Wenpin

Wenpin

Wenpin, whose birth and death are unknown, was born in Nanyang Wan (now Nanyang, Henan Province) and was a famous general of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. Originally, he was the general of Liu Biao in Jingzhou. After Liu Biao died, his son Liu Cong surrendered to Cao Cao. Wenpin didn't see Cao Cao at the beginning, until Cao Cao called him to meet him. When he asked why it was so late, wenpin said that he couldn't preserve his territory and was ashamed to see others. Cao Cao was moved by this loyal minister's feeling, but he was praised first.

After that, wenpin guarded Jiangxia, dianbeibing and zhenjingjiang. Many times, he led troops to stop Guan Yu's division, and was granted the Marquis of Yanshou Pavilion and the general of chaoni. Later, he captured Guan Yu's baggage and burned Guan Yu's warships, and became one of Cao Cao's great generals. After more from the expedition, tired after the general, Xinye Hou.

At the beginning of Cao Rui's accession to the throne, wenpin defeated Sun Quan's attack in Jiangxia. According to historical records, he "lived in Jiangxia for several decades, and was famous for his reputation as an enemy.". After his death, his posthumous title was Zhuang.

Life of the characters

Tears of loyalty

Wenpin is a native of Nanyang. Originally, he was the general of Liu Biao in Jingzhou, guarding Jingbei. Liu Biao used him to resist the attack of the northern princes.

In 208, after Liu Biao died, his son Liu Cong succeeded to the throne. At that time, Cao Cao set out to March south to Jingzhou. Liu Cong negotiated with other officials and decided to surrender to Cao Cao by taking the land of Jingzhou. He also called Wen pin to surrender together. Wen pin said, "Wen pin can't preserve the land of this state. Such dereliction of duty should only be punished." After Cao Cao took over Jinghan, wenpin came to see Cao Cao. Cao Cao asked, "why is it so late?" Wenpin replied: "before, I couldn't help Liu Jingzhou (Liu Biao) to serve the country together. Now, although Jingzhou has been lost, I often hope to defend Hanchuan and preserve the territory. Only in this way can I live up to the loneliness and weakness (Liu Cong, etc.) and die worthy of the underground. However, what I set up now can't be realized, and it's still at this stage. He is really sad and ashamed. He has no face. He just came to see Minggong early. " After that, I sobbed. Cao Cao was pathetic and said, "Zhongye, you are really a loyal minister." So he treated wenpin with generous gifts. He and Cao Chun went to Changbanpo to recover Liu Bei.

He has made many achievements in war

In December of the 13th year of Jian'an (208), Cao Cao was defeated in the battle of Chibi, but he still controlled some cities in Jingzhou. Because Jiang Xia was on the border with Dongwu, the people were uneasy. Cao Cao was appointed as the prefect of Jiang Xia to control the northern army, entrusted with the important task of border defense, and conferred the title of Marquis of Guannei.

After Liu Bei left Nanjun and led the army to Sichuan, lejin of Xiangyang and wenpin of Jiangxia took advantage of Liu Bei's entry and began to attack Nanjun.

In the first month of the 18th year of Jian'an (213), lejin and Guan Yu fought in qingni (located in the east of Zhongxiang, Hubei Province). After a stalemate, lejin defeated Guan Yu. Guan Yu retreated southwest to xunkou (xunkou, southwest of Zhongxiang, Hubei Province). Wenpin also led the army to arrive. In the south of Hubei Province, they fought with Zhongxiang and xunlekou. Because of his outstanding performance in the war, wenpin was promoted to the rank of Marquis of longevity extension Pavilion and general of rebellion. Yuejin took advantage of the victory to attack Linju and Jingyang. (in this year, the biography of Xianzhu is used as evidence. The other time, all belong to isolated evidence

Later, wenpin captured Guan Yu's supplies in Hanjin and burned Guan Yu's warships in Jingcheng. (no later than the battle of finding a way out, no later than Guan Yu's defeat in Maicheng)

In the first year of Huangchu (220), Cao Pi was the emperor, and wenpin was appointed as the Marquis of Chang'an.

In the third year of the early Huang Dynasty (222), Cao Pi made a large-scale Southern expedition to Sun Wu. When the Xia Marquis was still surrounded by Jiangling, he made wenpin lead an army to garrison in miankou and stop Shifan. He became a team and made great contributions to resist thieves. He moved to the general and became a new marquis.

Famous in the enemy's country

In the autumn and August of 226, Sun Quan attacked Shiyang with 50000 people and surrounded wenpin. However, wenpin was still in the city, and Sun Quan could not attack again and again. After more than 20 days, he had to withdraw his troops. Wenpin heard the letter, Kaicheng led the pursuit, defeated the Wu army and returned. And there were five hundred households in the city, and nine hundred households before it.

