Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty

Yang Jian

Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty (from July 21, 541 to August 13, 604), was born in Huayin, Hongnong county (now Huayin City, Shaanxi Province). Yang Zhen, the 14th grandson of Han Taiwei, was the founding emperor of Sui Dynasty. He was in power from 581 to 604. The name of Xianbei is naloyan. The surname of Xianbei is Pu Liuru. After Yang Jian came to power, he restored the Yang family.

His father Yang Zhong was a military aristocrat of the Western Wei Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty. He was granted the title of Sui Guo Gong by Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and Yang Jian inherited his father's title. Emperor Xuan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty succeeded to the throne, taking Yang Jian as the state of Shangzhu and the great Sima. In the first year of Dading in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (581), Yang Jian was abdicated as emperor by Emperor Jing of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty carried out a series of reforms in economy and politics. Revise the criminal law and system to make it suitable for China after the unification of the north and the south. In the central government, the system of three provinces and six ministries was implemented, and the local system of state, county and county was changed into the system of state and county, thus consolidating the centralization of power. Tax cuts have been made many times to reduce the burden on the people, promote the country's agricultural production and stabilize economic development. In the ninth year of kaihuang (589), Yang Guangnan, the king of Jin, was sent down to Pingchen to unify the north and the south. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty adopted military defense and political appeasement policies to the surrounding ethnic groups, which effectively dealt with ethnic contradictions. He was honored as "Saint Khan" by the northern ethnic minorities. During the kaihuang period, the Sui Dynasty had a vast territory with a population of more than 7 million households.

During the 24 years of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, he made great achievements in reform and administration. However, in the late period of his reign, he gradually became suspicious, killed meritorious officials, and listened to the words of the empress of literature, deposed the crown prince Yang yonglijin, and Wang Yang Guang became the crown prince, which buried the root of national subjugation. Renshou four years (604), died in Renshou palace. At the age of 64, he was named emperor Gaozu and Emperor Wen. He was buried in tailing.

Life of the characters

Born into a wealthy family

According to historical records, Yang Jian came from the Hongnong Yang family in gaomen of Guanzhong. He claimed to be the 14th grandson of Yang Zhen, the Taiwei of the Eastern Han Dynasty. His fourth ancestor Yang Yuanshou was appointed as the Sima of Wuchuan town in the Northern Wei Dynasty. His father Yang Zhong followed Emperor Wen Tai of the Northern Zhou Dynasty to revolt in Guanxi. Because of his merit, he was granted the surname of Pu Liuru. He was an official of Zhuguo and dashikong, and was granted the title of Duke of the state. Posthumous title: Huan. However, according to Chen Yinke's research, the Yang Jian family may be a Han family in Shandong Province, and its identity of Hongnong Yang family should be based on false pretext; and the so-called Yang Yuanshou's stay in Wuchuan is also a fictional thing made up by Yu Wentai in order to win over the feelings of his subordinates.

On the night of Guichou in June, 541, the seventh year of Datong in the Western Wei Dynasty, Yang Jian was born to his wife, Lu Shi (named kutao), in the Prajna Temple of Feng Yi. It is said that at that time "Purple Qi filled the court". According to the book of the Sui Dynasty, at that time, a bhiksuni Zhixian told LV that Yang Jian could not be raised like ordinary people, so she took Yang Jian to another library and raised him in person. As a child, Yang Jian was very deep and reserved. When he first entered Taixue, even very close people did not dare to tease him. In 555, when Yang Jian was 14 years old, Jing Zhaoyin and Xue Shan recruited him as a meritorious Cao. The next year, because of the merit of his father Yang Zhong, he was awarded the title of sanqichangshi, cheqidajun and Yitong, and became the Duke of Ji county. In 557, the fourth year of emperor Gong of the Western Wei Dynasty, he was granted the title of the general of Hushi, and he added Kaifu. In the first year of Wucheng (559), Emperor Ming of the Northern Zhou Dynasty ascended the throne and granted Yang Jian the title of youxiaogongbo, who was granted the title of Daxing County Duke.

