Zhao gou
Zhao gou
Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty (June 12, 1107 - November 9, 1187), was born in Bianliang, Tokyo (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province). The tenth emperor of the Song Dynasty (from June 12, 1127 to July 24, 1162), the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, the ninth son of Zhao Ji, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, and the younger brother of Zhao Huan, Emperor qinzong of the Song Dynasty.
He was born in the palace in May of the first year of Daguan (June 1107). He was intelligent in nature, learned a lot and had a strong memory. He paid homage to the Taiwei of the inspection school and the Jiedushi of the Dingwu army. After the change of Jingkang, Jin soldiers captured his father song Huizong and his brother song qinzong, and destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou, the king of Kang, was located in yingtianfu, Nanjing (now Shangqiu City, Henan Province) and founded in the Southern Song Dynasty. During his reign, forced by the situation and the people's will, he appointed Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and other generals of the main fighting faction to fight against the Jin army. Huang Qianshan, Wang Boyan, Wang Lun, Qin Hui and others of the main fighting faction were put to death, and Li Gang, Zhang Jun, Han Shizhong and other ministers of the main fighting faction were removed. In the 32nd year of Shaoxing (1162), Zen was located in Zhao Min, the crown prince, with the title of "Guangyao, shoushengxian, Tiandao, Rencheng, Dejing, wuweiwen, Shaoxing, Tongming, Mo, shenglie, supreme emperor". In the 14th year of Chunxi reign (1187), it collapsed in the Deshou palace. At the age of 81, it became one of the rare long-lived emperors in Chinese history. Its posthumous title was "Emperor Wu Wenxian", and its temple name was Gaozong. Song Guangzong Shaoxi two years (1191), the posthumous title of "ordered Zhongxing all meritorious and moral holy God Wuwen Zhaoren Xianxiao emperor.".
Zhao Gou is good at calligraphy. He is good at true, action and cursive writing. His writing style is free and graceful, natural and fluent, which is quite charming in Jin Dynasty. He wrote Hanmo Zhi and passed down Luoshen Fu (cursive) and so on.
Life of the characters
Early experience
Zhao Gou was born on May 12th, the first year of Song Dynasty (June 12th, 1107), in the capital city of Bianliang, Tokyo (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), with his mother Wei Xianfei. On Ding Chou day in August of the same year, he was named Zhao Gou. He was granted the title of governor of the army, inspector of the army, and Duke of Shu.
On the day of Gengshen in the first month of the second year of Daguan (1108), Zhao Gou was granted the title of king of Guangping. Xuanhe three years (1121) December Renzi day, Jin was granted the king of Kang. Zhao Gou is intelligent, knowledgeable and has a strong memory. He can read and recite more than a thousand words every day. In the fourth year of Xuanhe (1122), Zhao Gouxing held a rite of passage and moved to a mansion outside the palace.
In the spring of 1126, the first year of Jingkang, when the Jin army surrounded Kaifeng for the first time, the Jin army ordered the princes and ministers of the Song Dynasty to go to the army to negotiate peace. The Song Dynasty planned to cede Taiyuan, Hejian and Zhongshan, send Zaifu to deliver the land, and the prince to send the Jin army across the Yellow River. Emperor qinzong of Song Dynasty called Zhao Gou to attend. Zhao Gou was not afraid of life and death, so he invited himself to attend. So emperor qinzong of the Song Dynasty ordered Zhang bangchang, the shaozai, to go to Jinying with Zhao Gou. The marshal of Jin army could not do without detaining Zhao Gou for more than ten days. Zhao Gou was not afraid of him. In February, Yao pingzhong was under the control of Xuanfu department in the capital city. He attacked the Jin people's camp at night. The Jin people blamed the Song Dynasty envoys. Zhang bangchang was very scared and cried bitterly. Zhao Gou was not moved by it. He was surprised that Zhao Gou was not the real prince. So he asked the Song court to replace zhao shu, the fifth prince. King Su went to the Jinjun camp and promised to cede the land of the three towns. Zhang bangchangjin was the prime minister, and together with King Su, he was held hostage in the Jin army camp, and Zhao Gou was able to return to the court. In the winter of that year, the Jin soldiers invaded the south again. He was ordered to send an envoy to Jinying to seek peace. He was dissuaded by his minister Zongze to stay in Cizhou, Hebei Province (now Hebei Province), and was able to avoid being captured by the Jin soldiers.
