Li Lisan

Li Lisan

Li Lisan (November 18, 1899 June 22, 1967), an outstanding member of the Communist Party of China, proletarian revolutionist, outstanding leader of the Chinese workers' movement, former member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Secretary General of the National Civil Air Defense Commission, and vice chairman of the all China Federation of trade unions.

Li Longzhi, a native of Liling, Hunan Province. He went to France to work and study in September 1919 and returned to China to join the Communist Party of China in 1921. He once held the actual power of the central government. He made the mistake of "establishing the three line" in 1930, but he soon realized how to correct it. During the years of struggle, he "died" three times, and the organization and comrades held three memorial services for him. After the founding of new China, he served successively as secretary of the working committee of the CPC Central Committee and vice chairman of the all China Federation of trade unions. He was brutally persecuted during the cultural revolution and died unjustly in Beijing on June 22, 1967. On March 20, 1980, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China rehabilitated Li Lisan.

Note: the former names are Li Nengzhi, Li Cheng, Baishan, Li Ming, Li minran, etc.

Life of the characters

In 1899, Comrade Li Lisan was born in yangsanshi village, Liling County, Hunan Province. In his youth, he was intelligent and eager to learn, determined to save the country and the people.

In 1919, influenced by the May 4th patriotic movement, he went to France to work and study, explore the truth and pursue progress. During his stay in France, while working in a steel plant and taking part in the strike struggle, he studied Marxism hard and gradually realized that only Marxism can save China.

In 1921, together with Zhao Shiyan and other comrades, he organized the labor society to publicize revolutionary ideas and organize revolutionary activities among Chinese students and Chinese workers in France, and took the revolutionary road without hesitation. In October, Comrade Li Lisan was persecuted by the French authorities and sent back to China. He arrived in Shanghai in December and then joined the Communist Party of China. Soon after, appointed by Comrade Mao Zedong, Secretary of the Hunan Branch of the Communist Party of China, he went to Anyuan to carry out the workers' movement. In Anyuan, Comrade Li Lisan founded a supplementary school for workers, which combined cultural education with the propaganda of Marxism, inspired workers' awareness of struggle, and established party and League organizations among workers.

In February 1922, Anyuan branch, the earliest branch of industrial workers in Hunan District of the Communist Party of China, was established, with Comrade Li Lisan as secretary. In May, Anyuan road and mining workers' club was established, with Comrade Li Lisan as its director. On September 12, he presided over a meeting of Anyuan branch, established a strike headquarters and served as the General Commander. Together with Comrade Liu Shaoqi, he took the correct strike strategy and led the Anyuan road miners' people's Congress strike to a complete victory, which improved the prestige of the party organization among the workers, expanded the party's influence and promoted the development of the national workers' movement. This strike is the first time that the Communist Party of China has independently led and won a complete victory in the workers' struggle. Undaunted by the threat of assassination, Comrade Li Lisan resolutely stood in the front line of the struggle and made important contributions to the victory of the strike. Since then, his life has been closely linked with the Chinese workers' movement.

In the spring of 1923, Comrade Li Lisan became chairman of the Executive Committee of Wuhan District of the CPC.

In April 1924, he served as director of the Ministry of industry and agriculture of the Shanghai local executive committee of the Communist Party of China and director of the trade union movement committee, leading the workers' movement in Shanghai, where most workers are concentrated.

In February 1925, together with Comrade Deng Zhongxia, he led the workers of Shanghai Japanese funded cotton mill to hold an unprecedented strike. After the May 30th massacre, Comrade Li Lisan served as chairman of the Shanghai Federation of trade unions and took part in organizing and leading the May 30th Movement, which shocked China and foreign countries. He led the workers in Shanghai to shift from a decentralized state to a centralized organized activity. He also led the Shanghai Federation of trade unions, the all China students' Federation and the all China Road Business Federation to form a united front Shanghai Joint Committee of industry and commerce. As an open commanding organ of the movement, he pushed the May 30th movement across the country. The May 30th Movement fully demonstrated the great power of the united struggle of all revolutionary classes and people of all walks of life under the leadership of the working class, and dealt an unprecedented blow to imperialism and warlords.

In September 1926, Comrade Li Lisan was appointed director of the Hankou Office of the all China Federation of trade unions. He was responsible for guiding the workers' movements in Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Sichuan, Henan and other provinces. Since October, he has successively served as the leader of the workers' movement in Hubei District of the Communist Party of China, Secretary of the all China Federation of trade unions and Secretary of the Hubei Provincial Federation of trade unions. In January 1927, Comrade Li Lisan took part in the anti imperialist struggle leading to the recovery of the British concession in Hankou and Jiujiang. He took part in three anti British demonstrations and processions attended by hundreds of thousands of people, cooperated with the diplomatic negotiations of the Wuhan National Government, forced the British government to make concessions and return the concessions in Hankou and Jiujiang to China. This is a major victory in the history of the Chinese people's anti imperialist struggle and diplomacy. In May, at the Fifth National Congress and the first plenary session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Comrade Li Lisan was elected as a member of the Central Committee and a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee (a member of the provisional Standing Committee of the Central Committee since July and an alternate member of the provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee after the August 7th Meeting), and began to hold important leading positions of the Party Central Committee.