In the second year of Wucheng (560), Yu Wenyong, Emperor Wu of Zhou Dynasty, ascended the throne. Yang Jian was appointed as Xiao Gongbo and served as the governor of Suizhou (now Suizhou City, Hubei Province) and a general. Later, he was transferred to the capital. In his mother's side serve disease for three years, day and night around, call him pure filial piety. At that time, Yu Wenhu was in charge of the imperial government. He was very afraid of Yang Jian and wanted to kill him many times. Fortunately, Hou Fu, Hou Shou and other generals were able to protect him.

In the third year of Tianhe (568), after his father Yang Zhong died, Yang Jian inherited the title of Sui Guogong. Emperor Wu of Zhou hired Yang Lihua, Yang Jian's eldest daughter, as the crown princess, and paid more attention to Yang Jian. Yu Wenxian, king of Qi, once said to Emperor Wu: "Pu Liuru Jian is very beautiful. Every time I see him, I don't feel lost. I'm afraid he won't stay in the world for a long time. I want to get rid of him early." Emperor Wu said: "Yang Jian can only be a general. "The internal history King rail suddenly said to Emperor Wu," the crown prince Fu will not be the leader of the country in the future, and Pu Liuru has a strong appearance. "Emperor Wu was very displeased and said," the emperor has his own destiny. What can others do! "Yang Jian was very afraid when he knew about it. He acted cautiously and kept a low profile.

In the fourth year of Jiande (575), Yang Jian led 30000 water troops and defeated the army of the Northern Qi Dynasty in Heqiao. In the fifth year of Jiande (576), Yang Jian followed Emperor Wu of Zhou to fight for Qi, and became Zhu state. Together with Yu Wenxian, the king of Qi, he was appointed king Gaoyan of Qi City in Jizhou. He was appointed manager of Dingzhou (now Dingzhou City, Hebei Province), and soon transferred to manager of Bozhou (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province).

Assistant government of the Northern Zhou Dynasty

In June of the first year of xuanzheng (578), after the death of Yu Wenyong, Emperor Wu of Zhou Dynasty, Prince Yu Wenfu ascended the throne. Yang Lihua, Yang Jian's eldest daughter, was named the queen. Because Yang Jian was the father of the queen, he was promoted to the rank of general and chief Sima of Zhu state. In the early years of the elephant, Yang Jianguan was appointed as empress Cheng and right secretary Wu, and soon turned to be the chief suspect. Every time Emperor Xuan of Zhou went out on a tour, he let Yang Jian stay in the court. At that time, Emperor Xuan of the Zhou Dynasty formulated the system of the holy scriptures of punishment, which was extremely strict. Yang Jian strongly admonished Emperor Xuan of Zhou Dynasty because his laws were harsh and not a good way to civilize and restrain his subjects. The status and prestige of Yang Jian became bigger and bigger day by day, and Emperor Xuan of Zhou Dynasty was very scared. Emperor Xuan of Zhou Dynasty had four concubines who were lucky enough to be empresses together with Yang Lihua. When Emperor Xuan of Zhou was angry, he said to Queen Yang Lihua, "you must destroy your family!" So he called Yang Jian into the palace and said to the left and right guards, "if Yang Jian's face changes a little, kill him." Unexpectedly, when Yang Jian arrived in the palace, he looked and looked as if he were alive, so Emperor Xuan of Zhou failed to kill him.

Finally, Yang Jian came up with the strategy of "two perfections" and revealed his intention of going out of the vassal state for a long time through Zheng's translation. This is exactly in line with Yu Wen Yun's mind, immediately appointed him as Bozhou manager. In this way, Yu Wenfu was relieved, and Yang Jian was also relieved. When Yang Jian was the general manager of Bozhou, Pang Huang advised him to set up an army and establish the Empire. Yang Jian held Pang Huang's hand and said, "the time is not ripe." So far, Yang Jian's wish to take Zhou zidai is beyond expression.

Yu Wenfu, Emperor Xuan of Zhou Dynasty, grew up in the palace when he was a child. He did not care about the government affairs and indulged in wine and sex. The literati and military generals of Manchu Dynasty dare to be angry but dare not speak. Yu Wenfu not only didn't listen to the advice of his loyal ministers, but also felt that the emperor was too dissatisfied. On February 19, the first year of Dacheng (579), Yu Wenfu issued an imperial edict to his eldest son, Yu Wenshan, and changed his name to elephant. He called himself Emperor Tianyuan and lived in the back palace. He ate and played with his concubines and maids all day long.

