Yi Yin

Yi Yin

Yiyin (1649-1550 B.C.), with his surname of Yi and his name of Zhi, has the state of Shen (now kongsang village, Gegang Town, Qi County, Henan Province, let's say Cao County, Shandong Province). According to historical records, he was born in Yichuan, Luoyang, the founder of the Shang Dynasty, an outstanding statesman, thinker and Chinese chef.

He is smart, diligent and progressive, and works in a prosperous country. After Chengtang's three appointments, he took the post of right prime minister and combined with Zhonghui to assist Shangtang to defeat Xia Jie. After the establishment of Shang Dynasty. As Yin (equivalent to the Prime Minister of the Qin Dynasty), he governed the world with the theory of "spoon with tripod" and "harmonizing five tastes". We should actively rectify the administration of officials, have insight into the people's feelings and national conditions, and promote economic prosperity and political clarity. Li Shicheng, Tang, waic, Zhongren, Taijia, and woding, the Five Dynasties monarchs, honored as "aheng", assisted the government for more than 50 years, and made great contributions to the prosperity of the Shang Dynasty.

Woding eight years (1550 BC), died, died at the age of 100, to the emperor's ceremony buried in bodu (now Shangqiu City, Henan Province). And worshiped as“

Shang Yuansheng

”In the oracle bone inscriptions, there is a record that Da Yi (Shang Tang) and Yi Yin were worshipped together.

"Mao Zedong's early manuscripts" gave a high evaluation: "Yi Yin's morality, knowledge, economy and achievements are all complete, and can be imitated (can be imitated). Born in the era of autocracy, he was also a real Taigong (Jiang Taigong). With great insight and great momentum, he was able to break through the righteousness of monarchs and ministers in the past five or six hundred years and initiate the revolution. "

Life of the characters

Yi Yin was born in the late Xia Dynasty and the early Shang Dynasty. "Liezi Tianrui" said: "Yiyin was born in kongsang (now Yichuan, Luoyang City, Henan Province)" notes on the water classics · Li Daoyuan · Volume 15 · Yishui chapter ": in the past, there was a Shen's daughter who picked mulberry in Yichuan and got her baby in kongsang. She said that her mother was pregnant on the shore of Yishui. Luo Shen told her that she was going out of the water and to the East. My mother saw the water coming out of the mortar. She told her neighbors to leave. She looked at the town and saw that salt was water. His mother turned into an empty mulberry, and his son was among them. His daughter took it and offered it to him. His life was given to Pao, and he was long and virtuous. Yin thought that Yin was Yin, and he called it Yi Yin.

"Mozi Shangxian" says: "Yiyin is the maid of Youshen's family." In the oracle bone inscriptions, it is recorded that "Da Yi (Shang Tang) and Yi Yin were sacrificed together". It can be said that Yi Yin is the first teacher in China to see the oracle bone inscriptions.

After Yiyin was born, he was adopted by some people in Shenguo. Ploughing in Xinye is the way of Yue Yao and shun. Later, he was appointed as Yin (equivalent to Prime Minister) by Shang Tang, so he was handed down in the name of Yi Yin.

His father was a domestic slave cook who could both slaughter and cook, and his mother was a slave who lived in Yishui (now Luoyang Luanchuan) to collect mulberry and raise silkworms. Before his mother gave birth to him, he was told in a dream that "the mortar will come out of the water and go east, regardless.". The next day, she found that the water in the mortar was like a spring. The kind-hearted mulberry picking girl quickly informed her neighbors to run eastward for 20 Li. When she looked back, the village there became a vast ocean. Because she disobeyed the admonition of God and man, her body became empty. By chance, Shen's mulberry picking girl found a baby in the empty mulberry, so she brought it back to King Shen, who ordered the slave cook to raise him. This myth and legend reflects that Yi Yin was born by water, so it was named Yi, and his mother was the slave who picked mulberry.

Yiyin was smart and diligent since he was young. Although he cultivated in the vast country, he was happy with Yao and Shun's way. He not only mastered cooking skills, but also understood the way of governing the country. He was a cook of slave owners and nobles, and a "teacher servant" of nobles' children. Because he was famous for his research on the administration of the three emperors and five emperors and King Dayu, the king of Shang Tang, who was thirsty for talents, went to Youshen country to hire him with jade, silk, horse and skin as gifts. In the southwest of kongsangjian in Songxian County, there is a small hill as flat as a few. It is the sanpintai hired by Yiyin by Shangtang. In the right wing room of yuanshengci in Longtou village of Shagou in the south of the city, it is specially built for later generations. Because King Shen didn't agree to employ Yi Yin, Shang Tang had to marry his daughter. Therefore, Yi Yin came to Tang Wang as a slave.

"Mencius" said: "Tang to Yiyin, learn Yan then Minister, so not labor but king." It can be seen that Yiyin was the first imperial teacher in China. What knowledge does Yi Yin teach Shangtang. According to Mencius wanzhang, Yi Yin "wanted soup with the way of Yao and Shun" and "saved the people by attacking Xia". Jiaotang imitated Yao and Shun's strategy of governing the world by virtue and conquering Xia to save the people.

Yi Yin first returned to the Yiluo River Valley and crossed with Yuan Fei Zhen Xi, who was abandoned by the king of Xia Jie in the Luo river valley. Through Zhen Xi, he learned a lot of important information about the king of Xia Jie. In order to test Jiuyi's attitude towards xiajie king, Yiyin persuades Shangtang to stop paying tribute to xiajie king. As a result, Xia Jie was so angry that he attacked Tang. Seeing that Jiuyi's division was still under the command of Xia Jie, Yi Yin offered Shangtang a plan to temporarily resume the tribute to the Xia Dynasty and actively prepare to attack the Xia Dynasty.

