Xu Haidong

Xu Haidong

Xu Haidong (June 17, 1900 - March 25, 1970), formerly known as Yuanqing, was born in Xincheng Town, Dawu County, Hubei Province. He is one of the main leaders of the Chinese Red Army and the Chinese people's Liberation Army, a famous militarist and a general of the Chinese people's Liberation Army.

He joined the Communist Party of China in 1925 and participated in the jute uprising. He successively served as the division commander of the fourth independent division of the Fourth Red front army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army, the commander of the 25th Red Army, and the head of the 15th Red Army. He successfully defended the Northern Shaanxi base. During the Anti Japanese War, he served as brigade commander of 344 brigade of 115th division of the Eighth Route Army, deputy commander of Jiangbei headquarters and commander of the fourth detachment of the New Fourth Army. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, he served as a member of the people's Revolutionary Military Commission. In 1955, he was awarded the rank of general, the first level of 81 medal, the first level of independence and freedom medal, and the first level of Liberation Medal. He is a member of the first, second and third national defense committees and the eighth and ninth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Xu Haidong was born on June 17, 1900 in xujiaqiao village, Huangpi, Hubei Province. Born in a poor family, he worked as a kiln worker for 11 years. He joined the Communist Party of China in April 1925. He was acting platoon leader of the 34th regiment of the Fourth Army of the national revolutionary army. In the summer of 1926, he joined the National Revolutionary Army and took part in the northern expedition. participated in jute uprising in 1927. In the struggle to establish the Hubei Henan Anhui Soviet Area, he successively served as the Secretary of the CPC District Committee, the leader of the red guards in Huangpi County, and the battalion commander, regimental commander, and division commander of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army.

