Dong Biwu

Dong Biwu

Dong Biwu (1886-april 2, 1975), formerly known as Dong Xiancong, also known as Dong Yongwei, is a native of Huang'an (now Hong'an) County, Hubei Province. He is a model leader of the Communist Party of China. He is one of the founders of the Communist Party of China, one of the founders of the people's Republic of China, an outstanding proletarian revolutionist, Marxist politician and jurist, and the first leader of the Communist Party of China He is a member of the acting leadership and an important leader of the country.

Dong Biwu devoted his whole life to the cause of Chinese people's liberation, socialist revolution and construction. The party and the people will always cherish his memory.

Life of the characters

1、 The important founder and early leader of the Communist Party of China

In 1886, Comrade Dong Biwu was born into a poor family of teachers in Huang'an County, Hubei Province. He received good enlightenment education since childhood, and was admitted as a scholar at the age of 17. In his youth, Comrade Dong Biwu witnessed the decadent autocracy of the Qing government and the oppression and plunder of the Chinese people by Western powers, and was determined to save the country and the people.

On October 10, 1911, Wuchang Shouyi broke out. Comrade Dong Biwu resolutely went to Wuchang to fight. From a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, he became a firm anti imperialist and anti feudal Democrat. From then on, he embarked on the road of professional revolutionist who made unremitting efforts for the cause of Chinese people's liberation. Following Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the forerunner of the democratic revolution, he joined the league and the Chinese revolutionary party, and took part in the revolution of 1911 and the struggle against Yuan Shikai, the Northern Warlord. However, the darkness of Chinese society after the revolution of 1911 made him feel depressed and distressed, that is, the market was depressed, the people were depressed and gloomy, and people were happy to survive. Comrade Dong Biwu embarked on the road of re exploring the truth of saving the country and the people.

Under the influence of the October Revolution in Russia, Comrade Dong Biwu began to learn Marxism Leninism. He discussed the Russian Revolution and Bolshevism with Li Hanjun and others, and concluded that the Chinese revolution "must follow Lenin's road". After the May 4th Movement broke out, he took part in the anti imperialist Patriotic Movement in Shanghai, from which he saw the great power of the people's action and the new hope of the Chinese nation.

In August 1919, Comrade Dong Biwu returned from Shanghai to Wuhan and founded a private Wuhan middle school. Through the Liqun Publishing House sponsored by Comrade Yun Daiying, he managed to buy progressive books and periodicals such as "New Youth" and "Xiangjiang review" for students, invited Li Hanjun, Qian Yishi, Yun Daiying and others to give speeches at the school, spread and publicize revolutionary ideas, and made the school a cradle for training new revolutionary talents.

Under the guidance of the early organization of the Communist Party of Shanghai, Comrade Dong Biwu and Comrade Chen Tanqiu founded the early organization of the Communist Party of Wuhan in the autumn of 1920. Later, a Socialist Youth League and a Marxist Theory Research Association were established in Wuhan. Women's reading clubs and youth reading clubs were organized to spread new ideas. Deli comrades were sent to the workers to hold night schools and literacy classes to publicize Marxism Leninism to the workers. Under the leadership of Dong Biwu and other comrades, the revolutionary activities in Wuhan gradually became active.

In July and August 1921, Comrade Dong Biwu attended the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China and became one of the founders of the party. After the founding of the party, Dong Biwu served as a member of the Executive Committee of Wuhan district and Hubei District of the CPC. Under the leadership of him and the comrades of the district Party committee, Wuhan became one of the birthplaces of the modern workers' movement, and the famous Beijing Han railway workers' strike broke out. The Hubei farmers' movement also flourished, complementing the Hunan farmers' movement and forming a strong revolutionary momentum, which played an important role in promoting the victory of the Northern Expedition and the rapid development of the great revolution to the Yangtze River Basin.

In 1927, Chiang Kai Shek and Wang Jingwei betrayed the revolution one after another, and the grand revolution was defeated. On August 1, the CPC led the Nanchang Uprising. Comrade Dong Biwu, together with Song Qingling, Deng Yanda, Mao Zedong and other 22 people, jointly issued the declaration of Central Committee members, denouncing Jiang and Wang and calling for resolute struggle. In November, the East Hubei special committee of the Communist Party of China held a jute uprising. In the name of Comrade Dong Biwu, it issued notices and leaflets calling on workers and peasants to carry out armed struggle. As white terror became more and more serious, Comrade Dong Biwu went to Japan according to the party's instructions. In 1928, the party organization sent him to study in the Soviet Union. After returning to China in 1932, he served as the vice president of the CPC Central Committee and the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union. In October 1934, Comrade Dong Biwu, who was nearly half a century old, took part in the long march. With extraordinary courage and perseverance, he led the health team cadres of the logistics department, including dozens of Red Army women soldiers, to recuperate more than 100 people in a company. After many difficulties and dangers, he completed the long march. After arriving in Northern Shaanxi, he served as the president of the Central Party school and trained a large number of leading cadres to welcome the arrival of the national anti Japanese war.

