kong rong

kong rong

Kong Rong (153-208, September 26), the character Wen Ju. Lu (today's Shandong Qufu) people. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, officials, celebrities and writers were the 20th grandson of Confucius.

Kong Rong had few talents and was diligent and studious. He was as famous as Tao Qiuhong and Chen Liuren. During the period of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, he successively served as Zhonghou of the northern army, Zhonglang General of Huben, and Beihai state. In the sixth year of his life in Beihai, Kong Rong built a city, set up a school, promoted talents and expressed Confucianism. Later, he was also the governor of Qingzhou. In the first year of Jian'an (196), Yuan Tan attacked Beihai, and Kong Rong fought fiercely with him for several months, and finally fled to Shandong. Soon after, he was enlisted by the imperial court as a general, a great craftsman, moved to Shaofu, and served as a Taizhong doctor. In 208, he was killed because he was angry with the Prime Minister Cao Cao.

Kong rongneng is one of the "seven sons of Jian'an". Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei Dynasty, called his prose "Yang Xiong, Ban Gu, and his wife." His prose is sharp and concise, while his six character poems reflect the reality of the turmoil in the late Han Dynasty. The original anthology has been lost, and Zhang Pu of Ming Dynasty compiled Kong Beihai anthology.

(source of picture in overview)

Life of the characters

After Confucius

Kong Rong is the 20th grandson of Confucius. Kongba, his seventh ancestor, was the teacher of emperor yuan of Han Dynasty. His father, Kong Zhou, once served as the commander of Taishan. When he was young, he had outstanding talent and was praised by Li Ying, a famous scholar.

A fight for justice

When Kong Rong was 13 years old, Kong Zhou died. Kong Rong was too sad and needed help to stand up. Zhou Li praised him for his filial piety. He is studious and well read by nature. Zhang Jian, a famous scholar, was hated by Hou LAN, a minister of the central government. He ordered the prefectures to arrest Zhang Jian. Zhang Jian and Kong Rong's elder brother Kong Bao are good friends, so they fled to Kong Bao's home, but Kong Bao was not there. At that time, Kong Rong was only 16 years old. Zhang Jian thought that Kong Rong was young and did not tell him his situation. Seeing Zhang Jian's embarrassed appearance, Kong Rong said to him, "although my brother is not back, can't I be your host?" So Zhang Jian stayed at home.

Later, the matter leaked out, and people under the prime minister secretly suppressed it. Zhang Jian was able to escape, while Kong Bao and Kong Rong were arrested and jailed. But I don't know who they are. Kong Rong said, "it's me who takes Zhang Jian into hiding. I'm guilty." Kong Bao said: "it's not my brother's fault for Zhang Jian to come to me. It's my fault. I'm willing to." When the official asked their mother, she said, "I am responsible for the family affairs of the elderly." All the families were fighting to die, but the counties hesitated and could not make a decision, so they asked the imperial court for instructions. The imperial edict finally convicted Kong Bao, and Kong Rong was famous for this.

Kong Rong was as famous as Tao Qiuhong and Chen Liuren, who lived in the plain. He didn't come to the prefectures and counties for their orders.

upright and outspoken

Kong Rong was later recruited by situ yangci and became a member of situ. At that time, he secretly inspected the corrupt officials and was ready to be demoted. Most of the people Kong Rong reported were eunuchs' relatives. Afraid of offending the eunuch, the court secretary called Kong Rong and other officials to question and rebuke him. Kong Rong stated the eunuch's children's crimes without any secret.

In 184, Yin Hejin of Henan Province was about to be promoted to the rank of general. Yang CI sent Kong Rong to congratulate He Jin with his business card. Because the disciples didn't inform him in time, Kong Rong took back the business card and left. Yin Guanzhi, a member of Henan Province, thought that he had lost face and wanted to send swordsmen to pursue Kong Rong. A guest said to He Jin, "Kong Wenju is very famous. If the general gets angry with him, the people from all over the world will go with him. It's better to treat him with courtesy, so that people all over the world know that the general's mind is broad. " He Jin agreed, so he recruited Kong Rong as a member of the general army, promoted him as a high rank, and moved to serve as a censor. Kong Rong returned home from illness because of his discord with Zhao she, his superior.

The North Sea is the prime minister

Later, Kong Rong was enlisted as a member of Sikong, and was awarded the rank of military officer of Beizhong. After three days in office, he was transferred to Huben Zhonglang general. When Dong Zhuo, the Minister of power, was in charge of the government and wanted to abolish Liu Bian, the young emperor of the Han Dynasty, Kong Rong argued with Dong Zhuo, and his words were heated, and there were often corrective remarks. Dong Zhuo held a grudge and transferred Kong Rong to Yilang. Later, he hinted that the three prefectures (Taiwei, situ and Sikong) recommended Kong Rong to Beihai state, the most rampant state in the Huangjin army, as prime minister.

After Kong Rong arrived in Beihai, he called together the people, gathered troops to talk about martial arts, issued a proclamation, and personally wrote letters to communicate with the States and counties for common planning. Because of the defeat of the yellow scarf army, Zhang Rao was transferred to zhuxu county. More than 40000 men and women who were bewitched by yellow scarves were slowly gathered together. Then cities and schools were set up to show Confucianism and recommend virtuous Zheng Xuan, Peng Yao and Bing yuan. Even if there is only a little bit of benevolence, they are treated with courtesy. There are no descendants of the Chinese people, and the four travelers who have died all help to bury them. Because of his political voice, he was called "Kong Beihai" at that time.

