Chen Shouqi

Chen Shouqi

Chen Shouqi (1771-1834) was a Confucianist in Qing Dynasty. They were named Gongfu, Jiexiang and Weiren. They were named Zuohai and Meixiu. They were named yinpingshan people in the late Qing Dynasty. They were from Houguan (now Fuzhou) of Fujian Province. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he became a Jinshi. In the fourteenth year, he became an examiners. After his parents died, he did not become an official.

Life of the characters

Chen Shouqi was born in the 36th year of Qianlong reign of Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty (1771) and died in the 14th year of Daoguang reign of Emperor Xuanzong (1834), aged 64. He lives in Huangxiang, adjacent to Liang Zhangju. Chen family has been farming for generations. Since his grandfather, Chen Qilong, he abandoned farming to study. His father, Chen Heshu, was a Gongsheng at the age of 20. He taught Confucian classics as an apprentice. Shouqi was 5 years old and became a monk. "He didn't drink, he didn't play chess, he didn't take a seat in Chupu, but he couldn't let go of it.". At the age of 6, he graduated from famous teacher Zhou Liyan and was a student member of Buxian county at the age of 15. Meng treated it as a scholar, and predicted: "ten years later, there will be Confucianists in Fujian, Chen Sheng is also." Eighteen years, on the Fu kang'an hundred rhymed poems and preface, Shen Bo jueli, known as a talent. In 1789, he won the mid-term examination; in 1799, he went to Beijing to take the Jinshi examination. At first, the examination paper was suppressed by the examiners. Fortunately, Ruan Yuan, the teacher, strongly recommended it to Zhu Yu, the chief examinee, before he was accepted. After entering the Imperial Academy, he selected the scholars from the Imperial Academy and taught them to edit. When he was in Beijing, he was as famous as Zhang Huiyan of Wujin and Wang Yinzhi of Gaoyou for his study of Confucian classics. Soon after, he went back to Fujian Province on leave and passed through Hangzhou. His teacher Ruan Yuan was the governor of Zhejiang Province. He taught in Hangzhou Fuwen academy and taught in Gujing jingshe. Ruan Yuan organized people to compile the ancient meaning of Qun Jing, which is tens of thousands of volumes of Jing Ying. Shou Qi was invited to draw up all the examples. Shou Qi also wrote his own book "Five Classics with different meanings", which became a famous work of Confucian classics at that time. Jiaqing eight years (1803), also Beijing leave, the next year, as the Deputy examiner of Guangdong Provincial examination. in 1807, he was the Deputy examiner of Henan provincial examination. He read all the papers in the second and third sessions. in 1809, he was appointed as the examiner of the imperial examination, the first class of the imperial censor in Beijing. In 1810, when his father died of illness, Chen Shouqi rushed home overnight to support his mother and decided not to become an official. He was only 40 years old. In 1812, Zhang Shicheng, the governor of Fujian Province, entered the imperial court. The emperor ordered him to take the imperial epic back to scholars for compilation. Zhang Shicheng asked Chen Shouqi to preside over it, and Chen Shouqi finished it as scheduled. In the compilation, he had some original ideas. After the end of his filial piety, Chen Shouqi went to Quanzhou to lecture in Qingyuan Academy. After 10 years, he taught all students in Confucian classics. At that time, Qingyuan Academy was often used as a hostel for transit officials, which affected their studies. Chen Shouqi sent a letter to the governor and asked for a ban. He also asked all the provincial governments, prefectures and counties not to use academies to entertain past officials. In the second year of Daoguang (1822), Chen Shouqi's mother, Ding mu, returned home and was fully satisfied. He taught Fuzhou Aofeng Academy for 10 years. Here, Chen Shouqi first focuses on students' conduct, and then on the text. In addition, he made rules and regulations, cleaned up the curriculum, strictly carried out the traditional Confucian education, and wrote three essays on righteousness and profit, on knowing shame, and on the imperial examination. In the past 10 years, many talents have been cultivated, among which the famous ones are Poet Zhang Jiliang, historian Wang jienan and Neo Confucianism Liang Wen. Chen Shouqi was also concerned about the construction and cultural undertakings of his hometown, such as helping the poor in Fuzhou, building East Lake, West Lake and mulanpi in Putian, all of which were presided over or assisted by Chen Shouqi. It has been a hundred years since Fuzhou Gongyuan was built. Chen Shouqi suggested that sun erzhun, governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, and Han Kejun, governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, raise money to build it, add houses and heighten walls. It took only six months to complete. Chen Shouqi enthusiastically publicized the sages and good officials of the province. In the fourth year of Daoguang (1824), Chen Shouqi, together with the gentry, petitioned Huang Daozhou, the governor and general, to worship Confucius Temple and published 66 volumes of Huang zhongduanji. In the late years of Jiaqing (1796-1820), Li Gengyun, the Governor General of Fujian Province, lived in a clean and upright position. He was framed and persecuted because he was dissatisfied with the bureaucratic style of governor Wang Zhiyi and Governor Wang Shaolan, and then hanged himself. Chen Shouqi was deeply aggrieved and mobilized student Lin Tianguang to file a lawsuit with the imperial envoy, which vindicated Li Gengyun's unjust case and dismissed Wang Zhiyi and Wang Shaolan. Chen Shouqi was concerned about the compilation of local records. Since the continuation of Fujian general records was completed in 1768, it has been more than 60 years since it was compiled. There are many local documents lost, and there are some mistakes in Kangxi records and Qianlong Zhengxu records. Mr. Chen suggested that the cost of renovating the new residence should be paid by the local authorities. The administration accepted his proposal and invited Mr. Chen Shouqi to act as editor in chief. In the ninth year of Daoguang (1829), the Tongzhi Museum opened. Chen Shouqi founded Yili for Tongzhi, and wrote two biographies of situation, mountains and rivers, scholars and Wenyuan. During the three years of compiling the new chronicle, Chen Shouqi became more and more seriously ill and still revised the manuscript. In 1834, when Fujian Tongzhi was about to be finished, Chen Shouqi had exhausted his efforts and died in Huangxiang, Fuzhou on February 20, that year. You have a son, Chen qiaozong.

