White rise

White rise

White rise (?)? In 257 B.C., the Bai family of the state of Qin, named from, came from Fuyi (now Baijia village, Changxing Town, Meixian County, Shaanxi Province). During the Warring States period, he was a famous general, an outstanding strategist and a representative of "strategists".

He was familiar with the art of war, good at using troops, good at making friends with empress dowager Qin Xuan, and had a good relationship with Marquis Wei Ran. He assisted King Zhao of Qin and made many achievements. In the battle of yique, 240000 allied forces of Wei and Han were defeated, and the road of Qin army's eastward advance was completely wiped out. In the battle of Chu, Ying City, the capital of Chu, was captured. The battle of Changping severely damaged the main force of Zhao state. He served as the general of the Qin army for more than 30 years and attacked more than 70 cities. He made great contributions to the unification of the six states of the state of Qin and was granted the title of "Qin"

Wu An Jun

. He made great achievements, offended Ying Hou and demoted his officials one after another. In the 50th year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty (257 BC), he was given death by du you.

As another outstanding strategist and commander in chief after Sun Wu and Wu Qi in Chinese history, Bai Qi, together with Lian Po, Li Mu and Wang Jian, was known as the four famous generals of the Warring States period, and later ranked among the ten philosophers of the Wu Temple.

Life of the characters

cut a striking figure

When Bai Qi was born, Qin's national strength was already very strong. In the 12th year of King Zhao of Qin, the state of Qin formulated the great strategy of marching eastward and defeating the three Jin Dynasties to plan for the world. Powerful generals became the most needed talents of the state of Qin. King Zhao of Qin was an ambitious hegemon. After he ascended the throne, he continued to implement Shang Yang's reform policy, thoroughly carried out the military merit and nobility system, promoted talents of civilian origin, and Bai Qi appeared on the stage of Chinese history in line with the times.

In the 13th year of emperor Zhaowang of Qin Dynasty (294 BC), Bai Qi served as the commander of Zuo Shu and led the attack on the new town of South Korea (now the west of Yichuan County, Henan Province).

In the fourteenth year of emperor Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty (293 BC), the Allied forces of Han Dynasty and Wei Dynasty guarded the kuehan to prevent Qin from entering the East. Wei Ran, the Prime Minister of Qin, recommended Bai Qi as the main general and sent troops to attack Han and Wei. After taking office, Bai Qi adopted the tactics of avoiding reality and attacking falsehood, first weak and then strong. He surrounded the main forces of the Qin army to the rear of the Han Wei allied forces, repeatedly defeated the Allied forces and the left behind forces in the rear, gradually surrounded the main forces of the Han Wei allied forces in yique, finally defeated 240000 people of the Han Wei allied forces, captured general Gong Sunxi, and crossed the Yellow River to capture the land from the east of Anyi to Qianhe in South Korea. In this war, he became famous in the first World War and was promoted to the rank of national captain.

Wei Zhaoliang was promoted to Qin Dahan in the first 15 years, which laid the foundation for Qin Dahan.

In the 16th year of emperor Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty (291 BC), Bai Qi and Ke Qing simacuo jointly captured Yuancheng.

In the 21st year of emperor Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty (286 BC), Baiqi attacked the state of Zhao and captured guanglang city (now the west of Gaoping City, Shanxi Province).

Wu'an

After the war of Danyang and Lantian, the state of Chu declined. In the battle of yique, the Qin army won a great victory. The state of Qin intended to launch an offensive to the South and continue to weaken the state of Chu. King Zhaoxiang of Qin wrote a letter to King Qingxiang of Chu to lead the princes to "fight for the fate of one event" with Chu. King Qingxiang of Chu had to make peace with Qin and marry her. Later, in the 22nd and 23rd years of King Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty, King Qingxiang of Chu had a political alliance with King Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty, indicating that he was subordinate to Qin Dynasty.

