashamed to donate money to an official. So he preferred to go to a remote place to distinguish himself from those who lost money as an official. In the letter to his younger brother, he said bluntly: "the official world is getting worse and worse. Those who were officials who paid for the money all chose those who were good at their land and thought that they were rich. Qian, a place of barren land and a remote place, has been neglected by people. However, my brother is the only one who takes money from Guizhou. Officials from Guizhou can offer gifts instead of goods. If you use etiquette, you will know your self-respect. If you don't use goods, you will know how to serve the people. How can you manage the common people? " As for his friend's puzzlement, he explained: "all the resources are contributed by others When a man first came to govern this country, he was barren, or he could keep the wind of innocence, but he would not bear the kindness of his good friends. " Before he took office, he also "paid homage to the tombs of his ancestors and vowed not to take any money from the officials to make himself fat, so as to bring shame to his predecessors." later, he served as the magistrate of Anshun, Zhenyuan, Liping and Guidong. During his term of office, he strengthened regiment training and Baojia, and suppressed the Miao uprising in Huangping, Taigong, Qingjiang, Tianzhu and liyuanfa uprising in Hunan. Hu Linyi is good at both literature and martial arts, and can write poems and essays. He advocates that "the use of military force is not as good as the use of the people". The use of military force can only cure the symptoms and take a temporary contribution. The use of the people is the root cause and enjoy long-term stability. Hu Linyi, as the governor of Anshun, Guizhou Province, was determined to settle down. He often wore sandals and short clothes, went deep into the masses, touched the people's feelings, explored the bandits' feelings, led the officers and soldiers to fight with the bandits hundreds of times, accumulated rich combat experience, and compiled Hu's art of war.

Governor of Hubei

In 1854 (the fourth year of Xianfeng), he promoted his host to Hubei and Hunan to fight against the Taiping army. Zeng Guofan, with his "great talent and meticulous mind", was able to defend himself, and ordered him to lead an army and fight with him. On January 29, 1855, 120 light warships of Hunan Navy rushed into Poyang Lake and sailed up to Gutang. They were intercepted in the lake by Taiping army. As a result, the large warships in the Yangtze River lost the protection and cooperation of light warships and their fighting power was greatly reduced. On the same day, the old camp of balijiang water division of Hunan army was attacked by Taiping Army's navy. More than 40 ships were burned and the others fled back to Jiujiang. On February 11, the Jiashui camp of Jiujiang was attacked by the Taiping army again. Zeng Guofan's boat was burned and captured. All the documents were lost and nearly died. The rest of the boats also sailed and fled. On February 23, the Taiping army occupied Hanyang and Wuchang. Zeng Guofan turned to Nanchang. Hu Linyi was also forced to withdraw from the periphery of Jiujiang and return to Wuchang. He took 1800 people with him to camp in Zhuankou on March 6. Li enchang, governor of Hubei Province, was killed on March 4 by the governor of Qingkou. Thus the war of besieging Wuchang for more than a year began. After Hu Linyi was appointed to act as governor of Hubei, he began to take charge of military affairs independently. He selected generals to train and reorganize the troops. On May 1 of the same year, he supervised the Ministry to force the troops out of Wuchang. On the 17th, the governor attacked the sandbank in Wuchang. On the 27th, the army and water divisions were dispatched to attack Wuchang, which was disadvantageous. On June 10, with the cooperation of the Navy, Wang Guocai, deputy general, led his troops to attack Hanyang. He led his troops to attack Wuchang. Knowing that his camp in Jinkou was empty, the Taiping army made a detour to attack Jinkou and forced him to return to his old camp. When Hu Linyi led his troops to attack Hankou and Hanyang, on September 12, the Taiping army attacked Jinkou in six ways. The Qing army was defeated, and the army and camp broke up one after another. The Navy retreated to the new dike. Due to the collapse of Daying, Hu Linyi was forced to retreat to Zhashan from Hanyang. On the 18th, the Taiping army attacked in eight different ways, and the army barracks of Hu Linyi were scattered because they owed too much money. Hu Linyi's troops broke up one after another, which prompted him to make up his mind to eliminate the old bravery. So he sent Dusi Bao Chao from the navy to Hunan and recruited another 3000 new soldiers. At the same time, he dispatched Luo Ze's southern Hunan army to help him from Jiangxi Province. In October, Luo Zenan led 5000 people from Yining, Jiangxi Province to help. They occupied Tongcheng and Chongyang, and Hu Linyi led the troops to meet them and captured Puqi. They also cooperated with reinforcements to defeat Wei Jun and Shi Dakai of Taiping Army and recover Xianning City. Take advantage of the victory to attack Wuchang and win many battles. On April 6, 1856, due to the arrival of reinforcements, the Taiping Army in Wuchang was strengthened, so it opened its gates and launched a powerful counter attack against the Qing army. Hu Linyi and Luo Zenan were forced to resist. At this time, Luo Zenan, eager to win, attempted to take the opportunity to invade the city and occupy Wuchang, so as to quickly return to Jiangxi. As a result, he was hit in the head by Taiping Army shells and killed five days later. After Luo Zenan's death, Li Xubin, the prefect under Luo Zenan, took over the army. In July 1856, Shi Dakai took part in the Anti Japanese camp in the south of the Yangtze River and led his troops to aid Wuchang from Tianjing. After entering Hubei, he divided his troops into four groups to encircle the Qing army in Wuchang. On August 18, Shi Dakai's troops arrived at lujiaxiang, a suburb of Wuchang, and the war became tense again. At this time, internal strife broke out in Tianjing of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and tens of thousands of Yang Xiuqing and his subordinates were killed. In the first ten days of September, Shi Dakai led his troops back to Tianjing and Jingnan. The military pressure on the periphery of Wuchang was relieved, and Hu Linyi was able to recruit more soldiers, dredge up Changhao and besiege Wuchang tightly. In December 1856,

Chinese PinYin : Hu Lin Yi