Around 1601 BC, Yiyin decided to stop paying tribute to the king of Xia again. Although Xia Jie started to fight again, he was "unable to afford the division of the nine barbarians" and was completely isolated politically and militarily. Yi Yin saw that the time was ripe to destroy Xia, so he assisted Shang Tang and immediately ordered to destroy Xia. When Xia Jie was defeated and fled to the south, Tang, after destroying the three vassals of the Xia Dynasty, moved westward and quickly occupied the heart of the Xia Dynasty, namely, the area of Zhenhe in the Yiluo Valley, which is located in the Yiluo plain near Luoyang, between Erlitou village, sijiaolou village and gebatou village in Yanshi. This war was the strategy of cutting down the Xia Dynasty taught by Yi Yin to Shang Tang, and soon the Xia Dynasty perished.

After the establishment of Shang Dynasty, Shangtang appointed Yizhi as Yin. In the book of records of the historian, Yin Benji, Huangfu Mi notes: "Yin, Zhengye, means Tang Shi Zhengtian. "Zhengtianxia" is to set an example, set a model for the world and teach the world. In Shangshu junshuang, Zhou Gongyu was quoted to say that "Yiyin is like the emperor", which is a statement on behalf of heaven. His words are equal to Providence, so it can be said that Yi Yin is the supreme teacher. He once said, "the people are born of heaven, so that they can perceive before they know, and that they can perceive before they know." He also claimed: "to the people of heaven who have the foresight, to the generals who have the foresight, not to the children who have the foresight." (Mencius wanzhang). Yiyin regarded himself as a forerunner and regarded his own words as the highest doctrine to educate the people, which had the style of giving up others. It can be seen that Yi Yin is the person with the highest teacher power in the country.

After the death of Shang Tang, Yi Yin passed through Wai Bing and Zhong Ren and became the teacher of Tai Jia, the eldest grandson of Tang King. It is said that Taijia didn't abide by the general policy of Shangtang. In order to educate Taijia, Yiyin placed Taijia in a specific educational environment tonggong, the place where Chengtang was buried. He himself and other ministers took power on behalf of him, which is known as the Republic in history. He wrote Yixun, Siming, yuhou and other words about how to govern, what can be done, what can't be done, and how to succeed The method of soup. In the specific educational environment created by Yiyin, Taijia stayed in tonggong for three years, thinking about Chengtang's achievements and self pity, deeply introspecting, "churen Qianyi", learning Yiyin's precepts, gradually realizing his own mistakes and repenting. When Taijia had the performance of changing from evil to good, Yiyin went to tonggong to meet him in time and handed him the royal power, but he continued to be Taijia's assistant. Under Yi Yin's patient education, Taijia was "diligent in administration and moral cultivation" after restoration, and inherited Tang's administration, which had a good performance. The politics of Shang Dynasty appeared the situation of Qingming again. According to the historical records, "when the princes return to Yin, the common people will have peace.". So Yiyin wrote three pieces of Taijia and one piece of xianyouyide praising Taijia. Taijia eventually became a promising monarch, and was honored as "Da Da" by his descendants.

According to Chen Junjian's chronology of cadres and branches of Shang and Zhou dynasties, Yiyin died in the year of wodingding, which is why many oracle bone inscriptions record that Yiyin must have Ding. Therefore, the relationship between the oracle bone inscriptions of Yiyin can be verified one by one.

Main achievements

Medical Science

According to the research of scholars, Yi Yin's identity in business is not only the prime minister in the regime, but also a wizard. Shang is a dynasty that worships ghosts and gods very much. The important and minor affairs of a country are all divination. "The important affairs of a country are in sacrifice and military service", so the wizard has a high status. Yiyin was the largest wizard in Shang Dynasty. In ancient times, witchcraft, history and medicine were integrated. Most of the witches had the function of medicine. For example, wupeng and Wuxian were famous for their medical skills. Shuowen interpreted "Yin" as "Zhiye". Kang Yin, an ancient philologist, pointed out that Yin, like a hand holding a needle, shows that acupuncture can cure people's diseases; Yin, the official name, is also the extension and transformation of the meaning of medical treatment. Yiyin means both medicine and physiognomy from Yishui. In the final analysis, it is also a wizard from Yishui.

Fifty one Yiyin written by Yiyin is recorded in Hanshu Yiwenzhi, the National Library Catalogue of the Western Han Dynasty. Ban Guzhu said: Tang Xiang. This book is equivalent to Taigong, Guanzi, wuguanzi and Huainan Wang, and is listed as a strategist by Ban Gu. It seems that it can also be used as a Book of war. There are 27 novels in the category of novels. Ban Guzhu said: "its language is shallow and seems to rely on it." There is a volume of Yiyin book in yuhanshanfang's collection of lost books, as well as Yiyin chapter in silk books unearthed from Mawangdui's Han tomb.

The biggest legacy left by Shang Dynasty is the oracle bone inscriptions in Yin Ruins. The oracle bone inscriptions were created by witches to offer sacrifices to ghosts and gods and to divine good or bad luck. Among them, there are also contents about the sacrifice to Yiyin. In the oracle bone inscriptions, "Yiyin", "Yi", "Yiluo" and "HuangYin" all refer to Yiyin. There are more than 20 kinds of diseases recorded in oracle bone inscriptions, such as head disease, eye disease, ear disease, mouth disease, body disease, foot disease, disease stopping, disease breeding, disease son, disease speech, Gu disease, caries disease, etc., as well as disease year, rain disease, disease reducing and so on. Although it can not be said that Yi Yin is directly related, he must have participated in similar divination activities.

There is Tang Ye Jing FA in Yi Wen Zhi of Han Dynasty, which is regarded as Yi by doctors

Chinese PinYin : Yi Yin