In the 26th year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty (281 BC), a man who was good at shooting wild geese with a weak bow appeared in the state of Chu. When King Qingxiang of Chu heard about this, he was surprised and called to inquire. He encouraged the king of Chu with his glorious history and disgrace. King Qingxiang of Chu also wanted to take revenge on Qin, so he sent envoys to all the vassal states to carry out the joint expedition against Qin. After hearing this, the state of Qin decided to give Chu a greater blow.

In the 27th year of emperor Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty (280 BC), Bai Qi attacked Chu and the Chu army was defeated. He cut the land north of the Han River and Shangyong to make peace with Qin.

In the 28th year of emperor Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty (279 BC), the state of Qin attacked Chu again. Baiqi first captured five cities (now Xiangzhou) including Yan and Deng by the army of emperor Yongyong in the north of Han Dynasty. Then the army of Qin crossed the mountain area of the border between Qin and Chu, broke through the territory of Chu by three routes, and surrounded the capital of Chu, Yingdu (now northwest of Jiangling in Hubei Province).

In the 29th year of emperor Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty (278 BC), the army of Qin interposed behind the army of Chu, defeated the army of Chu, captured the capital of Chu, Ying (now hubeijiangling, now Nancheng), burned the tomb of the king of Chu, Yiling (now southwest of Yichang County, Hubei Province), and marched eastward to jingling. The army of Chu was defeated and retreated to Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province). King Qingxiang of Chu took Chen as the capital, still known as Ying. In the same year, Qin conquered Chu and Qianzhong counties.

When King Qingxiang of Chu moved his capital to Chen, he gathered the armed forces in the east of Chu and only got more than 100000 people. Although he took back the 15 cities along the river occupied by Qin to the west, he could not compete with Qin. After a series of attacks by the state of Qin, the state of Chu never recovered until it was finally destroyed by Qin.

In the state of Qin, Ying was taken as the South County, and Baiqi was granted the title of King Wu'an (he was able to raise soldiers and win the people's gathering, so he was named Wu'an). Baiqi was famous all over the world.

The dispute between the Communist Party of China and Shanghai

In the 34th year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty (273 BC), Bai Qi led the army to attack and rescue the Zhao and Wei allied forces in South Korea, smashed the Allied forces in Huayang (now Henan new Zhengbei), captured the three generals of South Korea, Zhao and Wei, beheaded 130000, and Wei general mangmao fled. He fought with Zhao general Jia Yan and drowned 20000 Zhao soldiers.

In the 43rd year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty (264 BC), Baiqi attacked Xingcheng of South Korea, captured five cities and beheaded 50000 people.

In the 44th year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty (263 BC), Baiqi attacked Nanyang Taihang Road of South Korea and cut off the Taihang Road of South Korea.

In the 45th year of emperor Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty (262 BC), Baiqi captured the yewang of South Korea (now Qinyang of Henan Province), and the road from Shangdang to the capital was cut off. Han Huanhui, the king of South Korea, ordered Feng Ting, the governor of Shangdang County, to give Shangdang county to the state of Qin in order to stop the army of Qin. Feng Ting, unwilling to surrender to the Qin Dynasty, deliberated with the people: "the road of Shangdang to the outside world has been cut off. We can no longer serve the Korean people. Qin soldiers are approaching, and South Korea can't help them. It's better to surrender Shangdang to Zhao. If Zhao accepts, Qin will attack Zhao angrily. Zhao must be close to South Korea. If Han and Zhao unite, they can resist Qin. " So they sent people to report to the state of Zhao. Zhao Xiaocheng, the king of Zhao state, and Zhao Bao, the king of Pingyang. Pingyangjun said: "it's better not to accept it. After accepting it, the harm will be greater than the benefit." He thought that Feng Ting did not hand over the Shangdang to the state of Qin because he wanted to blame the state of Zhao. He thought that it would bring more disasters than benefits.