In 1927, in the face of the severe situation after the failure of the great revolution, Comrade Li Lisan firmly advocated armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries and mobilizing the masses to wage a new struggle. On July 20, he, Deng Zhongxia and other comrades proposed to the Party Central Committee to launch an independent military action against the Kuomintang reactionaries, which was approved by the Central Committee. On the 27th, he was appointed as a member of the former enemy Committee of the Communist Party of China, the leading body of the Nanchang Uprising with Comrade Zhou Enlai as the secretary. He was responsible for public security, labor movement and mass work, and was one of the decision makers and important leaders of the uprising. After the uprising, he went south to Guangdong with his troops, and along the way he led the work of mobilizing the masses and removing traitors and tyrants. In October, he submitted to the Central Committee a report on the course and lessons of the August 1 revolution, which systematically summarized the experience and lessons of the Nanchang Uprising earlier in the party. Nanchang Uprising started the first shot of armed resistance against Kuomintang reactionaries, marking the beginning of the party's independent leadership of the revolutionary war, the establishment of the people's army and armed seizure of power. Comrade Li Lisan made great efforts before and after the uprising and established an indelible historical merit.

From June to July 1928, Comrade Li Lisan attended the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Moscow of the Soviet Union, participated in the leadership of the Congress, and made a report and conclusion on the issue of farmers to the Congress. He was elected as a member of the CPC Central Committee at the Congress, and was elected as an alternate member of the Political Bureau and an alternate member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee at the first plenary session of the sixth CPC Central Committee. In November, he became a member of the Political Bureau and Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee, served as Minister of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, and participated in the main leadership work of the CPC Central Committee.

After the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Comrade Li Lisan did a lot of fruitful work in publicizing and implementing the spirit of the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, restoring revolutionary forces and developing revolutionary movements. He took a clear-cut stand in criticizing the pessimistic thoughts and negative emotions in the party during the low tide of the revolution, emphasizing the implementation of the line of striving for the masses at the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and pointed out that "only by going deep into the masses, expanding the organization of the masses, and restoring the fighting emotions of the masses" can we promote the high tide of the revolution. He enthusiastically supported Mao Zedong and Zhu De's struggle for the armed separatist regime of workers and peasants, introduced and popularized the tactical principles and experience of Zhu Mao's Red Army, and praised them as "the vanguard of the Armed Revolutionary peasants and led by the proletarian political party". Together with Comrade Zhou Enlai, he clearly supported Comrade Mao Zedong's leading position in the front Committee of the Fourth Red Army, properly solved the internal disputes of the Fourth Red Army, and played a positive role in the convening of the Gutian Conference and the formation of the resolution of the Gutian Conference. He also attached great importance to the party's literary and cultural work in the Kuomintang ruled areas. He set up the Central Cultural Work Committee in the Central Propaganda Department, led the formation of left-wing cultural groups such as the Chinese left-wing writers' Union and the Chinese social scientists, dramatists, artists and educators' Union, which greatly promoted the formation and development of the left-wing cultural movement.

In 1929, after more than two years of hard struggle, the party gradually extricated itself from the extremely serious predicament, and the situation of revolutionary struggle was obviously improved. However, the situation of the strong enemy and the weak enemy did not fundamentally change, let alone form the climax of Chinese revolution. Influenced by the "left" guiding ideology of the Communist International, Comrade Li Lisan unrealistically estimated the situation and put forward a systematic "left" wrong proposition. In June 1930, under the leadership of Comrade Li Lisan (Comrade Zhou Enlai did not return to the Soviet Union at this time), the Political Bureau of the Central Committee passed the resolution of "the new revolutionary climax and the first victory of one or more provinces" drafted by him. So far, the "left" party has gained a dominant position in the Party Central Committee. The "left" error of the "three line" in history called for the holding of the National Central City uprising with Wuhan as the center and the concentration of the Red Army to attack the central city, which caused serious losses to the party and the revolutionary cause.

Facing the severe situation, Comrade Li Lisan realized his serious mistake relatively quickly. At the Third Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in September 1930, with the help of Qu Qiubai, Zhou Enlai and other comrades, he admitted his mistakes and made self-criticism, and then left the central leadership post. At the end of the same year, in accordance with the requirements of the Communist International, Comrade Li Lisan went to Moscow to review his mistakes repeatedly at a series of meetings of the Far East Bureau and the presidium of the Executive Committee held by the Communist International. In the following 15 years, he worked in the Soviet Union according to the decision of the Communist International. He was the director of the Chinese Department of the Communist International Workers' Publishing House and the editor in chief of the national salvation times. He also engaged in the secret telecommunication coding and decoding between the Communist International and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and continued to work hard for the revolution as far as he could. In the Soviet Union, he was always concerned about the domestic revolutionary struggle. After the outbreak of the national war of resistance against Japan, he repeatedly asked to return to China "to be the first in the Anti Japanese struggle"

Chinese PinYin : Li Li San