In May of the second year of the elephant (580), Yang Jian was the general manager of Yangzhou to prepare for the cutting of Chen. When I was about to leave, I had a foot disease and didn't leave immediately. In May of the same year, Emperor Xuan of Zhou Dynasty was critically ill. Liu Fang, the imperial official, and Zheng Yi, the official in the internal history, forged the imperial edict and asked Yang Jian, the Duke of suiguo, to accept his will and assist the government.

Seizing power to build Sui Dynasty

< sub > master data; < / sub > < sub > the chaos of yuchijun < / sub > < sub >, < / sub > < sub > the battle of Yang Jianping and Sima Xiaonan

When Yang Jian became prime minister, he began to usurp the power of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. There were many powerful vassals in the royal family of Zhou Dynasty. Yang Jian was afraid that they would change all the time. He called them to Chang'an, the capital, in the name of yuwenzhao, king of Zhao (brother of Emperor Wu of Zhou), who was going to marry his daughter to Turks, to prevent them from resisting. On the 24th, Yu Wenfu died in Tiande hall. He was 22 years old and was named Emperor Xuan. After that, Emperor Jing of Zhou paid homage to Yang Jian as Huang Yue and Prime Minister Zuo Da, and all the officials obeyed him. With Zhengyang palace as the prime minister's office, Zheng Yi as the long history and Liu Fang as Sima, the bureaucrats of the prime minister's office were set up. In the reign of Emperor Xuan of Zhou Dynasty, the punishment and administration were harsh, people's hearts collapsed and did not belong to them, and the government and the opposition had no firm ambition. After Yang Jian became the prime minister, he was lenient in administration, concise and strict in laws, and thrifty.

In June of the second year of Xiangxiang (580), yuwenzhao, King Chen, yuwenchun, King Yue, yuwenda, King Dai, and yuwenfu, King Teng, all the powerful clansmen of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, arrived in Chang'an. Wei chijun, the general manager of Xiangzhou, thought he was an important Minister of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Seeing that Yang Jian was good at politics, he felt aggrieved, so he raised his troops to Dongxia. Sima Xiaonan, general manager of Yunzhou, and Wang Qian, general manager of Yizhou, responded one after another. There were many followers of Zhao and Wei. Within ten days, 100000 troops were gathered. Yuwenzhou took Yingzhou as its base, Shimin took Jianzhou as its base, xipi took Peijun as its base, and bidichala took Yanzhou as its base. Yang Jian ordered Wei Xiaokuan, the Duke of Shangzhu state and Yun state, to send troops to defeat Wei chijun and eliminate the political enemies who threatened him. Sima Xiaonan fled to the south of Chen Dynasty, and Wang Qian was also killed. Yang Jian's victory stabilized the internal ruling order. Yuwenxian, King mubi of Yongzhou, and five other kings, such as Zhao and Chen, saw that Yang Jian had pacified the rebellion of weichijun, greatly increased his prestige and plotted to cause chaos. Yang Jian captured Yu Wenxian, decapitated him, announced the crimes of King Zhao and others, and ordered the five kings to go to the palace with their swords, so as to stabilize the hearts of the five kings. Then he killed King Yu Wenzhao of Zhao, King Yu Wensheng of Yue, King Yu Wenchun of Chen, King Yu Wenda of Dai, King Yu Wenfu of Teng, etc. successively on the charge of treason, and eliminated the opposition forces among Xianbei people. At the same time, some Xianbei nobles such as Yuanhe, Yuanzhou and yuwenxin were attracted. In this way, Yang Jian Group's plan of changing Dynasties will no longer be hindered.

In February of 581, the first year of Dading in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yang Jian was granted the title of king of Sui by the Duke Jin of Sui. In the same month, Emperor Jing of the Northern Zhou Dynasty issued an imperial edict to abdicate with the hope of Yang Jian. Yang Jiansan gave way to the emperor and was ordered by heaven. He often served in the palace from the prime minister's residence. The emperor was in the Linguang hall and named the country Sui. He changed the name of the emperor to the Yuan Dynasty and announced a general amnesty. He made the queen Dugu the queen and the crown prince

Chinese PinYin : Sui Wen Di