Later, Kong Rong was surrounded by general Guan Hai of the yellow scarf army, and the situation was urgent. So he sent Tai Shici to ask Liu Bei, the Prime Minister of Pingyuan for help. Liu Bei was surprised and said, "Kong Beihai knows that there is another Liu Bei in the world." So they immediately sent troops to get out of the siege.

At that time, Yuan Shao and Cao Cao gradually became the most powerful forces in the Central Plains. Kong Rong knew that they were going to usurp the Han Dynasty, so he was not willing to join them. His aide Zuo Chengzu advised Kong Rong to accept Yuan Shao or Cao Cao, but Kong Rong was angry and killed him. Kong Rong was conceited of his talent and disposition, and was determined to calm down the country's crisis. However, because of his rough talent and lack of thought, he had no harvest.

Run away in defeat

After being recommended by Kong Qingbei for six years, Liu Qingbei took the post.

In the first year of Jian'an (196), Yuan Tan attacked Beihai. From spring to summer, there were only a few hundred soldiers left. The arrows came like rain, and the city was in close combat. Kong Rong is still a few books, talking and laughing. At night, he fled to Shandong (east of Taihang Mountain), and his wife and children were captured by Yuan Tan.

To participate in the government

In the first year of Jian'an (196), Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty moved his capital to Xuchang. After that, he recruited Kong Rong as a general to be a great craftsman and was promoted to Shaofu. Every time the court called for the right to visit, Kong Rong often cited a definite argument, but the officials were only nominal.

When he arrived in Huainan, he asked Yuan Shu many times. Yuan Shu despised and insulted him, took away his talisman, refused him to leave, and forced him to serve as a military adviser. Ma RIYUAN was very angry with himself, so he vomited blood and died. When Ma RIYUAN's body was sent back to the capital, the imperial court wanted to bury it, so Kong Rong said alone: "Ma RIYUAN, with the noble status of the Lord, held the emperor's Fashion Festival, was ordered to deal with local affairs, and pacified the Dongxia Dynasty. He flattered the treacherous officials, and was instructed by him to sign his name. Ma RIYUAN was the first. He attached himself to his subordinates, cheated the court and acted treacherously. In the past, the state assisted the enemy Jin army, but they were not convinced by it. YILIAO kept his face in front of the white sword. Can court ministers be threatened as an excuse? Moreover, Yuan Shu's rebellion did not happen overnight. Ma RIYUAN had been fighting with him for a long time. According to the law of the Han Dynasty, you should know the situation of a sinner if you have been with him for more than three days. The spring and Autumn Annals said: Lu shusun's minister died, in order not to publicize Xiangzhong's crime, not to write the day. Zheng crusaded against you gong and cut down the coffin of his son's family because he killed you. Your majesty has pity on the old minister. He can't bear to be convicted. He's very lenient. He shouldn't give any more gifts. " The court took his advice.

At that time, most of the public opinion wanted to restore corporal punishment. Kong Rong suggested: "in ancient times, people were honest and plain, good and evil were not different, officials were upright, criminal law was clear, and politics was not wrong. It is the responsibility of the people to be guilty. At the end of the world, the culture was in decline, the politics disturbed the customs, and the laws of the country harmed the people. Therefore, if the monarch has no way to be a monarch, the people will be lax and refuse to accept, and want to use the ancient criminal law to maim their limbs. This is not the way to eliminate evil and grow good. When Zhou cut off the legs of those who waded in the morning, people all over the world said that Zhou was cruel. Once upon a time, there were 1800 vassal states in Zhou Dynasty. The common people in the world wanted to raise 1800 monarchs. If each one's foot was cut off, there would be 1800 Zhou. It's absolutely impossible to think of pure and beautiful customs. And those who have been punished have the desire not to live and the determination to die. Most of them take risks and no longer return to the right path. Su Sha was in chaos with Qi, Yi Li was in disaster with Song Dynasty, and Zhao Gao and Ying Bu were the great calamities of the time. Not only can we not forbid people to do bad things, but we just cut off the way for people to do good. Even if they are loyal like a fist, persevere like Bian he, wise as Sun Bin, unjust as Xiang Bo, talented as Sima Qian, and proficient as Zi Zheng, they will be ridiculed when they die. Therefore, Taijia's yearning often says that there is no need to give more examples, such as the minister mu of Qin dominating Xirong, the bone of nansui, the drinking repentance in Chu Yan written by Duke Wu of Wei, the sending of troops by Chen Tang, the beheading of Zhi Zhi Zhi and Shan Yu on the water, the defending of Wei Shang and so on. This is mostly the way that the Great Han opened up to change evil. Therefore, a wise and virtuous monarch is not free to carry out reforms by taking political measures The imperial court thought his proposal was good, and eventually did not resume corporal punishment.

At that time, mu Liubiao in Jingzhou did not pay tribute to the imperial court. He did a lot of things that went beyond the law and didn't live in peace. He also worshiped heaven and earth in the suburbs. The etiquette was intended to refer to the monarch. The imperial court issued an imperial edict to announce his behavior to the whole world. Kong rongshangshu thought that it was necessary to conceal the suburban worship to protect the face of the imperial court.

In the fifth year of Jian'an (200), Nanyang King Liu Feng and Donghai King Liu Zhi passed away one after another. Emperor Xian lamented their early death and wanted to set a four hour sacrifice for them. For this reason, he first asked Kong Rong for his opinions. Kong Rong replied, "Your Majesty is kind and kind. He has increased his yearning for the changes, mourned the spirits of the two kings, issued a compassionate imperial edict, examined and reviewed the previous laws and regulations, and revised the ritual system. The former kings of Liang Huai, Linjiang min, Qi AI and linhuai Huai all died without descendants. Their brothers are the four emperors of Jing, Wu, Zhao and Ming,

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