noted scholar-official and bibliophile

noted scholar-official and bibliophile

Fu Zengxiang (1872-1949), with the name of Runyuan and the name of Uncle yuan, is a famous book collector in modern China. He is the owner of bieshu Shuangjian building, the resident of Tibetan garden, the old man of Tibetan garden, the old man of Qingquan yisou, and the owner of Changchun room. Jiang'an County, Sichuan Province.

Guangxu 24 years (1898) Jinshi, selected into the Imperial Academy for the Shu Ji Shi.

From December 1917 to the May 4th movement, he served as the Minister of education in the cabinet.

In his life, Fu collected 150 kinds of song and Jin engravings, with more than 4600 volumes; dozens of Yuan engravings, with more than 3700 volumes; and more fine engravings, transcripts, and proofs in Ming and Qing Dynasties, with a total of more than 200000 volumes. He is another great master after Lu Xinyuan's song Lou, Ding Bing's 8000 volumes Lou, Yang's Haiyuan Pavilion, and Qu's Tieqin and Tongjian Lou since the late Qing Dynasty.

Fu Zengxiang can be called the patriarch of a generation in terms of book collection, book collation, bibliography and edition.

Resume

Fu Zengxiang (1872-1949) was born in Jiang'an, Yibin, Sichuan Province.

Gongshu is good at writing, appreciating and collecting. He is famous for his large collection of books. He has successively served as the director of academic administration and education in Guizhou, and the director of the library of the Palace Museum.

His works include a glimpse of the Tibetan garden, a separate record of the journey to the east of the Tibetan garden, and a miscellaneous chant of shuangjianlou. Guangxu 24 years (1898) Wuxu Jinshi, Imperial Academy Shuji Shi. He joined Yuan Shikai's shogunate in 1902.

After the revolution of 1911, he was appointed by Yuan Shikai to participate in Tang Shaoyi's delegation. In 1914, he served as a member of the constitutional assembly of Yuan Shikai's Royal Institution. After 1915, he was appointed as the Suzheng office.

In December 1917, he served as the director general of education in the Beiyang government for a year and a half. President Yi, Prime Minister Yi, and Fu Zengxiang's director general of education remained in prison.

In 1919, during the May 4th movement, the Beiyang government wanted to investigate Cai Yuanpei, the president of Peking University, for instigating and shielding students and forcing CAI to leave. Fu Zengxiang strongly resisted and had to resign as director general of education.

Later, he served as the librarian of the Palace Museum, enjoying the research of book collection, and began to search Chinese ancient books on a large scale, devoted to the study of edition bibliography.

In the late 1920s, he went to Japan to collect the lost ancient Chinese books.

He collected more than 200000 copies in his life. Most of them were published in song, yuan and Ming Dynasty. At that time, Fu's collection was famous at home and abroad. There were more than 150 kinds of rare books published in song and Jin Dynasties alone. Later, the bibliography of rare books of Beijing Library recorded more than 280 kinds of rare books collected by Fu, which was the top of personal collection in the same period and a famous book collector in China.

After the Lugouqiao Incident in 1937, Fu Zengxiang stayed in Beijing to collect and arrange ancient books.

In 1938, he participated in the East Asian cultural agreement controlled by Japanese, and successively served as vice president and president. This is criticized by later generations.

He has a Southern Song edition of Zizhi Tongjian and a yuan edition of Zizhi Tongjian phonetic notes, which are not signed by the "master of Shuangjian building"; and because he has built a "collection garden" as a library in the West four stone old lady Hutong of Beijing, he is called "old man of collection Garden".

On the eve of the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949, Zhou Enlai made a special visit to Chen Yi with his own letter. Before Chen Yi arrived, Fu Zengxiang had regretted his long death.

Placard

When we refer to Mr. Fu Zengxiang, we must refer to "Ping Fu tie".

brief introduction

Ping Fu tie is a letter written by Lu Ji (261-303), a famous writer in the Western Jin Dynasty. It is the earliest authentic calligraphy in China. In the first line of this letter, there is the word "Ping Fu", so it is called "Ping Fu tie". At that time, pingfuti was collected by Prince Gong's residence. In 1937, Mr. Pu Xinyu lost his mother and wanted to sell the "Ping Fu tie" to handle the funeral.

history

During this period, some old people of Qing Dynasty, such as a Lian, Meng Xigui, Zhu Pengshou, and Liu Chunlin, the last champion, wrote to Mr. Pu Xinyu to express their regret for the change of hand of Pingfu tie, for fear of losing overseas like zhaoyebaitu, which was sold by Prince Gong's house. At this time, Zhang Boju wrote a letter to Mr. Pu Xinyu, to the effect that, now in the Republic of China, whether the funeral can be thrifty, and whether the "Ping Fu tie" can be temporarily held in the salt bank. And asked Mr. Fu Zengxiang to pay tribute to Mr. Pu Xinshe. This post is handed down from the ancestors. It's better to stay in our family.

Mr. Fu Zengxiang told us that Zhang congbi (Zhang Boju's name is congbi) was afraid that this post would be lost overseas, and he had intended to buy it for a long time. Moreover, he once wrote to song Zheyuan about the night photo white picture, asking for its protection. Although Zhang's wealth is not as good as before, it can be inferred that he will not do anything beyond his duty. In addition, the elder brother of Xin she (Mr. Fu Zengxiang and Zai yingbaile have friends, so Mr. Pu Xinshe is called the elder brother). He always feels sorry for the incident of "zhaoyebaitu". He once said that the light of our country has gone, and this post should be collected by Zhang congbi. And rejected the high price of the painting business. Mr. Fu Zengxiang also said to you that this post has changed hands. The price of RMB 40000 has been agreed. Please don't be too sad about it. This matter was mediated by Mr. Fu Zengxiang, and finally the Pingfu tie changed hands with Zhang Boju.

