Chen Tianhua

Chen Tianhua

Chen Tianhua (1875-1905, December 8), a democratic revolutionist in modern China, was originally named Xiansu, whose name was Xingtai, whose name was Guoting, and his nickname was Sihuang. He was born in fengyangping, Lishu, Ronghua Township, Xinhua County, Hunan Province. He was one of the founders of Huaxing society, a member of China League, and a revolutionary martyr in the late Qing Dynasty. In 1896, he entered Zijiang Academy in Xinhua, and in 1898, he entered Xinhua practical school. In 1903, he studied in Japan and participated in organizing the "anti Russian volunteer team" and the "military National Education Association". The next year, he returned to China to participate in organizing the "Huaxing Association" and prepare to launch the Changsha uprising.

In 1905, he founded the magazine of twentieth Century in Tokyo and Song Jiaoren, assisted Sun Zhongshan in organizing the League meeting, drafted the revolutionary strategy, and the Min newspaper launched the * * debate on the Kangliang and royalist school. In protest against the "rules for banning foreign students in the Qing Dynasty" issued by the Japanese government, he died in Japan at the age of 30 in Osamu Bay, Tokyo. In the spring of 1906, his coffin was transported back to Changsha and buried in Yuelu Mountain.

Chen Tianhua was an outstanding agitator and propagandist during the revolution of 1911. His "fierce turning back" and "alarm bell" became the clarion call and alarm bell of the propaganda revolution at that time.

Chen Tianhua's progressive ideas on a series of issues such as the Manchurian revolution, the establishment of a democratic government and the cultivation of modern citizens reached an unprecedented height at that time, which played a great role in promoting the arrival of the climax of China's modern democratic revolution, and he was a revolutionist who made contributions to China's democratic revolution.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Chen Tianhua, formerly known as Xiansu, is a member of Zhifang Regiment (now Lishu fengyangping, Ronghua township), Xinhua County, Hunan Province. His mother died early and his father was a teacher in a private school. He learned from his father when he was young. Because his family was poor, he sold small businesses to make up for his poverty. He often borrows books such as historical records from people, especially likes to read Legendary Novels, and also loves folk rap and Tanchi. In 1895, Chen Tianhua moved to the county with his father and still made a living by selling baskets.

Stage of study

In 1896, with the help of his clansmen, he entered Zijiang Academy in Xinhua, and assiduously studied the Twenty-Four Histories.

In 1898, he entered Xinhua practical school (now No.1 Middle School of Xinhua County). Deeply influenced by the reform thought, he advocated the establishment of no foot binding Association and became a supporter of the reform movement.

In 1900, he entered Yuelu Academy, the provincial capital, with the highest achievements. At that time, he came to Hunan to make him know his talent and want to be his wife. Chen Xiaofa and Huo Qubing in the Han Dynasty said that "the Huns are not destroyed and there is no home for them", but declined politely, saying: "I will not marry if my country is in trouble" (until I go across the sea to serve my country, I have never married all my life). The next year, he transferred to Qiushi Academy.

At the beginning of 1903, he entered the Provincial Normal University, and soon received official fees to study in the normal Department of Hongwen University in Tokyo, Japan. He participated in the organization of the "anti Russian volunteer team" and the "military National Education Association".

Revolutionary experience

In the spring of 1903, Chen Tianhua was sent to Japan as an official student to study in the normal Department of Hongwen University.

Soon, when tsarist Russia attempted to occupy the three northeastern provinces, the incident of resisting Russia occurred,

The motherland is in the situation of losing sovereignty. Chen Po sent a bloody letter to Hunan schools.

Zhao Erxun, governor of Hunan Province, was also moved. He read it in various schools and published it in the official newspaper,

They also ordered all governments, prefectures and counties to set up military training centers,

So that the morale of the anti Russian movement in Hunan Province was even higher.

Chen Yiyong and the Russian Resistance Army actively participated in the education of the Japanese National Association in China.

He also wrote daily to warn the world. In the same year, he wrote two books, Meng huitou and alarm bell,

With strong patriotism and revolutionary courage, these two books reveal that it is imminent for the imperialist powers to carve up China,

He pointed out that the Qing government had become "the court of foreigners" and called on people from all walks of life to unite,

The implementation of paiman and "killing the foreign devils" have produced strong repercussions in the society.

Planning an uprising in China

On November 4 in the winter of 1903, Chen Tianhua, Liu Kuiyi, Song Jiaoren and Yang Yulin celebrated Huang Xing's 30th birthday,

A secret meeting was held and it was decided to organize a revolutionary group, Huaxing society.

On February 15, 1904, Chen Tianhua, together with Huang Xing and Song Jiaoren, founded the Huaxing society in Changsha, Hunan Province, and participated in launching the secret revolutionary group Huaxing society in Changsha, Hunan Province,

He went to Jiangxi to instigate an army uprising. Soon, because of the Qing government's search, Chen Tianhua had to go to Japan again.

In March 1904, after arriving in Japan, Chen Tianhua entered the University of law and politics. In August, he ventured back to China,

Prepare to participate in the Changsha uprising launched by Huaxing society. He failed and went to Japan.

