Su Xun

Su Xun

Su Xun (May 22, 1009 - May 21, 1066) was born in Meishan, Meizhou, Sichuan Province. The writers of the Northern Song Dynasty, together with their sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, are well-known in the world for their literature. They are called "three Su" in the world, and they are all listed as "eight great writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties".

Su Xun is good at prose, especially at political comment. He has a bright and vigorous style of writing. He has written 20 volumes of jiayouji and three volumes of Shifa, both of which are handed down to the world together with the biography of the history of Song Dynasty.

Life of the characters

Youth wandering

Su Xun was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan) in the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1009). When he was a teenager, Li Jianfu and his father did not go to many places like Du zhuangfu.

In 1016, Su Xun began to study. He learned to break sentences and write poems, but he gave up reading without learning.

In 1027, Su Xun married Cheng, the daughter of Cheng Wenying of Dali temple in Meishan. Cheng was 18 years old.

In the sixth year of Tiansheng (1028) of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Xun had not yet worked hard to study. He had been playing all day and did not know the sorrow of life and death. Mrs. Cheng grew up as a daughter but died under one year old.

In the seventh year of Tiansheng (1029) of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Xun still did not devote himself to study, and his father "did not ask.".

In 1030, Su Xun visited Chengdu and saw the portrait of Zhang Xianshi in Qingcheng Mountain on the ninth day of the double ninth. He put a jade ring on his body and put it back at home. Every day, he burned incense and prayed for a son. He was Jingxian, the eldest son born in winter.

Reading in anger

In the first year of Ming Dynasty (1032), Su Xun's mother Shi died and was buried in the ancestral Tomb of Su in andaoli, Xiuwen Township, Meishan County. Su Xun wrote in Ouyang neihan for the first time: "Xun didn't study when he was 25 years old. He learned to study when he was a scholar." It's too late. Besides, at the beginning, he didn't take his attitude seriously. By virtue of his intelligence, he didn't think that his peers were any better than himself. He thought that reading was not difficult. However, he failed in the first examination. This failure made him examine himself painfully and read hundreds of his old works carefully. He could not help sighing: "what I have learned today is not yet learned!" He angrily burned up these old manuscripts, determined to take out the Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Han Yu's articles and read them again from the beginning. He continued to study the book of songs, which was handed down to all schools of thought throughout the ages. He sat in his study every day, studying hard for six or seven years, and vowed not to write before he was mature. At this time, Su Xun was 27 years old. Therefore, Ouyang Xiu's epitaph, Zhang Fangping's epitaph, and historical biography all say, "when I was 27 years old, I began to study angrily."

Having children

In 1033, Su Xun was twenty-five years old and began to study. Cheng Fu has a second daughter.

In the second year of Jingyou (1035) of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Xun made great efforts to study and set up his ambition. Cheng Fu was born as a young girl and was called "Ba Niang" in ancient times because he ranked the eighth

In 1036, he continued to study hard at home. Cheng Fu's second son Su Shi. In his elder brother Dan's family, Su Huan, the elder brother of Zhong, was a scholar in Kaifeng. Cao Guan had two sons and two daughters.

In the fourth year of Jingyou (1037) of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Xun went to the ritual Department of the capital to get a Jinshi, but he was not accepted. The elder brother Dan died of illness at home.

In the fifth year of Jingyou (1038) of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Xun returned home and continued to study hard behind closed doors. The eldest son Jing died at the age of eight.

Broaden your knowledge

In the second year of Baoyuan (1039) of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Xun studied hard at home, studying the gains and losses of the ancient and modern governance. Cheng Fu's son is Su Zhe. This year, Su Xun went to Langzhou (now Langzhong County, Sichuan Province) to visit his elder brother, Su Huan, who was an official there. He was very moved to see that his elder brother had made good achievements in governing the local area. Soon after, he left Wuxia, Kuizhou, and went downstream to Jingzhou (now Xiangyang County, Hubei Province). He traveled all over the country, made knowledgeable teachers and friends, and increased his knowledge and life experience.

In the third year of Baoyuan (1040) of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Xun, after five or six years of hard study, became a scholar. His elder brother Su Huan was transferred from Kaifeng scholar Cao to Langzhou general judge.

Teaching children to read

In the second year of Qingli (1042), Su Xun studied at home, studied the gains and losses of ancient and modern governance, and taught Su Shi to read. It was in that year that Su Xun's second sister died of illness.

In 1043, Su Xun sent Su Shi to the primary school of tianqingguan Arctic academy, where he was taught by Taoist Zhang Yijian.

In 1045, Su Xun studied at home and taught Su Shi. That year, he left home to study, went from Meizhou to Jiazhou, visited Mount Emei, and then went down the river to Jingzhu from Wuxia of Kuizhou, ready to go to the capital. Mrs. Cheng teaches Su Shi and fan Pang at home.

From 1047 to 1055, Su Xun continued to study at home, studying the gains and losses of ancient and modern governance, and teaching Su Shi and Su Zhe. During that period, Su Xun's youngest daughter, Ba Niang, was abused at her uncle's (father-in-law's) home. Su Shi's cousin, Ba Niang's husband, helped her abuse and died of grief and indignation. Su Xun also traveled many times and made friends with Zhang Ping, an official in Chengdu. Zhang Ping once recommended Su Xun to Ouyang Xiu, but failed.

