Shi Liang
Shi Liang
Shi Liang (March 27, 1900 - September 6, 1985), born in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, is a contemporary Chinese jurist, politician and pioneer of feminist movement.
During the period of the Republic of China, she was a famous lawyer in Shanghai and an active participant in the national salvation movement and the movement for democracy. She was arrested and jailed for taking part in and leading the Anti Japanese salvation movement. She was one of the "seven gentlemen" in China. During the period of new China, she was the first minister of the Department of justice of the people's Republic of China, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and member of the Democratic Party of China Two Central Committee presidents of the league. She is the pioneer of the people's judicial work and the founder of the judicial administration in New China, and one of the leaders of the Chinese women's movement.
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Life of the characters
Early experience
On March 27, 1900, Shi Liang was born into an intellectual family in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. In 1914 (the third year of the Republic of China), due to financial difficulties, Shi Liang did not officially enter Wujin County women's normal school until he was 14 years old. However, before entering the school, he had learned calligraphy and reading with his father, and learned a lot of historical stories from his father's extensive knowledge and new ideas, thus sprouting a preliminary national consciousness and patriotism. In 1919 (8 years of the Republic of China), she took part in the May 4th Movement and served as the president of Changzhou women's teachers' Association. She was also promoted as the vice president and director of the Evaluation Department of the student union of the fifth provincial middle school, Changzhou Nanshi and women's teachers' three schools, and joined the academic association. In order to ban Japanese goods and encourage the business community and workers to strike, she often makes propaganda speeches outside the country. Many letters and telegrams are written by Shi Liang. Shi Liang graduated from Wujin female teacher in the summer vacation of 1922 (the 11th year of the Republic of China). With the support of her friends, she entered Shanghai University of law and politics to study law, because she felt that women's political participation in old China was far away, but studying law could help the oppressed people. In 1925 (the 14th year of the Republic of China), during the May 30th Movement, Shi Liang took an active part in the demonstration, chanting the slogans of "against imperialism" and "down with the traitors". He was arrested and released one day later. Later, he also edited a publication named Snow disgrace, which publicized national independence and opposed the invasion of foreign powers. In 1926 (the 15th year of the Republic of China), when he was studying in the University of law and politics, Shi Liang took part in the struggle of the students of the University against the president's only emphasis on money, regardless of the quality of teaching. As a result, four students were expelled. Shi Liang was very unfair. He stepped on the platform and reasoned with the president, which made the president's reasoning difficult. Then Shi Liang and 100 students formed a nursing group. At that time, Wang Kaijiang initiated the establishment of Shanghai University of law, with Dong Kang, a famous person in the judicial circle, as the president. Shi Liang and more than 100 students who participated in the nursing group left the University of law and politics and entered Shanghai Law University. After that, Shi Liang became Dong Kang's favorite student.
Lawyer career
In 1927, she graduated from the KMT's Political Department as a lawyer, and was assigned to the KMT's Political Department as an upright person He was arrested and jailed for the necessary charges. In prison, Shi Liang witnessed some Communists who would rather die than surrender. He also saw the inhumane crimes in the old Chinese prison and the darkness of the Kuomintang. Two months later, her father invited Cai Yuanpei through Dong Kang to rescue her. In 1930 (the 19th year of the Republic of China), Shi Liang served as director of the training and Administration Department of the special municipal Party Department of the Kuomintang in Qingdao, and returned to Shanghai half a year later. In the same year, the name of Shanghai Law University was changed to Shanghai law school, and the case was registered with the approval of the Ministry of education. In 1931 (20 years of the Republic of China), he started his business as a lawyer, served as an executive member of the Shanghai Law Association, and joined the revolutionary society for mutual aid of humanity, a peripheral organization of the Communist Party in Shanghai. During his term of office, he handled many cases of rescuing Deng Zhongxia, Ren Baige, Xiong Jinding, Fang Zhida and other underground CPC members. In addition, Shi Liang handled many women's cases, most of which were marriage cases. In the process of handling women's cases, she learned about the oppression of Chinese women at that time. The examples she saw with her own eyes have become valuable materials for her work in the future, prompting her to further realize that only when women are liberated in a society can she be regarded as the truth of real liberation.
