chen ziang

chen ziang

Chen Ziang (birth and death year controversial), word Boyu, Zizhou Shehong (now Sichuan) people. He is one of the poets and innovators in the early Tang Dynasty. Because he once served as the right collector, he was later called Chen collector. Together with Sima Chengzhen, Lu zangyong, song Zhiwen, Wang Shi, Bi Gou, Li Bai, Meng Haoran, Wang Wei and he Zhizhang, they are known as the ten friends of Xianzong.

In his youth, Chen Zi'ang was generous and generous. In the first year of civilization (684), he was promoted to be a scholar. Empress Wu Zetian attached great importance to the above-mentioned Book Theory and politics, and gave Lin Tai the right word. Later, he picked up the information and dared to remonstrate. He was once jailed for "rebelling against the party" against Empress Wu. He joined the frontier fortress twice and had a long-term vision of Frontier affairs. In the first year of the holy calendar (698), his father died soon after his father returned home. During Chen Zi'ang's funeral, Wu Sansi, a powerful minister, ordered Luo Zhi, the magistrate of Shehong County, to be charged with persecution and eventually died in prison.

There are more than 100 poems written by Chen Zi'ang, whose style is lofty, profound and vigorous. Among them, the most representative are "dengyouzhou Taige", "dengzezhou North Tower banquet" and a series of poems "38 sentimental poems", "Jiqiu visiting ancient times and giving Lu Jushi seven poems to collect". In 1960, Zhonghua Book Company published the collation and annotation of Chen Zi'ang's works.

Life of the characters

Youth

Chen Zi'ang was young and intelligent. He was young and chivalrous. He was seventeen or eight years old and did not know how to write. Later, because of the injury of fencing, he abandoned his martial arts and began to study literature. He was determined to refuse his old friends. He read a lot of books and was good at writing. In a few years, he learned to be a father of hundreds of schools. At the same time, he was concerned about state affairs and asked for political achievements.

In 679, Chen Zi'ang left the Three Gorges and went north to Chang'an. He entered Guozijian, the highest institution of learning at that time, and took the imperial examination in the second year. He returned to his hometown after he lost his second place. Back to the ancient Li Jinhua mountain study, "in a few years, the classics and history of a hundred, not comprehensive view.". He was good at literature, elegant and had the style of Xiangru and Ziyun, which laid a solid foundation for his later innovation of literature. In the first year of Yongchun (682), Chen Zi'ang, who had made great achievements in his studies, entered Beijing again to take the examination, which is still unknown.

Stepping into official career

In the first year of Tang Ruizong's civilization (684), Chen Zi'ang was a Jinshi and an official. Later, he was promoted to the right and picked up the remains. He dared to remonstrate. When Empress Wu was in power, she was a cruel official in credit and killed innocent people indiscriminately. He was not afraid of persecution, and he wrote many admonitions. Wu Zetian planned to dig the Yazhou road in Shushan to attack the Shengqiang people. He wrote against it and advocated to have a rest with the people. His remarks were straight and often not accepted, and he was once jailed for "rebelling against the party" against Wu Zetian.

In the second year of chuigong (686), he followed zuobuque Qiaozhi's army to Juyanhai and Zhangye River in Northwest China. Long live Tongtian first year (696), Qidan Li Jinzhong, sun Wanrong rebellion, and with the Jian'an Wang Wu You Yi army to attack Qidan. He joined the army twice, which made him have a deeper understanding of the frontier situation and the life of the local people.

Be slandered

In the first year of the holy calendar (698), his father died soon after his father returned home. During the mourning period, Wu Sansi, a powerful minister, ordered Duan luozhi, the magistrate of Shehong County, to be charged and persecuted. He died unjustly in prison (Shen Yazhi's letter to Zheng Shi Jun on Jiujiang). He was only 41 years old.

Main impact

Chen Zi'ang's innovation of poetry and prose has a great influence on the history of Tang poetry, and has far-reaching significance. Chen Zi'ang changed the style of poetry in the early Tang Dynasty, which made Tang poetry get rid of the influence and bondage of Qi and Liang Dynasty's decadent style. Chen Ziang's innovation of poetry and prose paves the way for the healthy development of Tang poetry. It is the theoretical basis and basis for the development of Tang poetry, and also the wind vane of the reform of Tang poetry. Chen Zi'ang advocated "elegant" voice, which made the writing style of Tang poetry close to the reality of social life, made the literati tend to draw materials from real life in the process of creation, and made the literati begin to pay attention to society and people's life.

Chen Zi'ang's innovation of poetry and prose pointed out the direction for the confused literati. It laid a magnificent scene of poetry and prose in the Tang Dynasty. The literature of the prosperous Tang Dynasty took Chen Zi'ang's innovation of poetry and prose as the theoretical guidance, which made the literary style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty magnificent. Chen Ziang criticizes Qi Liang poetry as decadent, divorced from social reality, and lacks social elements in his works. After Chen Ziang's Poetry Innovation, most of the poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty come from real life, and the content fully expresses the author's inner thoughts, which is the expression of the author's true feelings. Chen Zi'ang's innovative practice of poetry and prose was accepted by the society at that time and highly appraised.

Chen Zi'ang was the pioneer of Tang poetry from closed to open. He had an important and far-reaching influence on the history of Tang poetry.

