Ye Duzheng

Ye Duzheng

Ye Duzheng (1916.2.21-2013.10.16), also known as ye Pingzhai, was born in Tianjin. His ancestral home is Anqing City, Anhui Province. He is a meteorologist, one of the main founders of modern meteorology in China, the founder of Atmospheric Physics in China, and the pioneer of global climate change research.

Ye Duzheng graduated from southwest United University in 1940, obtained a master's degree from Zhejiang University in 1943, obtained a doctor's degree from the University of Chicago in November 1948, served as director of Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980, and was elected member (academician) of the academic department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences from 1981 to 1985, and President of the Chinese Meteorological Society from 1979 to 1987 In 2006, he won the highest national science and Technology Award in 2005.

Ye Duzheng was engaged in the study of atmospheric circulation and long wave dynamics in his early years, and put forward the theory of long wave energy dispersion; in the 1950s, he put forward the idea that the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is a heat source in summer, which opened up the research on the thermal effect of the large terrain and the meteorology of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau; he put forward the seasonal mutation of the atmospheric circulation in the northern hemisphere and triggered a series of studies; and in the 1960s, he put forward the theory of adaptation to the atmospheric wind field and pressure field In the late 1970s, he was engaged in the research on the relationship between land and gas and advocated global change and occupied a place in the world.

Life of the characters

In 1916 (the fifth year of the Republic of China), ye Duzheng was born in a former Qing Daotai family in Tianjin. This year, China had its first modern meteorological record. In 1930 (the 19th year of the Republic of China), ye Duzheng, who had received 14 years of private school education, was admitted to Tianjin Nankai Middle School. During his time in Nankai Middle School, he gradually learned about the extravagance and licentiousness of bureaucrats, the hardships of people's livelihood, the calamities of the country, and the survival of the nation. In 1934 (the 23rd year of the Republic of China), in the era of "the size of North China, but there is no room for a quiet desk", ye Duzheng took an active part in the student movement, and he was almost expelled from the school when he was about to graduate from middle school. In 1935 (the 24th year of the Republic of China), the December 9th Movement broke out, and ye Duzheng, who had just been admitted to Tsinghua University, soon took part in the movement. Two years later, he went back to school and met Qian Sanqiang, a senior at the table tennis table. Under Qian Sanqiang's persuasion, ye Duzheng gave up his favorite physics major and chose meteorology, which is more practical for the country. In 1937 (the 26th year of the Republic of China), after the July 7th incident, ye Duzheng went south with the school, but the patriotic youth's ambition remained unchanged. In the summer of 1938 (the 27th year of the Republic of China), ye Tuzheng's five elder brother ye Tuzhuang accidentally met ye Tuzheng on the road in Xi'an. Ye Tuzheng joined Wei Lihuang's field service group with his girlfriend in Tsinghua University. At that time, ye duzhuang advised him, "you'd better study instead of doing this." later, ye Duzheng went back to the Southwest Associated University to continue his studies, but it was not because of his brother's admonition, but because the female classmate proposed to break up. In 1940 (the 29th year of the Republic of China), ye Duzheng graduated from the Department of geology, geography and meteorology of southwest United University and was admitted to the Institute of history and geography of national Zhejiang University, where he had moved in at that time. He studied atmospheric electricity in Guizhou under the guidance of Wang Ganchang, a famous teacher. In 1943 (32 years of the Republic of China), he received a master of Science degree from national Zhejiang University. After graduating from the master's degree, ye Duzheng became an assistant researcher in the Institute of meteorology, Academia Sinica. At the beginning of 1945 (the 34th year of the Republic of China), ye Du was selected by the national government to study in the United States. He flew to India from Chongqing alone, and then sailed through the Indian Ocean and Australia. He drifted on the sea for more than a month before reaching the United States. At that time, in Chicago, he didn't want to go boating on the beautiful Lake Michigan or visit the towering hills building. Instead, he devoted himself to intense study all day. In 1948 (the 37th year of the Republic of China), ye Du received his doctorate in the Graduate School of the University of Chicago. After graduation, he stayed in school and studied with the world famous atmospheric physicist Robert Rossby. During this period, ye Duzheng published more than ten important papers. In his doctoral dissertation "on the dispersion and propagation of atmospheric energy", he proposed the "long wave energy dispersion theory" of atmospheric motion, which is known as one of the three classical theories of dynamic meteorology. Ye Duzheng became one of the main members of the "Chicago School" represented by Rossby. In 1949, in the American Journal of meteorology, ye Duzheng published his first significant academic paper, energy dispersion in the atmosphere, which was recognized as a classic work in the field of dynamic meteorology. In the same year, the people's Republic of China was founded, and ye Duzheng, who was in a foreign land, made the choice of returning home in due time. "I think there is hope for new China, and I want to do something for my country," he told his mentor, Robert Rossby Rossby was talked about. In October 1950, with the help of Rossby, ye Duzheng and his wife Feng Hui returned to China while new China was celebrating its first national day. After returning to China, ye Duzheng was appointed director of the Beijing work station of the Institute of Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He started his hard work in a dilapidated house in the North Wei Hutong in Xizhimen, Beijing. In 1957, ye Duzheng and his colleagues made a pioneering study on the seasonal variation of the East Asian circulation, which aroused great concern in the international meteorological community. He has been the director of Atmospheric Physics in Department of Geophysics, University of science and technology of China since 1958. In 1966, he was a researcher, director and honorary director of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice president and invited consultant of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In October 1978, Mr. Ye Duzheng became director of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. at the end of the "Cultural Revolution" and the end of scientific research, ye Duzheng's strategic ideas on the development of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, as well as his remarkable achievements as director of the Institute, laid a good foundation for the later development of the Institute. During the Eighth Five Year Plan period, ye Duzheng, as the chief representative of meteorology, was responsible for one of the national key scientific research projects of "prediction research on the change trend of China's living environment in the next 20-50 years". in November 1980, he was elected a member of the Department of Geosciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and later a member of the Standing Committee. 1981-1985, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1979-1987, President of China Meteorological Society. In 1987, the Council of the International Union of Sciences appointed ye Duzheng as a member of the special committee of the international geosphere biosphere project. In 1995, ye Duzheng donated 1 million yuan of the "He Liang He Li Foundation Science and Technology Achievement Award" to the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to reward young scholars who have made outstanding contributions in the field of atmospheric research. In 2005, he won the highest national science and technology award. at 18:35 on October 16, 2013, academician ye Duzheng died of illness in Beijing, China, at the age of 98.