List of works

Since Li Guangdi and Guan Xianyao in the early Qing Dynasty, Fujian's Confucian classics mostly advocated Neo Confucianism in the song and Ming Dynasties and talked about the nature of mind. Chen Shouqi first studied from Meng Chaoran and was greatly influenced by the Confucianists of Song Dynasty. Later, he learned from Ruan Yuan and contacted with master Pu Xue such as Qian Daxin and Duan Yucai, so he specialized in the study of Confucian classics in Han Dynasty and replaced it with the interpretation of Confucian classics in Han Dynasty. He was proficient in modern prose, but he was able to understand the meaning, reason and things, and became a famous scholar of Confucian classics in the Qing Dynasty. The main classics works include: three volumes of the five classics with different meanings, three volumes of Shangshu Da Zhuan ding ben, four volumes of Zuohai Jing Bian, three volumes of Hongfan Wu Xing Zhuan Ji Ben, one volume of Ouyang Xia Hou Jing Shuo Kao, three volumes of Lu Qi Han Shi Shuo Kao, four volumes of Li Ji Zheng Du Kao and two volumes of Shuowen Jing Gu. Chen Shouqi's original manuscript of Daoguang's Fujian general annals consists of 400 volumes, among which geography evolution annals, Jinshi annals, Fangyan annals, liezhuan and situation annals and mountains and rivers annals written by Chen Shouqi are all excellent works. After the death of Chen Shouqi, the manuscript was delayed to Tongzhi period (1862-1874) due to disputes, and the number of volumes decreased. However, there are still many places beyond the previous records, which are highly recommended by later generations. Chen shouqineng's works include 10 volumes of Zuohai anthology, 6 volumes of Zuohai anthology, and 2 volumes of biographies of scholars in Dongyue literary garden.