San Su's trip to Beijing

In the early years of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1056), Su Xun took his second son to Beijing for an examination and met with Ou Yangxiu, the academician of the Imperial Academy. Ouyang Xiu appreciated his articles such as Heng Lun, Quan Shu and Ji CE, and thought that they were comparable to Liu Xiang and Jia Yi, so he recommended Su Xun to the imperial court. Su Xun's literary name flourished because of the contention among the officials and scholars. During his stay in Beijing, he met Chan Master baocong. "Yu was in Beijing, and baocong, a Pengzhou monk, came to seek knowledge. Yu worked very hard. When he arrived in Shu, he heard that he had come back from the capital. His clothes, vegetables and food were regarded as his first disciples, and he lived in Yuanjue yuan Dazhi."

In the second year of Jiayou (1057) of the Northern Song Dynasty, the second son took the exam together and made a sensation in the capital.

In the third year of Jiayou (1058), song Renzong called Su Xun to take an exam in Sheren hospital. Su Xun refused to go to the imperial edict because he was ill.

In the fourth year of Jiayou (1059) of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Xun led his family down the Minjiang River by boat, left the Three Gorges in the East, and went to Beijing by water. He visited the Xiandu temple in Fengdu. It is said that this is the place where Yin Changsheng was promoted to an immortal. He wrote a poem titled Xiandu temple to commemorate this immortal.

In 1060, Su Xun was recommended by Han Qi and appointed as the Secretary of the province. Later, he was the chief clerk of Wen'an County in Bazhou. Later, together with Yao Bi, the magistrate of Xiangcheng County in Chenzhou (today's Henan Province), he compiled the book of rites, Taichang Yingge Li.

In the sixth year of Jiayou (1061) of the Northern Song Dynasty, in July, Su Xun was appointed as the Secretary of the provincial school. He was the chief bookkeeper of Wen'an County in Bazhou. He ordered Su Xun to go to the Li Yuan and Yao Bitong, the magistrate of Xiangcheng County in Chenzhou. Because of the change of Li Shu, Su Huan, the elder brother of Yue Zhong, went out of Zhilian water army and did not go to Lizhou road prison. In August, Su Shi and Su Zhe took part in the system examination and palace examination. In September, Su Shi was appointed Dali judge, and Su Zhe was appointed secretary of the provincial school Shulang. In November, Su Shi left his father for Fengxiang.

In the third year of Zhiping (1066) of the Northern Song Dynasty, Taichang yinggeli was compiled in March. Su Xun's Yi Zhuan was seriously ill before it was finished. He ordered his son Su Shi to finish his Yi Zhuan. He died in Beijing on April 25 at the age of 58. In June, an official ship carrying Xun was escorted out of the capital city by Su Zhe, Su Shi's wife, Wang Fu's coffin, from Bian to Huaihe River and up to Jiangling. In December, it entered the gorge and extended the waterway. In April of the second year, it returned home. In October, the second son was buried with his father and his mother.

Main achievements

Prose

Su Xun's prose argument is bright, the argument is powerful, the language is sharp, vertical and horizontal wanton, has the eloquent persuasion. Ouyang Xiu praised him for his "broad and grand debate" and "moving up and down, rushing in and out, must be built in the depth and then stop" (epitaph of Sujun in Wenan County, Bazhou); Zeng Gong also commented on his article "pointing out things and analyzing reason, using metaphor", "trouble can not be disordered, Wanneng can not flow" (Su Mingyun's lament), which are quite pertinent. The artistic style is mainly magnificent and varied. Some of the articles are good at twists and turns. In Shangtian Shumi Shu, Su Xun also commented on his articles as "the poet's excellence and softness, the poet's purity and profundity, Meng and Han's warmth and uprightness, Qian and Gu's strength, and sun and Wu's simplicity". The language of his articles is simple and simple, concise and meaningful; but sometimes he can lay out the parallelism, especially good at making vivid metaphors. For example, in "Zhong Xiong Zi Wen Fu Shuo", he uses Feng Shui to describe a natural description.

The most prominent feature of Su Xun's prose is that his language is sharp, his words must be right in time, and he mercilessly exposes and castigates the dark society of the Northern Song Dynasty. But at the same time, in the process of analyzing the seriousness of the problem, Su Xun skillfully turns the style of writing, weakens the style of writing, changes the rhythm of the article, and eases the tone of the article, so that people can accept his sharp and euphemistic style, which is mostly reflected in criticizing the current situation In this chapter.

Most of Su Xun's essays are argumentative essays. According to Wang shuizhao's "new selection and new annotation of eight books of Tang and Song Dynasties", the proportion of Su Xun's argumentative essays and essays is six to one, while the number of words is ten to one. The former has about 70000 words, while the latter has only 7000 words. The argumentative writing must explain the truth thoroughly, so that there is no room for refutation. In order to meet this requirement, Su Xun openly admitted his love for the strategists in the Warring States period. He said, "I take their skills, but not their hearts." that is to say, he learned from the eloquence of the strategists and did not learn from them. Political strategists are often good at using antithesis, parallelism and other extravagant techniques to make the article majestic, full of emotion, cutting edge, invincible, giving people a strong, strong feeling, highly inspiring. This feature is mainly reflected in the general discussion

Chinese PinYin : Su Xun