In December of the first year of Jingkang (1126), when the Jin soldiers besieged Kaifeng again, Zhao Gou was ordered to be the Grand Marshal of Hebei soldiers and horses. The Song court ordered him to lead Hebei soldiers and horses to rescue the capital. However, he moved to Beijing Daming prefecture (now Daming City, Hebei Province) and then to Dongping prefecture (now Shandong Province) to avoid the enemy's attack.
Jianyan Nandu
On the first day of may in 1127, the second year of Jingkang (1127), the Jin soldiers captured Huizong and qinzong and went north. Zhao Gou ascended the throne in Nanjing yingtianfu (now Shangqiu City, Henan Province) and became the first emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. At the beginning of the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty, he was forced to take Li Gang as prime minister, but soon drove him away. Together with his favorite officials Wang Boyan and Huang Qianshan, he abandoned the Central Plains and fled from yingtianfu (now Shangqiu City, Henan Province) in Nanjing to Yangzhou.
In the first month of the second year of Jianyan (1128), the Jin army came to Shandong. Zhao Gou appointed Liu Yu as the magistrate of Jinan. In July, Zongze, the general guarding Kaifeng in Tokyo, died of illness. Zhao Gou appointed Du Chong to replace Zongze in guarding Bianliang.
In the second month of the old calendar in the third year of Jianyan (1129), the Jin soldiers rushed to Yangzhou. He crossed the river in confusion and went to Hangzhou through Zhenjiang Prefecture. Under the pressure of public opinion, he had to remove Wang Boyan, Huang Qianshan and others. Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan took advantage of the dissatisfaction of the military sergeants with the government to launch a mutiny, killing Wang Yuan, a privy council officer trusted by song Gaozong, and a group of eunuchs. Song Gaozong forced them to abdicate, which is known as Miao Liu mutiny in history. Lu Yihao, Zhang Jun, Han Shizhong, Liu Guangshi and Zhang Jun, the civil servants, fought as "King Qin", and song Gaozong was "restored". He continued to send envoys to the Jin Dynasty to beg for surrender. He complained that after he fled to the south, "he was poor in his deeds, he was narrow in his days," and "no one could run to the South with the code of conduct", and demanded that the rulers of the Jin Dynasty "forgive themselves for their grief" and stop marching south. However, it did not make any effective deployment for the anti gold war. In September, the Jin soldiers crossed the river and invaded the south, and song Gaozong led his officials to flee south. In October, he went to Yuezhou (now Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province), then fled to Mingzhou (now Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province), and from Mingzhou to Dinghai (now Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province), drifted on the sea and fled to Wenzhou (now Zhejiang Province).
In the summer of the fourth year of Jianyan (1130), after Jin Bing left Jiangnan, Zhao goucai returned to Shaoxing prefecture (now Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province) and Lin'an prefecture (now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province), and later designated Lin'an Prefecture as the traveling place of the Southern Song Dynasty. When the Jin army suspended the invasion to the south, song Gaozong dispatched elite troops to suppress the peasant uprising troops and bandits in Jinghu, Jiangxi, Fujian, etc., consolidating his rule. Although he made some deployment in defense of Jin soldiers, and appointed Yue Fei, Han Shizhong, Wu Li, Liu Guangshi, Zhang Jun and others to be responsible for the defense of Jiang and Huai, he only used military deployment as a bargaining chip for peace negotiation. He attached great importance to Qin Hui, the main peacemaker, as prime minister, and tried to suppress the demands of Yue Fei and other main fighters.
