Zhao Shiyan

Zhao Shiyan

Zhao Shiyan (April 13, 1901 - July 19, 1927), a native of Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, Chongqing, was born with the name of Qinsheng, Guofu and pseudonym of Shi Ying. He was an outstanding proletarian revolutionist in the early days of the Communist Party of China, an outstanding disseminator of Marxist theory, a famous leader of the workers' movement, and one of the founders of the Communist Party of China.

In 1915, Zhao Shiyan was admitted to the high school attached to Beijing Normal University. When he was a middle school student, he participated in the famous "May 4th Movement" and was the organizer of the student movement of the high school attached to normal university at that time. In 1920, he went to France to work and study. Together with Zhou Enlai, he founded the European branch of the Communist Party of China. After returning to China, Zhao Shiyan led three strikes in Shanghai, which shocked China and foreign countries, and became a famous leader of the workers' movement at that time. Unfortunately, he was arrested and killed in 1927.

In 2009, Zhao Shiyan was rated as "100 heroes and models who made outstanding contributions to the founding of new China" by 11 departments including the Central Propaganda Department and the central organization department.

Life of the characters

Childhood

Zhao Shiyan, whose name is Qinsheng, is called Guofu, and his pen name is Shi Ying. He was born in Longtan Town, Youyang County on April 13, 1901.

Chen Deyuan, a 4-year-old private school graduate from Hongwen normal school in Japan, and Li Yukun, a top student of Sichuan University (Chen Deyuan later served as Youyang County Magistrate and Li Yukun served as Qianjiang county magistrate),

He entered Longtan senior primary school at the age of 11. In 1914, Zhao Shiyan graduated from Longtan senior primary school with excellent results.

Revolutionary years

In 1915, Zhao Shiyan was admitted to the high school attached to Beijing Normal University. Under the influence of new youth sponsored by Chen Duxiu, he joined the new culture movement and met Li Dazhao and others. Zhao Shiyan participated in editing the civilian weekly, juvenile semimonthly, Gongdu semimonthly and other progressive journals to publicize the anti imperialist and anti feudal thoughts. Zhao Shiyan published "talking about youth" and other papers in the semi monthly magazine of youth, analyzed the ideological state of ordinary youth at that time, and exposed the ideological bondage and poison of feudal family and old education system on teenagers. He wrote an article in the half monthly issue of Gongdu sponsored by him, discussing China's future with his friends, commenting on the shortcomings of Chinese society at that time, and advocating that socialism should be implemented in China, because only socialism is a social system that is "the most fair, the most equal, without warlords, plutocrats, ethnic groups and national boundaries. It is certainly good in economy, especially in morality".

Introduced by Li Dazhao in 1919, he joined the Chinese Youth Association and actively participated in the May 4th patriotic movement. In the May 4th movement, he was elected as the Secretary General of the student union by the students of the high school attached to normal university. He organized and led the students of the high school attached to Normal University to go out of school and participate in the patriotic movement with the teachers and students of the high schools.

In May 1920, Zhao Shiyan went to France to work and study. In the spring of 1921, he, together with Zhang Shenfu and Zhou Enlai, initiated the establishment of the early organization of the Communist Party of China in France and became a member of the Communist Party of China.

In 1922, he and Zhou Enlai initiated the establishment of the Youth Communist Party of China in Europe. He served as the Secretary of the Executive Committee of the Central Committee, and then as the member of the general branch of the Communist Party of China in Europe and the Secretary of the French section of the Communist Party of China.

In 1923, Zhao Shiyan, Chen Yannian, Wang Ruofei and others led a group of young people to study in the Communist University of Oriental laborers in Moscow.

In 1924, at the request of Li Dazhao, Zhao Shiyan returned to work. He successively served as chairman of the Beijing local executive committee of the Communist Party of China, director of the Propaganda Department of the Executive Committee of the northern region of the Communist Party of China and director of the workers' Movement Committee, and assisted Li Dazhao in leading the struggle of the northern provinces.

In 1925, the May 30th massacre took place. Zhao Shiyan led and organized a March, a strike and a strike in support of the struggle of the people of Shanghai. Later, he organized and launched the general strike of the workers of the Japanese cotton mill in Tianjin, the people's Congress strike of the fifth miner in Kailuan, the general strike of the seafarers in Tianjin and the people's Congress strike of the miner in Zhaogezhuang. The support activities and the mass struggle in the northern region were united, and the imperialist and reactionary forces were dealt a heavy blow Valve.

In March 1926, Zhao Shiyan attended the third National Labor Congress held in Guangzhou, calling on the masses from all walks of life to carry forward the May 30th spirit and form a revolutionary united front to deal with the imperialist massacres and attacks.