Library house

Jiaqing four years (1799) Jinshi, granted editing, full Wenyuan court school. In the 14th year of Jiaqing (1809), Ding you returned home, so he didn't come back. His family was very cold, and soon his parents ordered him to return to the capital. He served as examiners of Guangdong and Henan provincial examinations. Later Ruan Yuan hired him to teach in Gujing jingshe, and later he taught in Quanzhou Qingyuan academy and Aofeng academy to study Neo Confucianism in song and Ming Dynasties. He is good at collecting lost ancient books and likes to collect them. He has collected 80000 volumes of books. The library is named "suichulou" and "xiaolanghuanguan". It's strictly kept and can't be borrowed by outsiders. He once compiled a bibliography of xiaolanghuanguan, which is no longer handed down. There are some printing plates in the side room, such as Zuo Huan Shi Wen Ji, Jing Jie, Bo Shan Zhi and so on. It has been said that those who offer unpublished ancient books should be given double prizes. Therefore, his collection of rare books is more than those of the central Fujian book collectors. There are more than 10 kinds of works, such as "Five Classics with different meanings", "Jin Wen Shang Shu Jing Shuo Kao", "Qi Lu Han San Jia Shi Yi Shuo Kao", "Zuo Hai Pian Ti Wen", "Dongyue scholars Wenyuan Hou Zhuan", "Dong Guan Cun manuscript", "Zuo Hai Shi Wen Ji", "Sui Chu Lou Za Lu".

Records in the draft of Qing History

Chen Shouqi, whose name is Gongfu, was born in Min county. Little Nengwen. In the 18th year, in Pingping, Taiwan, Fu kang'an's hundred rhymed poems were written in parallel, which were profound and beautiful, and passed down for a time. In the fourth year of Jiaqing period, he became a Jinshi, selected a rare scholar in the Imperial Academy, and distributed the library to teach the editor. He is filial in nature, can't bear to be an official, has no food in his family, and is ordered by his father to enter the capital. Nine years, he served as deputy examiner of Guangdong Provincial examination. Twelve years, he served as deputy examiners of Henan provincial examination. In the fourteenth year of the Qing Dynasty, he was appointed imperial censor. Shouqi was not allowed to meet and support his two parents, so he was often unhappy. When I heard of my father's death, I mourned and rushed back. Take away, beg to foster mother, mother died, final funeral. In his fifty-three years, he was recommended to the imperial court, but he could not get out. Shouqi will try out Zhu Yu and Ruan Yuanmen, who are dedicated to the study of Confucianism in Han Dynasty. He also meets Qian Daxin, Duan Yucai, Wang Niansun and Cheng Yaotian, so his study is very profound. The interpretation of the classics leads to the great justice of the Han Dynasty, and there is always a compromise between the two. In the Han Dynasty, the master of Confucian classics Mo Xianyu Fusheng, Mo Bei Yu Xu and Zheng. Shou Qi expounded his posthumous letters, wrote three volumes of Shangshu Da Zhuan Jian, one volume of preface, one volume of dingcuo, and attached five elements annals of Han Dynasty, with three volumes of Liu's five elements Zhuan Lun quoted from his book. The preface says: "Fu Sheng's" Da Zhuan "is written with great meaning. Because the scripture belongs to Yu, its diction is elegant and profound. Recently, the 70 students in" Da and Xiao Dai Ji "said it, which is beyond the ability of Han Confucianism. Kangcheng, a Confucian School of all ages, annotated Dazhuan alone. His interpretation of Sanli was quoted every time. It's not Hong Zhibo's old news that he annotated the five events of Guwen Shangshu, Hongfan, kanggao, Menghou, the year of King Wen's cutting down Chongqi and Banqi, the year of Duke Zhou's conquering Yin and Jianyan, and the year of Xianzheng's ruling Dazhuan? In addition, Fu Fu Sheng's learning is especially good at Li, which includes the system of hunting, pilgrimage, suburban corpse, welcoming the sun, temple sacrifice, family Yan, menshu, school, pension, selective shooting, Gongshi, Kaoji, Jiaosui, caidi, fangtang and Lushu. The empress's wife enters the Royal family, and the prince asks the princes about the law, the unity of three principles, the color of five clothes, the element of seven beginnings, and the joy of eight uncles 》What is unexpected is unknown to all the scholars. Today, the book is free and free, and it is especially valuable. Zhu Zi of Song Dynasty and Huang of mianzhai compiled the general explanation of Yili Jing Zhuan, and collected Dazhuan in detail, which is beneficial to the study of Li. The biography of the five elements, from the beginning of Xia hou to Liu's father and son, is good at promoting the blessing of heaven and man

Chinese PinYin : Chen Shou Qi