Lin Fengxiang

Lin Fengxiang

Lin Fengxiang (1825-1855) was a famous general in the northern expedition of Taiping army. He is from Wuming, Guangxi. Zhuang nationality. In the first year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1851), he took part in the Jintian uprising, and successively served as the Imperial Guard of the Taiping army, the chief General of the local government, the first commander of the left temple, the first guard of the left temple, and the Deputy Prime Minister of the Tianguan. After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom established its capital in Tianjing, Li Kaifang and Ji Wenyuan were ordered to lead 30000 elite troops to the northern expedition. Taking Beijing as the target, they successively moved to Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Shanxi and Hebei provinces. In the winter of the third year, when the army came to Tianjin, it was unable to make a strong attack. In the spring of the next year, it took the initiative to withdraw to the south. In the spring of five years, he led the main force of the northern expedition to fight fiercely with the Qing army senggenqin in Lianzhen, Hebei Province. More than 6000 Taiping troops died bravely, and Lin was also captured and sent to Beijing. When he died in Beijing on March 15 (Yishuo 13), "he saw where the sword was, but he didn't say a word.". In 1863, he was granted the title of King Qiu by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

Character experience

Lin Fengxiang joined the Taiping Army in Yongan (now Mengshan) of Guangxi in 1851. Ren Yulin bodyguard. At the beginning of the third year of KUIHAO of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (the third year of Xianfeng of Wenzong of Qing Dynasty, 1853), kewuchang was the first to ascend to the city and became the Vice Prime Minister of Tianguan. In March, he attacked Nanjing and broke Yifeng gate for the first time. After the establishment of the capital of Tianjing, he and Li Kaifang led the army to conquer Yangzhou and Zhenjiang. In May of the same year, with Li Kaifang and Ji Wenyuan as the main generals of the northern expedition, he led more than 20000 elite soldiers to make an oath of the northern expedition in Yangzhou. After passing through Anhui, Henan and Shanxi, he conquered Zhili, defeated more than 10000 people in NAR jing'e department, governor of Zhili in the Qing Dynasty, and granted the title of marquis Hu. He continued to lead his troops from Shenzhou (today's Shenzhou City) to Cangzhou, arrived at Yangliuqing, and went straight to Tianjin to conquer Jinghai (Jinghai District of Tianjin). As a result, the army went deep and alone, and the grain and grass were not carried on, it was in another cold winter and was gradually in a dilemma. In 1854, he retreated to Fucheng, died in the war, and then retreated to dongguanglian town. In February 1855, the Qing army attacked Lianzhen in a hurry. The division commander fought hard and repeatedly attacked the enemy. In March, Lianzhen fell, was injured and captured, and then went to Beijing to die. Pursue the throne.

carry the world before one

In May 1853, during the northern expedition of the Taiping army, Lin Fengxiang was ordered to lead more than 20000 people from Pukou (now Nanjing) to the North via Chuzhou, Anhui Province, with Li Kaifang, the Marquis of Dinghu, and Wen Yuan, the Marquis of Pinghu. In June, it conquered Guide (now Shangqiu), an important town in Henan Province, defeated more than 5000 Qing troops and seized a large number of iron guns and gunpowder. Due to lack of vessels, they were unable to cross the Yellow River northward. Instead, they traveled westward along the South Bank of the Yellow River. The main force crossed the Yellow River in Gongxian County (now Gongyi) in July.

After crossing the river, they surrounded Huaiqing (today's Qinyang), attacked the fortified city internally and defended the Qing reinforcements externally. They repeatedly fought with the enemy, but failed to break the city and delayed the fight. At the beginning of September, they withdrew the encirclement, entered Shanxi from Yuanqu, broke Pingyang (now Linfen), reached Hongdong, and then inserted Taihang mountain to the East. At the end of September, they broke Linmingguan (now Yongnian County of Hebei Province) and entered Zhili (now Hebei Province). After the great earthquake of the Qing Dynasty, a patrol office was set up in the capital to dispatch troops to prevent the Northern Expedition troops from going north. At the end of October, Lin Fengxiang arrived in Xiyang Liuqing, Tianjin, and camped in Jinghai and Duliu towns, waiting for reinforcements. Hong Xiuquan and Yang Xiuqing learned that the Northern Expedition troops were blocked in Tianjin and were waiting for help. In February of the next year, they mobilized 7500 reinforcements to go north from Anqing. Lin Fengxiang was forced to withdraw from Jinghai Town and Duliu town.

