Zhang Yan

Zhang Yan

Zhang Yan (1896-1925) was born in jianglinhe village, Beixinzhuang Township, Renqiu City, Hebei Province. The first political instructor of Huangpu Military Academy. Zhang Yan's original name was Jiang Weiqing, another name was Yunhua. After entering the second Preparatory School of Wuchang army, he changed his name from Weiqing to "Weiqing", later to zhanglun, and then to Zhangyun (No. Mengyun). Zhang Yan is an early military theorist in Huangpu Military Academy.

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In 1905 (the thirty first year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), a public primary school was set up in sanzhuo village nearby, where Jiang Weiqing studied. One year later (1906 AD), he was admitted to Renqiu County Primary School of higher education. In 1908 (the 34th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Jiang Weiqing graduated from Renqiu primary school and was admitted to hejianfu middle school. During this period, excellent academic performance, has been ranked first. In the spring of 1909 (the first year of Xuantong of Qing Dynasty), Jiang Weiqing was admitted to Tianjin Zhili Provincial Institute of technology with excellent results. on October 10, 1911 (August 19 of the old calendar), the Wuchang Uprising, like a spring thunder, shocked the land of China and awakened the Chinese nation. Under the influence of the revolution of 1911, he decided to stop his study for more than two years. He left Tianjin and went down to join the army. His income and expenses in Shanghai were provided by his family. In 1930, he went back to his hometown and sold a house. In 1950, when he suppressed the counter revolution, he was imprisoned and died. He was 76 years old. He participated in the student army organized by Shen Jianhou and took part in the revolutionary struggle to overthrow the Qing government and establish a Democratic Republic. On January 1, 1912, after the establishment of the provisional government of the Republic of China in Nanjing, the name of the student army was changed to renwusheng. In April of the same year, after the north south peace talks, the Nanjing government moved to Beijing. In July and August, the students were sent to the second Preparatory School of Wuchang army. After arriving at the school, Jiang Weiqing and Zhao Ximing were arranged in the fourth company. During this period, he felt that the word "Wei Qing" was inappropriate, because the Qing Dynasty had been destroyed, so he changed the word "Qing" to "Qing" and studied in school for more than a year. In the second half of 1913 (the second year of the Republic of China), Jiang Weiqing had a quarrel with a teacher who taught geometry to students. The teacher reported the matter to principal Jin Yongyan, who ordered Jiang Weiqing to be expelled from school. In 1914, Jiang Weiqing went to Xinjiang, where he was full of confidence and changed his name to Zhang Diexi. Determined to do a career, lay the foundation of life. Unexpectedly, after arriving in Xinjiang, Jiang Weiqing was suspected to be a "disorderly party" and refused to accept, but he returned to Beijing. At this time, he heard that Chen Qimei had arrived in Shanghai. Because of her old relationship with him, he arrived in Shanghai from Beijing and followed Chen Qimei in the struggle against Yuan's restoration of the monarchy and the maintenance of the Republic. During this period, Jiang Weiqing disguised himself as Zhang Tan and Zhang Yan in order to cover his identity. In order to oppose Yuan Shikai's restoration of the monarchy, Chen Qimei planned two major events in Shanghai: one was to assassinate Zheng Rucheng, the Shanghai Garrison envoy, and the other was to instigate the Zhaohe warship uprising. Zhang Yan was one of the participants in both events. Chen Qimei organized these activities in Shanghai to oppose the monarchy. The Yuan's restoration of the monarchy farce not only did not end, but more intense. In December 1915, Chen Qimei sent Zhang Yan to Beijing with a huge sum of ten thousand yuan to organize yuan overthrowing activities in Beijing and Tianjin. He lived at 45 Dongsi Hutong, Beijing. On June 6, 1916, Yuan Shikai died in the whole country and the imperial system was abolished. Zhang Yan's mission in Beijing came to an end. In 1924, the Kuomintang was reorganized and the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was realized. Sun Yat Sen accepted the suggestions of the Communist International and the Communist Party of China and founded the Huangpu Military Academy. Chiang Kai Shek was appointed president. Zhang Yan was employed as the commander of Huangpu Military Academy because he had been in Wuchang military academy and met Chiang Kai Shek in Shanghai. In the spring of 1924, he came to Guangzhou and joined the Huangpu Military Academy as the political instructor of the first phase. He served as the party representative of the company. Later, he was promoted to the party representative of the battalion and won the rank of major. And joined the Communist Party of China. During his tenure as a military instructor in Huangpu Military Academy, Zhang Yan focused on the systematic and in-depth study of the three people's principles and the military building theory of the national revolutionary army. He made a significant contribution to the education of military academies. His "question and answer of soldiers' day class" was ordered by Chiang Kai Shek and distributed to the party representatives of each battalion and company of the regiment as a teaching material for educating soldiers. Shortly after his death, the Political Department of the Huangpu Military Academy and the party Department of the Huangpu special region decided to print his posthumous book "on China's conscription system" in a single edition as the first publication of the "Chinese Military Society Series". He also wrote "an introduction to the independence of military supplies", "the new spirit of the revolutionary army of the three people's principles" and other works, which were selected as teaching materials for military academy students. They were important works of the early Communists engaged in the study of military issues. On March 12, 1925, he died in the first battle of the eastern expedition to Mianhu and was buried in the tomb of the martyrs of the eastern expedition on Changzhou Island, Guangzhou. He was thirty-five years old. in 1945, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China recognized him as a revolutionary martyr.

