Wei Zhongxian

Wei Zhongxian

Wei Zhongxian (1568 - December 11, 1627), whose name is Wanwu, was born in Suning, northern Zhili (now Suning County, Cangzhou, Hebei Province). He was a eunuch in the late Ming Dynasty. He changed his name to Li Jinzhong after he left the palace. Wang, a talented man, took the post of eunuch BingBi and changed his name to Wei Zhongxian. During the reign of emperor Xizong of Ming Dynasty, he was appointed as the eunuch of Si Li Bing Bi. He was very popular and was known as "nine thousand nine hundred years old". He ruled out dissidents and ruled over the state affairs, so that people "only knew that there were loyal people, but not the emperor".

After Zhu Youjian succeeded to the throne, he cracked down on Wei Zhongxian's ten crimes of castration, ordered him to be arrested and punished, hanged himself, and other parties were eliminated.

Life of the characters

Self castration into the palace

Wei Zhongxian's family was poor when he was young. He lived in the streets and could not read. But he knew how to shoot arrows and ride horses. He liked gambling and was infatuated with wine and sex. Wei Zhongxian often gambled with a group of evil teenagers. Once, when he lost a lot of gambling, he felt very distressed. He changed his name to Li Jinzhong. Because he knew the eunuch well, it was rumored that he still had a testicle. Later, he changed his surname to Wei Zhongxian.

Wei Zhongxian was elected to the Palace during the Wanli period and was subordinate to the eunuch sun Xian. He entered the jiaziku by fawning on him. He also asked to be a meal for Wang Cairen, the mother of the emperor's eldest grandson, and flattered the Wei Dynasty. Wei Dynasty praised Wei Zhongxian to Wang an many times, and Wang an treated him well.

The eldest grandson's lactating mother was Hakka, who always served the Wei Dynasty in private. This is the so-called relationship with food. After Wei Zhongxian entered the palace, Hakka got in touch with him again. Hakka therefore gave a cold reception to Wei Dynasty and loved Wei Zhongxian. They formed a deep relationship.

be successful in one 's official career

In the 48th year of Wanli and the first year of Taichang (1620 A.D.), Zhu Yijun, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, and Zhu Changluo, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, died one after another in a month. Zhu ascended the throne from the school to serve as emperor Xizong. The next year, he changed to Tianqi. Wei Zhongxian and the Hakka family were favored by Xizong. Within a month, they were granted the title of the wife of Fengsheng, her son Hou Guoxing, her younger brother Ke Guangxian and Wei Zhao, Wei Zhongxian's elder brother, as Qianhu of the royal guards. Wei Zhongxian was soon promoted from Xi salary department to Li supervisor, BingBi eunuch and Tidu Baohe Sandian. Wei Zhongxian was illiterate, and could not enter the Department of rites as a rule, but because of the Hakka family, he was able to make an exception.

In the first year of Tianqi (1621), Zhu Youxiao issued an imperial edict to give the Hakka Family incense field and Wei Zhongxian credit for managing the emperor's mausoleum. As soon as the censor Wang Xin advises, Zhu Youxiao does not listen. When Zhu Youxiao got married, the Royal censor Bi zuozhou and Liu Lan asked him to send the Hakka out of the palace, and the bachelor Liu yihuojing said the same. Zhu Youxue was reluctant to part with her, saying: "the queen is young and needs to be nursed by the old woman. We will talk about it after the emperor's great burial." Wei Zhongxian monopolized the Hakka Family and expelled the Wei Dynasty. He hated that Wang An was in charge of the right way, plotted to kill him, and expelled all the eunuchs in his name.

The Hakkas are vicious. Wei Zhongxian didn't know about books, but he had a good memory. He was suspicious, cruel and insidious. He was good at flattery. The emperor trusted them very much. They used Wang tiqian and Li Yongzhen, Shi Yuanya, Tu Wenfu as their wings, and the people in the palace did not dare to disobey them. Later, the Hakkas came out of the palace, but soon they were called in again.