In 1132, Gaozong moved his capital to Hangzhou, and the court of Southern Song Dynasty initially established itself in the southeast.
In 1140 of Shaoxing, when the song army won the war against Jin Dynasty, song Gaozong was worried that the generals would not lose their achievements and the imperial court would not be able to finance them, so he ordered all the song army's leaders.
Humiliate and seek peace
In 1141, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and other generals were relieved of military power, and Jin was determined to make peace. Soon after, he and Qin Hui made an unjust case of Yuefei and his son's rebellion and killed them on the charge of "no need", so he signed a humiliating Shaoxing peace agreement with the Jin Dynasty and paid tribute to Jin in exchange for Jin's recognition of his ruling power in the area south of Huaihe River and dashanguan. After the signing of the peace treaty in November, Qin Hui actually became the Prime Minister for life according to the regulations of the Jin Dynasty. Although song Gaozong was increasingly suspicious of him, he still connived at his autocratic and domineering power and rejected and attacked his ministers who advocated the war of resistance. Even after Qin Hui's death, song Gaozong still appointed wandang Zhe, Tang situi and other crafty villains to take charge of the government. He adhered to the terms of the agreement on peace with Jin Dynasty. Besides paying 250000 taels of silver and 250000 pieces of silk every year, he also gave gifts to the ruler of Jin Dynasty, such as he Zhengdan and his birthday.
In the autumn of 1161, King Wan Yanliang of Jin Hailing invaded the South on a large scale, and Zhao Gou wanted to flee Lin'an again. The king of Jin Hailing failed to cross the river and was killed by his subordinates (see the battle of quarrying). Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty sent an envoy to celebrate emperor Shizong's accession to the throne.
In June of the 32nd year of Shaoxing (1162), after being emperor for 36 years, song Gaozong passed the throne to his adopted son Zhao Min on the ground of "tired and diligent" and wanting to rest more. He was song Xiaozong and called himself the supreme emperor.
Life in old age
After Zhao Gou abdicated, he claimed that he would no longer ask about the government affairs, but actually intervened in some political affairs.
On October 9, 1187, Zhao Gou died at the Deshou palace in Lin'an. He was 81 years old. He was named Emperor Wu Wenxian and Emperor Gaozong. After Zhao Gou's death, the coffin was not buried until Bingyin day in the 16th year of Chunxi (1189).
In the second year of emperor Guangzong's reign in Song Dynasty (1191), he was given the posthumous title of emperor Wuwen Zhaoren Xianxiao.
Political initiatives
Politics
In April of the first year of Jianyan (1127), the Jin army conquered Tokyo (today's Kaifeng City, Henan Province), captured song Huizong, song qinzong's father and son, as well as a large number of Zhao's royal family, harem concubines, Guiqing, courtiers and so on. A total of more than 3000 people went north to the kingdom of Jin, and later Gaozong ascended the throne. In the first three years of Jianyan, Zhao Gou was pursued and killed by the Jin army. In the fourth year of Jianyan, Han Shizhong led 8000 people to encircle the 100000 troops of Jin Wushu. After the battle of Huang tiandang, the morale of Jin's soldiers was greatly reduced, so that he did not dare to cross the Yangtze River rashly. Gao Zongcai moved his capital to Lin'an. During the reign, although forced by the situation, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and other generals fought against Jin and won a series of victories.
In September 1130, in order to capture Shaanxi, the Jin army defeated the song army's counterattack in Fuping (now the north of Fuping City, Shaanxi Province). The battle of Fuping was a large-scale battle in the song and Jin Dynasties. The Southern Song Dynasty rashly assembled heavy troops and hastily launched a counterattack. In terms of campaign command, it relied on the masses to belittle the enemy and did not cooperate with each other, resulting in a great defeat. The Jin army adjusted its deployment in time, concentrated its forces and won by surprise.
buddhist monk
Chinese PinYin : Zhao Gou
Zhao gou