Lin Li branch

On May 5, the fourth year of Jiayin reign of Taiping Kingdom (the fourth year of Xianfeng reign of emperor Wenzong of Qing Dynasty, 1854), he went to Lianzhen town of Dongguang County and agreed with Li Kaifang to divide the army. Li Kaifang led his elite cavalry to the south to meet the reinforcements and galloped to Gaotang, Shandong Province. He learned that the reinforcements had been defeated in Linqing, so he made a firm plan according to Gaotang. Lin Fengxiang, on the other hand, continued to be trapped in Lianzhen town. He was short of food and grass inside and no reinforcements outside. He fought against the GUI Ling Qing army under Seng gelinqin, king of Horqin Prefecture, with inferior forces. In February of the next year (1855), he abandoned Xilian town and concentrated on Donglian town.

The commander of the Qing army, Seng greenqin, surrounded Lian Zhen layer upon layer. When the rainy season came, the Qing army drew water from the south canal to submerge Lian Zhen, which made the Northern Expedition army run out of ammunition and food. However, Lin Fengxiang was calm and continued to command the breakout. Even Seng greenqin believed that the Northern Expedition army "although besieged and destitute, the grain and rice were cut off, and the people were used as food, either fighting or defending, without any hesitation, without any disorder", which fully demonstrated Lin Fengxiang's military ability and general demeanor.

fight a lone battle

On March 7, the 5th year of Yirong (the 5th year of Xianfeng, Emperor Wenzong of Qing Dynasty, 1855), Lianzhen was finally captured by the Qing army after nine months of fighting alone. Lin Fengxiang was seriously injured and retreated into the tunnel darkroom with some soldiers. The next day, he was betrayed and captured by the traitor Shi Shaoyuan. The case was sent to Beijing by Ruilin, the Minister of Qing Dynasty, and Jing Wendai, the commander in chief. Under the severe punishment of the Qing Dynasty, Lin Fengxiang left only a 403 word confession, recording his life experience. Finally, he was killed in the west of Beijing. At the time of execution (lingchi), Lin Fengxiang was not afraid. "Where the sword reached, his eyes were still looking at it, and he never heard a sound." he was 31 years old.

In the 12th year of renxu reign of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1863, the first year of Tongzhi reign of emperor Mu Zong of Qing Dynasty), Hong Xiuquan made Lin Fengxiang the front of the hall. In summer, he sent a telegram to inspect the heavenly army to support the imperial court and ask for the king's assistance.

Life in distress

During the reign of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, the local government set up an ingenious name, increased taxes to the people at will, and issued notices everywhere, claiming that if they disobeyed, they would be killed. The people's burden of land rent is heavy and unbearable. At that time, some people described the situation of peasants being exploited as follows: "in June, the new debt was urged, in October, the new rent was urgent, two crops were used to make grain, and there was no grain in the whole year"; "eight hundred miaojiang tingjiacha, scattered for 36 lawsuits, the fox was in line and the tiger was powerful, and every village rode horses and ate meat. Horse meat hoe money, hoe to seven hoe poor. The green green forest has become a black land, and there is no blue sky for a long time. "

Although there are many dry lands in Wuyuan County, there are few fields. In the feudal society with closed farming, only when there are many fields can they be self-sufficient. The peasants are even more exploited and oppressed by the landlords, and the common people are miserable. In the summer of 1844, Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan were engaged in revolutionary propaganda activities from Guangdong to Guiping and Guixian. In the Zijing mountain area, the God worship association was founded to publicize the idea of equality between God and Christianity, and to publicize the unity of all ethnic groups to eliminate goblins (officials of the Qing Dynasty). They were supported by the people of all ethnic groups and joined the God worship association one after another. Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang were also unwilling to endure exploitation and oppression. Together with more than a dozen young people, they abandoned their homes and left their hometown. They were full of blood and went to mount Zijing in Guiping to attend the God worship Association. On January 11, the first year of Xianfeng (1851), Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang took part in the world-famous Jintian uprising. The uprising was jointly launched by the Han, Zhuang, Yao and other ethnic groups, which opened the prelude of the modern Chinese people's national democratic revolution.