Main achievements

Achievements in scientific research

Creating meteorology of Qinghai Tibet Plateau

ye Duzheng first discovered that the southern jet and the northern jet around the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and their confluence become the most powerful jet in the northern hemisphere, which seriously affects the weather and climate of East Asia; he and flohn, a climatologist outside China, respectively pointed out that the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is a huge heat source of the atmosphere in summer, and ye Duzheng also pointed out that the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is a cold source in winter; at the same time, he also deeply studied it The heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau in summer and their effects on the atmospheric circulation in East Asia are studied. As a result of his research work, he accepted the concept of thermal effect of large terrain in the world, which laid a scientific foundation for the establishment of Meteorology of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.

The theory of energy dispersion of atmospheric long wave is established

Ye Duzheng put forward the energy dispersion theory of atmospheric plane Rossby wave, which proved theoretically that the energy in the westerly circulation can propagate downstream (or upstream) at a group velocity far greater than the wind speed, which provided a theoretical basis for the prediction of modern atmospheric long wave. At the same time, it also gave a dynamic explanation for the generation, maintenance and movement of blocking high pressure weather system. It was 31 years later that this theory was popularized by B. Hoskins's "big circle theory" and became the theoretical explanation of teleconnection and teleconnection response.

Establishing the theory of general circulation and abrupt change of seasons in East Asia

Ye Duzheng and Tao Shiyan found that the circulation in East Asia and North America changed sharply during the transition season (June and October), which is of great significance to the weather forecast in China. They also found that the establishment and collapse of the blocking situation is often accompanied by a strong change in the large-scale circulation situation, and its long-term maintenance brings about large-scale climate anomalies, thus proving the importance of blocking high in the continuous abnormal weather forecast. These findings and theories have become important documents for the study of East Asian meteorology and laid an important foundation for weather forecasting in China. More than 10 years later, because of the extremely cold weather in North America in the winter of 1976, scholars outside China began to put forward various systems theories and formed an important research direction.

Establishing adaptive scale theory of atmospheric motion

whether the atmospheric pressure field or the wind field is dominant in the atmospheric circulation is a long-term controversial issue in the academic circle, and it is also one of the key points of weather forecast. Ye Duzheng et al. Established the theory of adaptive scale of atmospheric motion through a series of works: there are characteristic scales for motions of different spatial scales, when the spatial scale of actual motion is larger than this characteristic scale, the pressure field plays a leading role; when the spatial scale of motion is smaller than the characteristic scale, the wind field plays a leading role; for atmospheric motions of medium and small scales, there are also adaptive problems . This is an original theory

Chinese PinYin : Ye Du Zheng