2、 Outstanding leader of the party's United Front Work

Comrade Dong Biwu is not only the elder of the Kuomintang, but also the important leader of the Communist Party of China. From the two times of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to the founding of new China, he has made indelible contributions to promoting the victory of the Chinese revolution with rich theory and practice of the united front.

During the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Comrade Dong Biwu held important positions in the Central Committee of the Kuomintang, the party headquarters of Hubei Province and the government. He resolutely carried out the policy of "striving to stand at the central position of the Kuomintang" put forward by the first plenary session of the third Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, adhered to the independence of the Communist Party, and enabled the Communists to play a central role in the United Front. He made full use of the reorganized KMT as the organizational form of the United Front, absorbed people from all walks of life to participate in revolutionary activities, and built the KMT organization in Hubei into a Revolutionary Alliance of workers, peasants, urban petty bourgeoisie and national bourgeoisie, making Wuhan an important stage for KMT-CPC cooperation after the northern expedition.

During the national anti Japanese War, Comrade Dong Biwu, as a member of the CPC delegation and one of the main leaders of the Yangtze River Bureau and the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, worked in the Kuomintang ruled areas for a long time. Together with Zhou Enlai and other comrades, he faithfully carried out the comprehensive anti Japanese War line formulated by the CPC Central Committee, resolutely implemented the CPC's policy of Anti Japanese War, unity and progress, and did a lot of hard and meticulous work for consolidating and developing the Anti Japanese national united front. He led the founding of Xinhua Daily, the party's organ newspaper in the KMT controlled areas, and vigorously publicized the war of unity and resistance of the whole nation; he made friends with you Ren and other KMT upper class figures and KMT local power groups to strive for their unity and resistance; he supported and helped the establishment and development of democratic parties such as the China Democratic League; he used the position of the national political participation Council to strive for the people's liberation He advocated power and opposed the dictatorship of the Kuomintang. In April 1945, on the eve of the victory of the world anti fascist war, he attended the Chinese delegation as a representative of the Communist Party of China and went to the United States to attend the United Nations constitutional convention. During this period, he contacted overseas Chinese extensively and did a lot of United Front work overseas.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, China was faced with the choice of two fates and two futures. In order to implement the CPC Central Committee's policy of peace, democracy and unity and strive for a bright future, after the Chongqing negotiation, Comrade Dong Biwu, as a member of the CPC delegation, continued to participate in the KMT-CPC negotiations and the Political Consultative Conference, and fought tit for tat with the KMT authorities in order to strive for peace and democracy and stop the civil war. He made extensive and in-depth contacts with various democratic parties and patriotic and democratic personages. He took the initiative to visit Huang Yanpei, Zhang Lan, Tao Xingzhi, Li Gongpu and other well-known figures in society, to clarify the CPC's principles and policies, to exchange views on the convening of the CPPCC meeting, and to unify understanding and coordinate action on major issues. After the KMT government moved back to Nanjing, Comrade Dong Biwu, Zhou Enlai and other comrades led the CPC delegation to Nanjing to continue their hard and meticulous work for peace and democracy and against civil war dictatorship. After Chiang Kai Shek launched an all-round civil war, according to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee, Comrade Zhou Enlai returned to Yan'an, while Comrade Dong Biwu remained in Nanjing. Under extremely complicated and difficult conditions, he maintained contact with democratic parties and personages. At the same time, he attached great importance to the work of the upper ranks of the Kuomintang and its officers, which greatly promoted the continuous development of the people's democratic united front.

3、 The important founder of new China

With the victory of the national war of liberation, the CPC Central Committee began to prepare for the establishment of a national political power. In May 1948, the CPC Central Committee decided to merge the two liberated areas of Shanxi, Chahar, Hebei, Shandong and Henan into the liberated area of North China, and set up the joint administrative committee of North China, with Comrade Dong Biwu as the chairman. In August, the North China provisional people's Congress was held, and in September, the North China People's government, with Comrade Dong Biwu as its chairman, was established. He led the North China People's government to actively and orderly establish people's democratic political power at all levels, resume production, develop culture and education, establish the people's Bank of China, and unify financial and economic work. Through efforts, the North China People's government has established a systematic political power organization, accumulated rich experience in political power construction, trained a large number of cadres and talents to carry out political power construction, economic construction and cultural and educational development, and made important preparations in many aspects for the establishment of the Central People's Government. The North China People's government became the rudiment of the Central People's government.

In March 1949, the second plenary session of the seventh CPC Central Committee focused on the issue of winning national victory and preparing for the establishment of new China. Before that, Comrade Dong Biwu led the people's Government of North China to move to Peiping. He has received many democratic personages and representatives from all walks of life who have successively arrived in Beiping to discuss the establishment of new China. On behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China or the people's Government of North China, he has repeatedly attended national conferences in the fields of agriculture, women, youth, literature and art

Chinese PinYin : Dong Bi Wu