King Zhao Xiaocheng summoned the plain King Zhao Sheng and Zhao Yu to discuss. They urged him to accept Fengting's Shangdang county. They said: "if we launch a million troops, we can't attack a city after years of attack. Now we can enjoy our success and get 17 cities. This is a big profit. We can't lose this opportunity. "

Zhao Xiaocheng also asked Pingyuan Jun, "if you accept Shangdang's land, the state of Qin will send Wu'an Jun to attack in vain. Who can resist?" Pingyuan replied, "it's hard for others to fight against Baiqi. He is brave and good at fighting and cherishes his soldiers. He is not as good as Bai Qi in the field, but he can be competent in guarding the city. "

Therefore, King Zhao Xiaocheng obeyed the stratagem of Zhao Sheng, the ruler of Pingyuan, and appointed Feng Ting as Hua Yang Jun. he sent Pingyuan Jun to Shangdang to take over the land. At the same time, he sent Lianpo and his troops to Changping (now the northwest of Gaoping City, Shanxi Province) to guard against the attack of Qin army.

Zhao's acceptance of Shangdang ignited the fuse for the Changping war between Qin and Zhao.

battle of Chang Ping

In the 47th year of emperor Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty (260 BC), the general of Qin State Wang Yi attacked Korea, captured Shangdang, and then attacked Zhao.

According to historical records, general Lian Po of Zhao state laid out three lines of defense in Changping: the first line is the kongcangling line, the second line is the Danhe line, and the third line is the Bailishi Great Wall. The three lines of defense are scattered and interconnected over tens of miles from east to west. The first encounter between Qin and Zhao took place in the valley to the west of the first line of defense. In the scuffle, the Qin army killed Zhao's vanguard, broke through kongcangling and captured guanglang City, an important front town of Zhao army.

After the collapse of kongcangling, the Zhao army seemed to have made efforts to strengthen the north and South wings to suppress the enemy in depth. The so-called "Zhao army built a wall to defend it", but failed, "Qin attacked it again Finally, the west wall of the North-South defense line of kongcangling fell completely.

The Qin army's offensive was extremely fierce, and the Zhao army's Lien Chan was disadvantageous and suffered great losses. Lianpo re analyzed the situation between the enemy and ourselves. After seeing that the terrain was not conducive to the Zhao army, and that the supply line of the Qin state was much longer than that of the Zhao army, and the logistics support was more difficult than that of the Zhao state, he was determined to give up the position on the West Bank of the Danhe River, which was not easy to defend. The whole army contracted to the second line of defense east of the Danhe River, built a barrier, and was determined to wait for work with ease, in order to frustrate the spirit of the Qin army and stick to change.

No matter how the Qin army attacked, it could not break through the Danhe defense line. The Qin and Zhao armies formed a confrontation. The war lasted for three years, and the Qin army was defeated.

The first stage of the battle of Changping was a war of attrition. "Warring States policy · Qi CE 2" contains: "Qin attacked Zhao Changping, Zhao had no food, please Su in Qi and Qi did not listen." Because of the strategic stalemate, Zhao could not continue to support. Zhao's grain output was only one third of that of Qin. After three years of war stalemate, the huge consumption of 200000 troops exposed the weakness of Zhao's economic strength, and it was more eager to end the war. In addition, Zhao she defeated the Qin army in the battle of Kaiyu, which made the state of Zhao feel lucky. If he concentrated his forces to fight to the death, maybe the state of Qin was not defeated, so he changed his strategy and replaced Lianpo with Zhao Kuo. As a matter of fact, Zhao Kuo, who is "talking on paper", only carried out the will of King Zhao. Changing generals is the active and helpless choice of King Zhao, and the embodiment of his idea of seeking a strategic decisive battle.

At the same time, King Zhaoxiang of Qin secretly sent Prince Bai Qi of Wu'an to lead the army in the front.

Faced with a reckless and arrogant opponent, Bai Qi decided to retreat to lure the enemy and divide the encirclement and annihilation. He ordered the forward forces to undertake the task of luring the enemy and attack the Zhao army

Chinese PinYin : Bai Qi