The censor Zhou Zongjian, the Minister Chen BangZhan, the censor Ma Mingqi and Hou Zhen were reprimanded. In the event, Ni Sihui, Zhu Qinxiang and Wang Xinyi spoke to Zhu Youxiao again and were all demoted to other places. They haven't pointed to Wei Zhongxian yet. Wei Zhongxian then advised Zhu Youxue to choose the eunuch to make firearms and practice in the palace. He secretly collaborated with Shen Zhen, a bachelor, for help. Every day, he led Zhu Youxiao to indulge in advocating excellent singing and hunting. Liu Zongzhou, the head of the Ministry of punishment, first impeached him. Zhu Youxiao was furious, and ye Xianggao, the Bachelor of Lai University, rescued him.

Be expert in Court Affairs

At the beginning, Zhu Yijun, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, had been in power for a long time. He was tired of political affairs and didn't comment on his composition. The court officials gradually set up the door, they took the extreme and surprising remarks as the fashion, and denounced the imperial ban by virtue of the national dispute. Zaifu minister was impeached and attacked by Yanguan, so he was often forced to retire. Gu Xiancheng, an official of the Ministry of official, gave lectures in Donglin Academy. The name of "Donglin" began from then on. Later, the three cases of "Li strike", "Hong Wan" and "Yi Gong" took place, and the whole court seemed to be fighting a lawsuit. Those who opposed the Donglin Party were regarded as evil parties.

In the early years of the apocalypse, almost all the ministers were dismissed and dismissed, and people of insight were worried that they would go too far and there would be chaos. After the formation of Wei Zhongxian's power, his followers really planned to rely on him to exclude the Donglin Party. Xu Dahua, Huo Weihua and Sun Jie first attached themselves to Wei Zhongxian. Liu yihuojing and Zhou Jiamo were impeached and left by Sun Jie. But at that time, ye Xianggao and Han Huoguang were assisting politics. Zou yuanbiao, Zhao Nanxing, Wang Ji, Gao Panlong and other officials were in high positions. Zuo Guangdou, Wei Dazhong, Huang zunsu and others were talking. They all tried their best to preside over the Qing Dynasty, but Wei Zhongxian failed.

In the second year of Tianqi (1622), Zhu Youxiao commented on Xiuqing mausoleum Gong, and granted Wei Zhongxian's nephew the command of royal guards. He commented on Shen Dan's communication with Wei Zhongxian and the Hakka family. As a result, they were all demoted. It happened that there was hail in early summer. Zhou Zongjian said that the hail was out of season because of Wei Zhongxian's slander and evil. Xiuzhuan Zhenmeng and Taipusi Shaoqing Manchu also said so one after another, and they were all dismissed.

In the spring of 1623, Wei Zhongxian introduced Wei Guangwei as a bachelor. Guo Gong, the imperial censor, criticized Zhou Zongjian, Liu yihuojing, Zou yuanbiao, Yang Lian and Zhou Chaorui for recommending Xiong Tingbi, saying that they had wronged the country by protecting the traitors. Zhou Zongjian refuted that Guo Gong was ordered by Wei Zhongxian, and the censor Fang Daren also helped him attack Guo Gong and Wei Zhongxian, but they did not win. In the autumn of this year, Zhu Youxiao ordered Wei Zhongxian and Hou Guoxing, the son of the Hakka family, to be hereditary. Dong Hanru, the Minister of the Ministry of war, Cheng Zhuo and Wang Silun, the censor of the Ministry of war, admonished one after another, but Zhu Youxiao did not.

Wei Zhongxian was even more unscrupulous. He increased the number of internal troops to 10000. He wore armor inside and was forbidden to enter and leave the palace. He passed an imperial edict to kill Zhao, Zhu Changluo's chosen servant. Yu's concubine Zhang is pregnant, and the Hakka plot to kill her. He also removed the title of imperial concubine Li. The queen Zhang got pregnant, and she was aborted by Hakka. As a result, Zhu Youxiao lacked children. Other victims included Feng Guiren and other imperial concubines, as well as eunuchs Wang Guochen, Liu kejing and Ma Jian. It's a secret of Forbidden Palace. I can't understand it in detail. In the winter of this year, Wei Zhongxian also led the East Hall affairs.