In May 1926, Zhao Shiyan went to Guangzhou to attend the "Third National Labor Conference" on behalf of the trade unions in the north. Together with Deng Zhongxia, Liu Shaoqi and Li Lisan, he led the conference. Just after the closing of the conference, Chiang Kai Shek put forward the anti Communist "case of sorting out party affairs" at the second plenary session of the Kuomintang Central Committee. For a while, the city of Guangzhou was full of storms, and there were rumors in the streets and lanes that "if the Communist Party is not killed, property, farmland and houses can not be protected, and all deposits of merchants and industrial banks will be confiscated". In response to this situation, Zhao Shiyan wrote a Guangzhou communication entitled the significance of the recent plenary session of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang, which was published in the weekly guide on June 9. Zhao Shiyan's article issued a sharp warning against Chiang Kai Shek's reactionary plot: "if the counter revolution wants to kill the Communist Party, the revolutionaries must recognize the situation." After describing the anti Communist atmosphere in Guangzhou, the article angrily asked: "should there be Communist rumors, and our Central Committee should be dedicated to suppressing the Communist faction in order to wash itself away?" Zhao Shiyan has already seen that the rightist mistakes are beginning to harm the revolution. The article says with sadness: "the imperialists are really happy to see our situation. We have been caught in their treachery." At the end of the article, the author points out that Marxism should be determined by the implementation of the term "fighting the reactionaries" in the future. " This is a precious document, at that time, it was also an article with the significance of guiding the revolutionary movement.

On March 21, 1927, under the leadership and command of Chen Duxiu, Zhou Enlai, Luo Yinong and Zhao Shiyan, Shanghai workers held the third armed uprising. Zhao Shiyan and Zhou Enlai jointly directed and led the 150 gun workers' picket team, bravely charged against the Zhilu united army. After more than 30 hours of fierce fighting, they defeated the warlords and occupied Shanghai (except the concession controlled by foreign countries). It was a great feat of the Chinese workers' movement during the great revolution and made an important contribution to the victory of the Northern Expedition army in Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

In May 1927, Zhao Shiyan attended the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Wuhan and was elected a member of the Central Committee. Later, he served as member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Jiangsu Provincial Committee, acting secretary and chairman of the Shanghai Federation of trade unions. After returning to Shanghai, he continued to lead the revolutionary struggle. Political life, a journal edited by him, vigorously publicizes Marxism and criticizes current malpractices, thus improving the ideological and political level of Marxism in the party.

Arrested and killed

On the evening of July 2, 1927, according to the confession of the rebellious Secretary General of the provincial Party committee, police officers of the Kuomintang arrested Zhao Shiyan at his residence.

On July 19, just after breakfast in the cell, the enemy called out Shi Ying. Zhao Shiyan knew that the time for the final struggle had come. He straightened out a half old and new suit he was wearing, tied his tie and buttoned up. He was as calm as if he was going to a banquet. When he came to the prison gate, he looked back, glanced at his difficult friend and nodded goodbye. As soon as he got out of the cell, he called out: "long live Communism!" "Down with the new warlord Chiang Kai Shek!" "Unite the workers, peasants and soldiers!" It's a slogan. When the executioners saw that Zhao Shiyan was still so calm and energetic on the way to death, and heard Zhao Shiyan's heroic slogan, they could not help but shudder and scream "chop, chop with a knife". Zhao Shiyan, a generation of heroes and good son of the party, gave his precious life for the revolution, the people and the cause of communism.

Zhao Shiyan was beheaded at the Fenglin bridge of Shanghai Longhua police headquarters at the age of 26.

Achievements and contributions

In 1926, when the Northern Expedition army conquered Wuhan, Zhao Shiyan led the Shanghai workers' armed uprising, which became a feat of the Chinese workers' movement during the great revolution and made an important contribution to the victory of the Northern Expedition army in Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

Zhao Shiyan, editor in chief of the party's Internal Journal "political life", has written more than 70 articles to publicize Marxism and attack current malpractices, which has played an important role in improving the ideological and political level of Marxism in the party. "Youth" and "red light" played an important role in strengthening the Marxist education of the party and League members and publicizing the party's principles and policies, and had a great influence at home and abroad.

member of family

Anecdotes and allusions

Long braid

Zhao Shiyan loved reading when he was young. He liked to listen to stories like "Youyang teaching plan" told by adults. The seeds of anti imperialism and anti feudalism were sown since childhood. In the autumn of 1912, Zhao Shiyan enrolled in Longtan senior primary school. His geography teacher was Wang Boshan, a member of the alliance. He often publicized anti imperialist and anti feudal ideas.

One day in a geography class, Wang Boshan talked about Hong Kong being cut off, Kowloon and Macao being rented, Chinese territory being carved up by the great powers, and the great rivers and mountains being fragmented. At that time, many students were infected by the teacher's patriotism and cried bitterly. Zhao Shiyan was angry and silent. After class, he repeatedly sang Yue Fei's Manjianghong: "ambitious, hungry, hungry, hungry and thirsty for Xiongnu's blood..."

Later, under the influence of his elder brother Shijue, Zhao Shiyan cut off the long braids on his head and decided to break with the rulers of the Qing Dynasty. Under his influence, many little boys in Longtan school also cut their long braids, and many little girls threw away their foot binding. At that time, his mother panicked, but his father, Zhao dengzhi, praised his son's ambition with a smile.

The thief of the evening

In the exhibition hall of Zhao Shiyan's former residence, going to work and study in France is an extremely important chapter in Zhao Shiyan's life. In the early morning of May 9, 1920, Zhao Shiyan's French Armand benick sailed out of Shanghai Yangshupu wharf. Mao Zedong and other friends from all walks of life who sponsored the work study movement came to the wharf to see him off. There were more than 120 students on board, including Xiao San and Zhang Tianyi.

The ship arrived in Marseilles after a 50 day voyage. Zhao Shiyan came to Paris, mainly for

Chinese PinYin : Zhao Shi Yan