Agrarian Revolution

In 1927, after the outbreak of the April 12 counter revolutionary coup, he left Wuhan with the help of the party organization and returned to his hometown of Huangpi to carry out revolutionary activities. In June 1927, he was appointed by the CPC Huangpi County Committee as the leader of the river area peasant self defense force, leading the peasant self defense force to fight against the landlord reactionary forces. In July 1927, after Wang Jingwei launched the "July 15" counter revolutionary coup, under the situation of strong enemy and weak enemy, the Party committee of He District decided to disperse the activities of the peasant self defense forces. He returned to Xujiayao and continued to carry out revolutionary activities under the cover of kiln workers. In August 1927, after the August 7th Meeting of the Communist Party of China, he secretly developed party members among kiln workers and successively established branches of the Communist Party of China in Xujiadian, shangwuwan and dengyuzui. In October 1927, inspired by the spirit of the August 7th Meeting of the Communist Party of China, he, together with Tian Daosheng, Ding Caiguang and Tian gengsan, organized and led an armed riot against the "anti smuggling camp" of Yutan temple in Xiadian. After winning the weapons, the peasant self defense forces were reorganized and transferred to the zhumaling mountain area at the junction of PI and Xiao for guerrilla warfare. In November 1927, on the order of Huangpi county Party committee, he led the peasant self defense forces to support the jute uprising. After the failure of the uprising, Huangpi rebuilt the working committee of the party and served as the leader of the guerrilla brigade under the leadership of the working committee. In the autumn of 1928, he was a member of the Standing Committee of the Huangpi county Party committee, Minister of military affairs and Secretary of the Xia District Party committee. At the beginning of 1929, he led the "Nian Guan riot" in Xia District. After the failure, he moved to the area of talgang in Huangpi, organized guerrillas and carried out armed revolutionary struggle. At the end of 1929, the Party committee of the Hubei Henan border region of the Communist Party of China organized the guerrillas into five training teams and served as the party representative and leader of the fifth training team. In May 1930, he was the southwest commander of the East Hubei uprising Committee. In October 1930, he served as division commander of the sixth supplementary division (actually the Red Guard) in Huangpi county. In February 1931, the fifth training team was incorporated into the guard regiment of the e-yu-wan Military Commission of the Communist Party of China and served as the head of the second guard regiment. In March 1931, the second guard regiment was reorganized into the 38th regiment of the 13th division of the Fourth Red Army, and later served as the head of the 36th regiment of the 12th Red Army division. In May 1932, he was the commander of the fourth independent division of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army. In July 1932, he was the commander of the 27th division of the ninth Red Army. In September 1932, he was a member of the Hubei Anhui Working Committee. In October 1932, after the Fourth Front Army of the red army withdrew from the Hubei Henan Anhui Soviet Area, he led the red 27th division to jinjiapu to join the Yingshan independent regiment, Lu'an, Huoqiu and Huoshan independent battalion led by Guo Shushen, Secretary of the West Anhui Road Committee, to form the East Road guerrilla Division, who served as the deputy commander and division commander. Later, he was reorganized into the 27th Red Army and served as the commander of the 79th division. In November 1932, the provincial Party committee of Hubei, Henan and Anhui decided to rebuild the 25th Red Army and serve as the commander of the 74th division. In February 1933, he served as deputy commander of the 25th Red Army and commander of the 74th division. In May 1933, he raised an objection to the wrong decision of the CPC Provincial Committee to besiege Qiliping, but it was not adopted. The besieging of Qiliping was defeated and the troops lost more than half of their lives. In June 1933, after the withdrawal of the encirclement at Qiliping, the red 25 th army moved to the west of Anhui and persisted in the struggle. In October 1933, the 25th red army moved from West Anhui to East Hubei. On the way, it was cut off by the enemy and led a part of the 74th division back to West Anhui. The Northwest Anhui Road Committee decided to form the 28th Red Army as its commander and to fight in the west of Anhui Province. After the 25th red army arrived in Eastern Hubei, the CPC Provincial Committee held an enlarged meeting to add members of the Hubei Henan Anhui Provincial Committee. In April 1934, he joined forces with the red 25th army led by Wu Huanxian in baoziyan, Shangcheng County, Henan Province, and became the commander of the red 25th army. After May 1934, he won many battles with the 25th Red Army led by Wu Huanxian, smashing the enemy's three-month "encirclement and suppression" plan for the Hubei Henan Anhui revolutionary base from July to October. In November 1934, according to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, in order to prepare for the Long March, Wu Huanxian and other comrades led the 25th Red Army to break through the enemy's four blockades and transfer from West Anhui to northeast Hubei. On November 11, 1934, the CPC Provincial Committee, following the instructions of the CPC Central Committee, decided that the 25th Red Army would start the long march in the name of the second advance team of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army going north to resist Japan. He was changed to deputy commander. At the beginning of 1935, under the leadership of the Hubei Henan Shaanxi provincial Party committee (reorganized from the Hubei Henan Anhui provincial Party committee to the Hubei Henan Shaanxi provincial Party committee), the red 25 th army launched the struggle to create the Hubei Henan Shaanxi base. With Comrade Wu Huanxian, Cheng Zihua and other comrades leading the army to carry out guerrilla war, smashed the enemy's counter revolutionary "encirclement and suppression", mobilized the masses extensively, established the revolutionary regime, and made the number of Red Army 25 increase to more than 3700. In July 1935, the 25th Red Army crossed the Zhongnan mountain and arrived near Xi'an. After learning the news that the Central Red Army was going north, the Hubei Henan Shaanxi provincial Party committee held an emergency meeting in Ziwu Town, Shaanxi Province, and decided that the 25th Red Army would leave Southern Shaanxi for the western expedition and cooperate with the Central Red Army to go north. Some of the remaining comrades in southern Shaanxi adhere to the Hubei Henan Shaanxi guerrilla base areas. Together with other leading comrades, he led the 25th Red Army westward to Gansu. In August 1935, the 25th red army arrived in Jingchuan, Gansu Province. Comrade Wu Huanxian, political commissar of the 25th Red Army, died bravely and acted as political commissar of the 25th Red Army and Secretary of the Hubei Henan Shaanxi provincial Party committee. In September 1935, an enlarged meeting of the provincial Party committee was held in baozichuan, Northern Shaanxi. Xu Haidong was appointed commander of the 25th Red Army and Cheng Zihua was appointed political commissar. On September 18, 1935, the 25th red army arrived at Yongping town in the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Area and joined forces with the 26th and 27th Red Army led by Comrade Liu Zhidan. It was reorganized into the 15th Red Army and served as the head of the army and member of the Shaanxi provincial Party committee. In October 1935, he led the 15th Red Army Corps and won the two battles of Laoshan and Yulinqiao, effectively cooperating with the Central Red Army's northward March. At the beginning of November 1935, the Party Central Committee led the Central Red Army of workers and peasants to Wuqi town in Northern Shaanxi. Mao Zedong, Peng Dehuai and other comrades met with Xu Haidong, Cheng Zihua and other comrades in the 15th corps of daozuopu Red Army in Ganquan County, Northern Shaanxi. On November 13, 1935, he was appointed as the first member of the Northwest Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Soviet army. In late November 1935, the 15th Red Army Corps fought side by side with the Central Red Army and won the great victory of Zhiluo town campaign, which laid a "foundation stone" for the Party Central Committee to put the national revolutionary base in the northwest. In February 1936, the first Red Army and the 15th Red Army formed the Anti Japanese vanguard of the Chinese people's Red Army and held the eastern expedition. He led the 15th Red Army Corps to cross the Yellow River and enter Shanxi, preparing to go to the front line of Hebei to fight against Japan. After the battle in duijiuyu, Xiaoyi County, Shanxi Province, Comrade Mao Zedong decided to divide the two regiments. The 15th red army moved northward, approaching Taiyuan and Taking Northwest Shanxi. In May 1936, the eastern expedition army returned to Hexi. The 15th red army returned to northern Shaanxi for a rest. In the middle of the month, he was ordered to march to the west, cooperate with the left Route Army, and welcome the second and Fourth Front Red Army to the north. On October 8, 1936, the first, second and fourth front armies of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army joined forces successfully in Jingning and Huining areas of Gansu Province. At the order of the Party Central Committee, he did a lot of fighting for Zhang Guotao. In November 1936, after the three main forces of the red army joined forces, he led the first division of the 15th Red Army to fight side by side with the 1st Red Army and won the battle of shancastle. On December 7, 1936, the Chinese Soviet central government appointed Xu Haidong as a member of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. In December 1936, after the Xi'an Incident broke out, the Party Central Committee ordered the 15th Red Army Corps to set out from Haiyuan County, Gansu Province, and go to Shangzhou to defend against the armed attack of the pro Japanese faction with Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng.

Counter-Japanese War

In February 1937, after the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident, the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was initially realized, and the 15th Red Army was ordered to go from Shangzhou and Luonan in Shaanxi Province to Gansu Qingyang yimaguan for training. In August 1937, the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army was reorganized into the new Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, the commander of the 344th brigade of the 15th division. In September 1937, after the Eighth Route Army went to the front line of North China, it led the 344 brigade to take part in the famous battle of Pingxingguan. October 1937

Chinese PinYin : Xu Hai Dong