Donglin Party Struggle

In the fourth year of Tianqi (1624), Fu mukui and Fu Yingxing, Wei Zhongxian's nephew, were brothers. He wrote a false accusation against Wang Wenyan, Zuo Guangdou and Wei Dazhong. Wang Wenyan was thrown into zhenfusi prison and will be charged with the crime. Liu Qiao, who is in charge of Zhenfu department, accepted Ye Xianggao's instruction and did not convict Wang Wenyan. In a rage, Wei Zhongxian dismissed Liu Qiao and replaced him with private Xu Xianchun. At this time, Li Yingsheng, the censor, admonished Huo shoudian for Wei Zhongxian's begging for a plaque in the ancestral hall. Liu tingzuo, the censor, admonished Shen Weibing for setting shackles for Wei Zhongxian's excessive use of Yinfeng, and Wei Zhongxian reprimanded him for passing on an imperial edict. So Yang Lian, the Deputy imperial censor, was very angry and impeached Wei Zhongxian for his 24 crimes.

After the memorial was submitted, Wei Zhongxian was afraid and asked Han Huoguang for mediation. Han Huoguang doesn't agree, so he runs to Zhu Youxiao to cry and quit his job in the East chamber. And Hakka explained to him from the side, Wang tiqian and others also protected him. Zhu Youxiao doesn't know the truth, so he comforts him with warm words. On the next day, he calls back Yang Lian's Memorial and reproaches him with pain. After Yang Lian was reprimanded, Wei Dazhong, Chen Liangxun, Xu Yuqing, Zhu Guobi, Minister of Funing, Chen Daoheng, Minister of Nanjing Military Ministry, and Yue Yuansheng, his servant, all played Wei Zhongxian's illegal deeds. Ye Xianggao and Weng Zhengchun, the Minister of rites, asked Wei Zhongxian to be sent back to his private house to appease the public. Zhu Youxiao is not allowed.

At that time, Wei Zhongxian was very angry and wanted to kill all the dissidents. Gu Bingqian secretly wrote down the people Wei Zhongxian hated and gave them to him to denounce one by one. Wang tingqianting proposed to use his staff to threaten him. Soon, the Ministry of work doctor Wan Huojing wrote a letter accusing Wei Zhongxian, and was immediately killed. Wei Zhongxian insulted Ye Xianggao by taking advantage of Lin Ruzhu, the censor. Ye Xianggao resigned because of this, and Lin Ruzhu was also beaten by the staff. The court officials were very scared.

At that time, Zhao Nanxing, the Minister of the Ministry of officials, Gao Panlong, the censor of zuodu, Chen Yuting, the Minister of the Ministry of officials, and dozens of people around Yang Lian, Zuo Guangdou and Wei Dazhong were dismissed. Later, he expelled Han Huoguang and Li Banghua. It is like shaking the leaves of a dead tree when a righteous man leaves the court. Wei Zhongxian then falsely passed the imperial edict and used the old rule to transfer to the official. In the restoration of Huo Weihua and Guo Xingzhi, Xu Jinglian, Jia Jichun and Yang Weiyuan served as imperial censors, while Xu Zhaokui, Wang Shaohui, Qiao Yingjia, Xu Shaoji, Ruan Dacheng, Chen Eryi, Zhang Yangsu, Li Yingjian, Li Song and Yang Chunmao served as his minions.

Before long, Cui Chengxiu, who was to be garrisoned, was appointed as the censor. Cui Chengxiu made up tianjianlu and tongtongtonglu, and Wang Shaohui also made up Dianjianglu, with Zou yuanbiao, Gu Xiancheng, ye Xianggao and Liu yihuojing as the leaders. He also recruited all the people who were not attached to Wei Zhongxian, and referred them to Donglin Party members and dedicated them to Wei Zhongxian. Wei Zhongxian was very happy, so these villains even flattered Wei Zhongxian and attacked him Lin Dang.

At the beginning, Wei Zhongxian did not participate in the three cases of court officials' dispute and the two-year case of Jing Cha and Xiong Tingbi in the years of 1911 and kuihai. His followers wanted to exclude those upright people by virtue of Wei Zhongxian's power, so they attached themselves to Wei Zhongxian one after another, claiming to be their adopted son, and said, "the Donglin Party will harm you." therefore

Chinese PinYin : Wei Zhong Xian