Anti Japanese and national salvation
On August 1, 1935 (24 years of the Republic of China), the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) published the book of appealing to all compatriots for the purpose of resisting Japan and saving the country, calling on the whole country to unite, stop the civil war and resist Japan together. Under the influence of the Anti Japanese national united front policy of the Communist Party of China, the Anti Japanese national salvation movement flourished in Shanghai. The women's salvation Congress of Shanghai was first established. Shi Liang was one of the founders and elected as the director. After the founding of the National Salvation Association of Shanghai cultural circles, Shi Liang was elected as the executive member. In 1936 (the 25th year of the Republic of China), the aggression of Japanese imperialism became more arrogant, and the national crisis further deepened. On May 31, the National Federation of all walks of life for saving the nation was officially established. Song Qingling, Shen Junru and other 40 people were elected as executive members, of which Shi Liang was an important member. In order to promote the Kuomintang's resistance against Japan, she, together with Shen Junru, Zhang Naiqi and Sha Qianli, went to Nanjing as representatives of the National Salvation Association to petition, and actively participated in the propaganda activities of resistance against Japan and national salvation. On November 22, the KMT government arrested Shen Junru, Zhang Naiqi, Zou Taofen, Li Gongpu, Sha Qianli, Wang Zaoshi and Shi Liang, the leaders of the National Salvation Association, and created a prison of "seven gentlemen" that shocked China and foreign countries. Shi Liang was the only lesbian among the "seven gentlemen". She refused the enemy's luring plot in prison and insisted on the just stand of patriotism and innocence. After the July 7th incident, the Anti Japanese war began. With the support of the people of the whole country and the urging of the CPC Central Committee, Albert Einstein, John Dewey and other international friends also participated in the aid. Only then was she rescued by Song Qingling, He Xiangning and Hu Yuzhi Get out of jail. During the Anti Japanese War, Shi Liang served as a member of the National Political Council, and was the only woman in the constitutional period of the National Political Council. She fought unremittingly for democracy and women's rights. She strives to make it clear in the constitution that men and women are equal and that women's rights are guaranteed. For example, in the fight for constitutional government, she insisted on fighting for equal rights between men and women, and proposed that not only the fact of equality between men and women should be clearly stipulated in the "general outline" of the constitution, but also the number of women's representatives should be written in the chapter "National Assembly" no less than 15%. In fact, she wanted to fight for 20% - 30%. "This has never been mentioned before. In the old semi feudal and semi colonial society, fighting for women's rights to such an extent is really a kind of pioneering work." It is also suggested that women workers should go to the grass-roots level, go to the urban and rural women masses, and carry out publicity and education on political participation.
Life of the Democratic League
In order to fight against Chiang Kai Shek's dictatorship, the Anti Japanese organizations of the National Political Council, such as the national salvation Congress, the Action Committee for the liberation of the Chinese nation, the Chinese vocational education society, the rural construction group, the National Socialist Party and the Youth Party of China, jointly planned to establish a unified organization. On March 19, 1941 (30 years of the Republic of China), the Chinese democratic political League alliance was established, and the National Salvation Association did not join. It was not until 1942 that Shi Liangcai joined the alliance of Chinese democratic political groups. During the Anti Japanese War, Shi Liang also served as the executive director of the wartime child care association and the director of the design committee. The society has set up more than 40 nurseries all over the country, taking in and caring for more than 20000 children. Shi Liang also served as the executive director of the Chinese women's Association, uniting patriotic women from all walks of life and doing a lot of work for the cause of political democracy and women's liberation. in order to meet the needs of the situation, the National Conference of the China Democratic Political League league was held in Chongqing on September 19, 1944 (in the 33rd year of the Republic of China). It was decided that the China Democratic Political League should be reorganized into the China Democratic League based on individual participation, and Zhang Lan, an independent person, should still be the chairman. In September 1945 (the 34th year of the Republic of China), the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the China Democratic League was established, and Shi Liang was elected member of the Municipal Committee and member of the organization. In November 1945 (35 years of the Republic of China), at the first National Congress of the China Democratic League, Shi Liang was co elected as a member of the Central Committee of the Democratic League of China and a standing member of the Central Committee of the Democratic League of China. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, Chairman Mao Zedong and vice chairman Zhou Enlai went to Chongqing to negotiate with Chiang Kai Shek and reached a "double ten agreement". They decided to hold a Political Consultative Conference (hereinafter referred to as "the old Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference") with the participation of all parties to discuss the country. Shi Liang served as an adviser to the delegation of the China Democratic League. Together with other leaders of the league, she worked closely with the Communist Party of China to fight for democracy, against dictatorship, for peace and against civil war. After the old Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, Shi Liang returned to Shanghai to continue his practice as a lawyer and actively participated in the democratic revolution. In October 1947 (the 36th year of the Republic of China), the KMT government declared the NLD an illegal organization and forced it to stop its public activities. In January 1948 (37 years of the Republic of China), the NLD held the Third Plenary Session of its first Central Committee in Hong Kong and decided to work closely with the Communist Party of China to fight for China to overthrow Chiang Kai Shek's dictatorship and expel the forces of American imperialism. Shi Liang was unable to leave Shanghai for Hong Kong because of her situation at that time. Sha Qianli, who had been to Hong Kong to attend the plenary session, was entrusted to attend on her behalf. Later, according to the decision of the headquarters of the league, she established the East China executive department of the league in Shanghai and served as the head of the East China executive department
Chinese PinYin : Shi Liang
Shi Liang