In January 1905, Japan's Wanchao newspaper published an article predicting that China would be divided up,

This caused a stir among Chinese students studying in Japan. Chen Tianhua immediately wrote the request for national salvation,

The Manchu Qing government was required to implement constitutionalism and save the nation from subjugation. He pointed out that reform should be carried out and the state should be established as early as possible. Local governments should be given the right of autonomy and the people should be given the right of freedom, writing, speech and assembly. At the same time, the citizens should undertake the obligations of serving as soldiers, paying taxes, raising public bonds and enlightening the government.

In June 1905 * * Chen Tianhua and Song Jiaoren founded the twentieth Century Chinese magazine. In July, Sun Yat Sen went to Japan and advocated uniting various revolutionary groups to form a Chinese Alliance, which Chen Tianhua actively supported. In August, the Chinese League was founded. He served as secretary and was promoted as one of the drafters of the constitution. Lion's roar of China changed to the official newspaper of the China League * * in twentieth Century. He published many articles and political novel lion roar in the "Min Bao". In November of the same year, the Ministry of education, culture, culture, culture, culture, education, education, education, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture. In order to inspire people, Chen Tianhua left more than ten thousand words in the book of doomsday on December 7 and committed suicide by crossing the sea the next day. His works are collected as Chen Tianhua's collection.

Go through the sea

On December 8, 1905, Chen Tianhua committed suicide by walking through the sea (from the shallow part of the sea to the deep part of the sea) in Tokyo, Japan, protesting against the "rules for banning students studying in Japan in the Qing Dynasty" promulgated by the Japanese Ministry of education, culture, culture, culture and education. Chen Tianhua protested against Japan and awakened his compatriots by walking across the sea. He wrote the book of doomsday. On the morning of December 8, Chen Tianhua committed suicide by crossing the sea. He was only 31 years old.

After Chen Tianhua committed suicide, he left more than ten thousand words in the book of doomsday, encouraging people to "go by no means, and talk about patriotism together". On July 11, 1906, Changsha students and tens of thousands of people from all walks of life held a public funeral for Chen Tianhua.

Chen Tianhua's death caused a great sensation at that time. In the spring of 1906, when Chen Tianhua's coffin was transported back to Shanghai, the Chinese public school held a public burial meeting for him and Yao Hongye, another member of the Huangpu River Alliance, who committed suicide. More than 1000 people attended the meeting. At the meeting, Yao Hongye's letter and Chen Tianhua's resignation were read out. Everyone cried bitterly. The meeting decided to send Chen Yao's coffin back to his hometown Hunan for public burial.

Main ideas

Politics

Chen Tianhua's anti imperialist patriotism is very clear, resolute and thorough. Meng Hui tou and alarm bell are the two most influential works in Chen Tianhua's anti imperialist and anti feudal works. The essence of these two books is the strong anti imperialist patriotism, which is mainly manifested in four aspects

One is to denounce the imperialist aggression against China, to wake up the alarm of national subjugation and extermination, and to sound the horn of anti imperialism and anti Qing. In these two books, Chen Tianhua laments the imperialist crisis of dividing up China and the "bloodbath" created by the aggressors, which put our compatriots in a very painful situation. Because of the imperialist policy of "cutting soil and dividing territory", China has "no clean land" and "a good land has become a world of dogs and sheep"

Second, it vividly outlined the reactionary features of the Qing government and called on people to overthrow the reactionary rule of the Qing government with armed revolution. This paper makes a profound analysis of the fact that the imperialists did not divide China immediately and used the Qing government as a tool for them to manage and enslave the Chinese people. He pointed out: "I don't know if countries don't carve up China, because the number of countries is over, and it's hard to divide it equally for a moment. Moreover, China has a very wide place, and the power of other countries is not as good as that. It's much cheaper to keep this Manchuria government, take him to lead it, and then take charge of the Manchuria government? It will take a year to carve up, and the power of all countries will become more and more stable. When it comes time to carve up, as long as the Manchuria government is removed, it will take a lot of effort. This clearly exposed the relationship between imperialism and the Qing government and the imperialist sinister intentions. Chen Tianhua had a deeper understanding of the purpose of imperialist aggression and the seriousness of the national crisis.

Third, his viewpoint of resisting imperialism has the rudiment of people's war thought, which is very valuable. In response to the fact that many Chinese people at that time were "extremely afraid of foreigners", Chen Tianhua mentioned in the world alarm: "in fact, foreigners are also one person, and I am also one person. How can I be afraid of them? Some people say that foreigners are very powerful in China, and there are foreign soldiers everywhere. If I work together, he will restrain me. I don't know if I'm the Lord and he's the guest. Although he comes more often, it's hard for him to reach me. When he thought that he could go deep into my hinterland, I said he could go deep into death. As long as we have soldiers all over the country, he will be attacked on all sides. Even if he has guns, he will be invincible. " This thought of daring to despise the enemy aroused the people's enthusiasm to resist imperialism. "All the people are soldiers" he put forward is the original idea of the people's war against aggression, which shows the confidence, strength, spirit and spirit of the Chinese people.

Fourth, it advocates learning from the West and introducing advanced western science and technology to make China rich and strong. Since the Opium War, the fact that China was repeatedly invaded by foreign enemies has had a great impact on people's thinking

Chinese PinYin : Chen Tian Hua