Brave and good at fighting

charge into the enemy ranks

After joining the Taiping army, Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang, led by the former General Xiao Chaogui, took the lead to attack the city and capture the stronghold, and made many achievements. When Yong'an was established, Lin Fengxiang was awarded the Imperial Guard and Li Kaifang the chief commander of Jin Yi. In April of the second year of Renzi (the second year of Xianfeng, Emperor Wenzong of the Qing Dynasty), Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang went north from Yong'an. In June, they entered Hunan, zhandaozhou, Lianke Jianghua, Yongming, Guiyang, Chenzhou, etc. On September 11, the Taiping army arrived at the foot of Changsha City. Lin Fengxiang seized the peak in the south of the city and fired artillery from high position, resulting in the collapse of the Qing army. Li Kaifang led his troops into Changsha City and launched a fierce battle with the Qing army, killing thousands of Qing soldiers. Because Lin and Li were resolute, brave and good at fighting, Lin Fengxiang was promoted as a local official general, and Li Kaifang was also promoted as a general of Jin Yizheng. On December 2, the Taiping army conquered Yiyang. Yang Xiuqing ordered Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang to lead vanguard troops to attack Yuezhou and Hanyang. In only 10 days, they occupied Hanyang, an important town in Hubei Province. Lin Fengxiang was promoted to the first commander on the left and Li Kaifang to the second commander on the right.

Conquer Nanjing

On January 12, 1853, the Taiping Army crossed the Yangtze River to attack Wuchang. With the cooperation of Li Kaifang, Lin Fengxiang led the advance team to bury mines, blow up Wenchang gate, enter the city and launch fierce street battle with the Qing army, defeated the Qing army and occupied Wuchang City. On the 14th of the same month, Yang Xiu, king of the East, ascended to Lin Fengxiang as the first checkpoint on the left and Li Kaifang as the second checkpoint on the right. Soon after, Hong Xiuquan, the "king of heaven", added Lin Fengxiang as the Deputy Prime Minister of Tianguan and Li Kaifang as the Prime Minister of diguan. On February 9, the Taiping army moved eastward by water and land. Lin and Li were ordered to command the land army and quickly conquer Jiujiang, Tongling, Wuhu, taipingfu, Hezhou and other places. In the middle of March, Taiping Army surrounded Nanjing City, and Li Kaifang led his troops to conquer jubaomen. March 19, captured Nanjing.

No victory in the Northern Expedition

The capital of Nanjing

After the capital of the Taiping army was established in Nanjing, the valiant generals Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang were ordered to lead the troops eastward and conquer Yangzhou in early April. In May, Lin and Li led more than 20000 people of the Taiping army to march from Yangzhou to Beijing, the heart of the Qing Dynasty. After Yizheng, he entered Anhui Province and even conquered Chuzhou, Fengyang and other places. In June, with the cooperation of the Nian Army in Anhui Province, they marched into Henan and attacked more than 4000 Qing troops of Lu yinggu, governor of Henan Province. They seized more than 10000 kilograms of gunpowder and occupied guide mansion, an important town in Eastern Henan Province. After that, they surrounded Kaifeng and camped in Zhuxian Town. From Zhuxian Town to the west, when there was a rainstorm, the water depth on the flat ground was more than ten feet. After passing through Zhongmou, Zhengzhou and Xingyang, he went to Gongxian County. He got the support of local people in Luohe River of Gongxian County and crossed the Yellow River by civilian boats. In September, the Taiping Army marched into Shanxi, then turned back to Henan, and entered Zhili from Wu'an to the East. On the 29th, it conquered linluoguan and defeated more than 10000 Qing troops of the governor of Zhili. And then the commander pointed to Shahe, Rencheng, Gaocheng, Shenzhou and other places in the north. On October 13, when zhangdeng Town, 30 kilometers south of Baoding, was approached, Beijing was shocked, and more than 30000 officials and gentry fled from the city.

Good news to Tianjing

Chinese PinYin : Lin Feng Xiang