About this war, "Wei Lue" has another record: Sun Quan personally led tens of thousands of troops to Jiangxia. At that time, it was raining heavily. Most of the city fences in Jiangxia had collapsed, and the people were scattered among the fields, so they could not go back to the city to repair the defense project. Wen pin learned that Sun Quan had arrived. At first, he didn't know what to do. Later, he thought that the present situation could only make Sun Quan hesitant because of his doubts. So wenpin ordered all the people in the city to hide, not to be seen by Sun Quan, but to lie in the mansion. When Sun Quan saw this, he doubted and said to his ministry, "the North (Cao group) thinks that this man (wenpin) is a loyal minister, so he entrusted this county to him. Now our army is big, but he is silent. In this case, if he does not have a secret plan, it must be foreign help." So he did not dare to attack and retreated.

Although this record is different from the records of the Three Kingdoms, the general of wenpin can be seen. Wenpin faced the great army of Sun Wu with the same situation of few enemies, but different from Zhang Liao, Zhang Liao used the strategy of controlling danger and attacking surprise, to break the enemy's edge and calm the morale of the army, while wenpin used the strategy of suspecting the enemy and hiding the dark to confuse the enemy.

In such a dangerous situation, it is safer to use wenpin's strategy of suspecting soldiers; however, Zhang Liao's "strategy of cutting the sharp edge" has to take extraordinary risks, so the latter's achievements are higher than the former's, and his reputation is much better. But from the perspective of military significance, we can see that wenpin's conduct is very rigorous and prudent.

In the summer of Sun Quan's attack on the Yangtze River, the imperial court knew that wenpin was resisting. When the officials discussed that they wanted to send troops to Jiangxia to help each other, Cao Rui, the emperor of the Wei and Ming Dynasties, said: "the reason why Sun Quan dared to attack Xi Shui Zhan was that he wanted to take advantage of our unprepared situation. Now that his army is locked in a stalemate with Wen pin, Sun Quan will not dare to stay for a long time. " This remark not only shows Cao Rui's insight, but also shows how Cao Rui trusted wenpin.

Death

Wenpin had been stationed in Jiangxia for several decades, and his reputation shocked the enemy country, which made Sun Wu dare not invade. Wendai, wenpin's son, was granted the title of marquis, and wenpin was granted the title of Marquis of Guannei. After Wen pin died, his posthumous title was Zhuang Hou. Dai died first, and he gave wenpin his adopted son Wenxiu Jue. After Wenxiu died, he gave his son Wenwu Jue.

In the fourth year of Zhengshi (243), wenpin was worshipped in Cao Cao temple.

Historical records

The 18th biography of Li Zang Wen, LV Xu Dian, Pang Yan

Character evaluation

Cao Cao: Zhongye is a loyal minister.

Sun Quan: he was a loyal minister in the north, so he was appointed to this county.

Chen Shou: Li Tong, Zang Ba, Wen pin, Lu Qian, and Wei Hui.

Sun Sheng: Zang Ba is rarely known as filial piety and martyrdom. Wen pin's sincerity of weeping is based on Wei Wu's one side and entrusted to the two sides. How can he see that Zhuang Wu is in a hurry!

Li Zhi: (Li Ji) in the face of danger, he is loyal to wenpin; Jiance is kind to Chengen, and his surname is Fengchun.

Lu Bi: wenpin has been in Jiangxia for decades; Du Ji has been in Hedong for ten years, Bingzhou and Jizhou for more than twenty years; Lu Qian has been in Taishan for more than ten years. At that time, they trusted the sheriff and the governor.

Family members

son

Wendai, the son of wenpin. And the cities of wenpin, and the princes.

Wenxiu is wenpin's adopted son.

Wen Hou, nephew of wenpin hall.

Sun

Wenwu, the son of Wenxiu.

Artistic image

Literary image

In the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, wenpin's life is roughly the same as the official history. He was originally a general of Liu Biao in Jingzhou, guarding Jingbei. After Liu Biao died, his son Liu Cong succeeded to the throne and proposed to surrender Cao Cao. At that time, Liu Bei could not stay in Xinye, so he wanted to take the people to Xiangyang, which was rejected by Cai Mao and others; Wei Yanyu, a Yiyang man, recruited Liu Bei into the city, and wenpin led the army to repel him. After Liu Cong came down to Cao Cao, Wen pin did not see Cao Cao at the beginning, until Cao Cao called him to meet him. When he asked why it was so late, Wen pin said that he could not preserve the territory and was ashamed to see others. Cao Cao was moved by this loyal minister's conjecture, first choked but praised him, and then entrusted him with the weight of his troops, so that he led the army to pursue Liu Bei; however, after catching up with Liu Bei, he was reprimanded by Liu Bei. On the eve of the battle of Chibi, wenpin, in order to prevent huanggai from breaking through, led a boat to intercept him, but he was injured by the enemy's bow and arrow. Later, wenpin was recruited from the army and made great contributions to the country. After Cao Pi ascended the throne, he raised his army to build a boat to attack the eastern Wu Dynasty, and took wenpin and other generals as the first, but Xu Sheng, the Wu general, defeated him. Wenpin didn't avoid danger. He went on a dragon boat and took CaoPi personally to get out of danger.

Film and television image

In 1994, in CCTV's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Manglai and bilige played wenpin respectively.

Chinese PinYin : Wen Pin