Calligraphy

characteristic

Fu Zengxiang's calligraphy is mainly regular script and running script. Regular script is compatible with Europe and Liu. In his later years, there were some Wei steles with elegant handwriting. The running script is based on the two kings and integrates the style of Tang stele. It adds heroism to Junxiu and shows the skill of regular script at the turning point. In particular, the postscript written by Mr. Wang at the back of the book is neat, fluent and lively, which is a model of literati characters.

evaluate

Commenting on Fu Zengxiang, Lun Ming said: "Mr. Fu Yuanshu of Jiang'an, who was Zengxiang, tasted song Yuantong Jian2, because he wrote shuangjianlou. In recent years, he visited Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the south, Japan in the East, and public and private libraries at home and abroad. Those who speak at home and abroad do not regard Mr. Wang as their master. " Fu Zengxiang is one of the most famous book collectors in modern times. He can be regarded as a great master in book collection, collation, bibliography and edition.

Collect ancient books

library

Fu Zengxiang's large-scale collection of ancient books began after the revolution of 1911.

During his participation in the north south peace talks, he used Baijin to buy a song edition book, the new edition of the collection of ancient essays commented by scholars. This is the first song edition book he bought in his life, and he cherishes it very much. However, after Zhang Yuanji's identification, this book was submitted to the fourth treasury of the Qing Dynasty, which was easily deleted by the librarian. He deeply regretted it, so he made more efforts to buy it.

His library is called shuangjianlou.

The origin of "shuangjianlou" is as follows: his ancestors also had a collection of books, leaving a yuan edition of zizhitongjianyinzhu.

In 1916, he bought a copy of Zizhi Tongjian from duanfang's collection. He called the two song and Yuan editions "Shuangjian", which was the name of his library. Later, he bought the book Hong Fan Zheng Jian, which was collected by Sheng Yu. This book is the highest collection of Sheng's books, and it was written by the court in the 13th year of Chunxi in the Southern Song Dynasty. This is the only and most complete book left by the imperial court of the Southern Song Dynasty.

From the Song Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, it has been preserved in neifu for more than 700 years, and only in the early years of the Republic of China did it go into exile. Its style of writing is clear and vigorous. It has the style of the Tang Dynasty. It is a rare treasure, with mulberry jade plate, jade Chu and Zhu column, and the seal of neifu.

Since then, one of his "Shuangjian" is no longer the yuan version of Zizhi Tongjian Yinzhu, but the Southern Song Dynasty version of Hongfan Zhengjian.

He has been engaged in the research of book collection and edition bibliography for a long time. He made friends with the great book collectors at that time, such as Li Shengduo, Miao Quansun, Yuan Kewen, Tao Xiang, Zhang Yuanji, Liu Chenggan and ye Dehui. His diligence in searching books, wealth in collecting books and excellent editions were the first of all modern book collectors. Only its ancestral secret and rare books have more than 66000 volumes.

After the completion of the new residence in Beijing, it was named "zangyuan" according to Su Shi's sentence that "ten thousand people are like the sea and they are all in possession". The bookstores in the garden include "Subao bookstore", "Changchun room", "chibei library", "Laiyu room", "qilinxuan", "longkan jingshe", etc.

In 1929, he compiled four volumes of shuangjianlou bibliography, which contains 1287 kinds of books. There are more than 25000 volumes, including more than 180 editions in Song Dynasty, 20 volumes and 580 articles.

There are more than 40 volumes of Cangyuan Qun Shu Jing Yan Lu, including 4500 rare books.

Yu Jiaxi, a bibliographer, thinks highly of Cangyuan Qun Shu Ti Ji as his representative catalogue work.

There are more than 10 kinds of bibliography. He wrote a book collection summary of Haiyuan pavilion to describe the source of Yang's book collection. He is good at collation, and has more than 1000 books and 10000 volumes. There are hundreds of thousands of words in the collation of Wenyuan Yinghua alone.

In July 1947, he donated 373 collections of books, more than 4300 volumes, to Peking Library (Beijing Library).

There are more than 20 books printed in the collection, including "collection garden secret book", "Book potential" and "owner of Shuangjian building".

After his death, his posterity donated 480 copies and 3500 copies to Beijing Library.

Book interview

Fu Zengxiang often lingered in Liulichang and longfu Temple bookstores in Beijing, and also visited Zhejiang, Anhui and other places. Every time you know that there is a good book in a certain place, you must get it. If you don't have enough money, you must also ask for a view and borrow the book for collation. All of the income is used for living expenses except salary. Sometimes they are short of funds. They often borrow money to collect books, or sell old books for new ones.

Hong Fan Zhengjian

Such as the above-mentioned "Hong Fan Zheng Jian", after he saw this book from Sheng's family, he never forgot it for more than ten years. One day in the early spring of the year of Wuchen (1928), a bookseller suddenly sold the book for a high price. Fu resolutely sold three baskets of his collection of Japanese and Korean Ancient engraved books in exchange for money to buy the book. It can be described as "giving up the fish and taking the bear's paw".

contact

Fu Zengxiang and his contemporaries Cao Yuanzhong, Wang Bingen, Wu Changshui, Gu Shi, Deng bangshu, Xu Naichang

Chinese PinYin : Fu Zeng Xiang