Poetry theory

In the preface to Xiuzhu, Chen Zi'ang once put forward the positive idea of poetry innovation. In the history of the development of Tang poetry, Chen Ziang's short essay is like a manifesto, marking the innovation and transformation of Tang poetry style. Liu Xie and Zhong Rong opposed the formalist style of poetry in the Southern Dynasties, and once advocated the tradition of "Bixing" and "Fenggu". Wang Bo objected to the court poetry style before and after longshuo, and also accused them of "having all the strength and energy, but not being vigorous". Chen Zi'ang inherited their ideas and pointed out that the poetic style of Qi and Liang Dynasty, which was regarded as the idols by the court poets in the early Tang Dynasty, was "colorful and complicated, but prosperous and unique". He pointed out the glorious tradition of "elegant and vigorous" and "Han and Wei style". As a pioneer example of creation, he realized the real innovation of poetry content under the banner of advocating the restoration of the ancients. "Xingji" and "Fenggu" are the primary issues related to the life of poetry. The essence of "Xing Ji" is to require poetry to carry forward the tradition of criticizing reality and to have a distinct political tendency. The essence of "style" is to require poetry to have noble and abundant thoughts and feelings and vigorous and substantial realistic content.

From the situation at that time, only the real innovation of the content can make the poetry bear the mission of the times. At the same time, due to the active efforts of the "four outstanding poets of the early Tang Dynasty" and other poets, the new style of Tang poetry has appeared, the court poetry style following Qi and Liang dynasties has become more and more dissatisfied, and the time for poetry innovation is more mature. Chen Zi'ang's idea of innovation was put forward at this time, which is not only of theoretical significance, but also of practical significance. It not only attacked the stale style of poetry, but also opened up the way for the budding new poets and new style of poetry at that time.

Following the four heroes, Chen Zi'ang stood up more firmly against the rule of Qi and Liang poetry style, and showed a distinct creative and innovative spirit in theory and practice. Chen Zi'ang's thought is very complicated. He is good at both chivalry and Buddhism, but the spirit of Confucianism is still the dominant aspect of his thought. Many of his political commentaries show his foresight of insight into the safety of the country and his enthusiasm of caring for the sufferings of the people. For example, in his memorials to shangshuchuan, he was worried about the invasion of the Qiang people, deeply sympathized with the "unemployment" and "escape" of the people in Shuchuan, and indignantly accused the "corruption", "invasion of fishing" and "deprivation" of the people. There are four or five quotations from his memorials and political commentaries in Zizhitongjian. His political enthusiasm is the driving force of his poetic innovation.

Chen Zi'ang further developed the rich and vigorous poetic style pursued by the "four outstanding poets of the early Tang Dynasty", thoroughly eliminated the gorgeous and delicate habits in Qi Liang poetry, and had a profound impact on the poets of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, such as Zhang Jiuling, Li Bai and Du Fu.

Poetry creation

Chen Ziang's poetic creation clearly and powerfully reflects his innovative ideas. Thirty eight sentimental poems is the main work to show this innovative spirit. These poems are not written at the same time. Some of them satirize reality and express feelings about current affairs, while others express feelings about life experience and ideals. The content is broad and rich, and the thought is also contradictory and complex. First of all, we should pay attention to those frontier fortress poems with strong reality. For example, when he was in the northern part of the Great Wall, he wrote "Chao Ru Yun Zhong Jun", in which he was deeply indignant at the fact that the generals were incompetent and the frontier people were constantly invaded by the Hu people. In his article "Shuo Feng blows the sea tree" when he was in the northern part of the Great Wall, he expressed deep sympathy for the suppression of the patriotic enthusiasm of the frontier fortress soldiers 》An article more clearly exposes Empress Wu's militaristic behavior of attacking Tubo by opening the Shu mountain. These poems break through the traditional custom of the frontier fortress poems with Pan archaic themes, and satirize the disadvantages of Empress Wu's internal affairs. In the poem "the sage is not selfish", he accused Empress Wu of his sycophantic behavior of wasting manpower and material resources in carving Buddha statues and building Buddhist temples. In the poem "a noble man is hard to be proud of", he bravely satirizes Empress Wu's style of sometimes trusting and sometimes killing his subordinates. These realistic poems show that his political ambition is closely related to his poetic innovation. His poems about his life experience are also very moving, such as "Lan ruosheng in spring and summer". The deep depression that the beautiful ideal can not be realized is vividly expressed by the artistic conception of the scattered plants and beautiful people in the songs of Chu. However, under different circumstances, his depression turned into a voice of indignation and generosity. For example, "this is your son.". There are also some works in 38 sentimental poems that lament the vicissitudes of life, praise seclusion and seek immortality, and give full play to the metaphysics of Buddhism and Laozi. For example, the works of "city people's wisdom" and "mysterious heaven is quiet and silent" all have strong negative thoughts of Buddhism and Laozi. There are also "dengyouzhou Taige" and "Jiqiu visiting ancient times and giving Lu Jushi seven poems" which were written by Chen Zi'ang when he went to Khitan with King Wu You Yi of Jian'an. Lu zangyong said in Chen's other biography: Zi ang was weak and ill, grateful for his loyalty and righteousness, and always wanted to fight to answer the national people. Since the official in the near service, and participate in the military plan, do not see danger and cherish the body gourong. The other day he remonstrated, and his words were very incisive. Jian'an declined, but he was appointed as a military officer. Zi ang knew that he didn't agree, because he was silent, but he was also in charge of the secretary. Because of climbing the North Building of Ji, I felt the happy land of the past and Yan Zhao, and wrote several poems. Nairan Ran Ran Ran with tears and sang: "before we see no ancients, after we see no comers. Read the world long, only pathetic and tears!

Chinese PinYin : Chen Zi Ang