Devote oneself to the eastern expedition

In order to consolidate the revolutionary base in Guangdong, at the beginning of 1925, with the support of the Communist Party of China, the Guangzhou revolutionary army government launched the first eastward expedition against the rebel Chen Jiongming. At that time, because Sun Yat Sen, the supreme commander, was sick in Beijing, the revolutionary military government decided to appoint Chiang Kai Shek, the president of Huangpu Military Academy, as the commander-in-chief of the eastern expedition, Liao Zhongkai as the party representative, and Qian Dajun as the chief of staff, and to form two training groups of Huangpu Military Academy. He Yingqin, head of the first regiment, Miao bin, party representative, and Liu bingcui, chief of staff; Wang Boling, head of the second regiment, Zhang Jingyu, party representative, and Gu Zhutong, chief of staff. Each regiment has three battalions. Zhang Yan was appointed party representative of the first battalion of the first regiment. At the beginning of February 1925, the two training regiments of the eastern expeditionary army, namely the Guangdong army and the Huangpu Military Academy, attacked Danshui, Pingshan and hailufeng along the guangjiu railway to advance Chaoshan. On February 14, the training regiment besieged Danshui in three ways. At 3 p.m., the first regiment was instructed to occupy the highland outside the southeast gate of Danshui City, and began to attack the city at 6:25 the next day. "Shen Yingshi, commander of a regiment and a battalion, and Zhang Yan, party representative, led the whole battalion to capture the foot of the southeast gate. After one and a half hours of fierce fighting, they attacked the city and planted the flag of Huangpu Military Academy on the "Danshui city". On February 26, the Huangpu army stationed in Puning and Jieyang and controlled the whole Chaoshan area. Chen Jiongming, unwilling to be defeated, commanded Lin Hu and Li Yibiao to go south from Meixian district and Xingning District of Meizhou City in early March, vowing to fight the Huangpu army. On March 12, the main force of the Huangpu army moved westward and intercepted the enemy going south. At 1 p.m., Lin Hu's Department stationed in hEPO Town, pointing to Lihu town and Honghu town in two directions. The Huangpu army instructed a regiment to enter Mianhu town to meet the enemy's left road. At 8 a.m. on the 13th, fighting began. Lin Hu's troops were ten times more than Huangpu's troops. At the beginning, he attacked one regiment and taught them to be brave and indomitable. The first battalion fought against each other with a white blade, charged repeatedly, and finally stopped the enemy at a great cost. In the afternoon, the enemy fled in the direction of Heshun. The 1st and 3rd battalions of Huangpu 1st regiment jointly pursued the enemy. At Heshun, the enemy reinforcements arrived, and the two sides fought fiercely again. The officers and men of the first battalion "came one after another, with more than half of the casualties.". Zhang Yan, the party representative, and Yang houqing, the vice-president of the camp, were killed by the bullet. At 4 p.m., the battle of Mianhu ended and the Huangpu army won. The victory of Mianhu battle not only won the honor for Huangpu Military Academy, but also laid the foundation for Chiang Kai Shek and he Yingqin to rise step by step. Therefore, Jiang and he took March 13 every year as a special day for commemoration, and he Yingqin came forward to gather Huangpu students who participated in the battle of Mianhu for a dinner. In 1926, the national government of Guangzhou spent a lot of money to build a cemetery for the martyrs of the eastern expedition in Pinggang, Changzhou Island, west of Huangpu Military Academy, which is called "the tomb of the martyrs of the eastern expedition". In October 1928, a monument was erected for the martyrs. It is also called "the stele for the names of the soldiers who died in the eastern expedition of the Military Academy of the National Revolutionary Army". Zhang Yan ranked fifth on the monument. Zhang Yan, as one of the two most senior representatives of the battalion and the party among the victims of the first eastern expedition, was the most senior one among those killed in the battle, and also the first member of the Communist Party who died in the eastern expedition. However, in Huangpu's "staff directory" and "classmate directory", Zhang Yan did not even write down his name. Some materials and memoirs mistakenly refer to Zhang Yan's writing as "Zhang Yan" and "Zhang Zhi".

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