Xiang Ying

Xiang Ying

Xiang Ying (1898.5-1941.3.24), formerly known as Xiang Delong, also known as Delong and Feilong, was named Jiang Jun, and his pseudonyms were Zhang Cheng, Han Ying and Jiang Jun, and his pen name was Xia Ying. Jiangxia, Hubei Province (now Jiangxia District, Wuhan City), is an outstanding proletarian revolutionist, a famous activist of the workers' movement, one of the early leaders of the party and the Red Army, one of the founders and main leaders of the New Fourth Army, and a famous Anti Japanese general.

Life of the characters

Xiang Ying (1898.5-1941.3.24), formerly known as Xiang Delong. The pseudonyms are Jiang Jun, Jiang Jun and Zhang Cheng. Hubei Wuchang county (now Jiangxia District of Wuhan City) people. He joined the Communist Party of China in April 1922. He was elected member of the CPC Central Committee and member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee at the third and Sixth National Congress of the CPC. From 1926 to 1930, he served as secretary of the party League of Hubei Federation of trade unions, executive member of all China Federation of trade unions and Secretary of the party League of Shanghai Federation of trade unions. After 1931, he served as Acting Secretary of the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area and vice president of the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet Republic of China. After the main force of the Red Army's Long March, he served as secretary of Jiangxi branch of the CPC Central Committee, commander and political commissar of the military region of the Central Soviet Area, and persisted in guerrilla warfare along the border of Jiangxi and Guangdong. During the Anti Japanese War, he served as secretary of the Southeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, deputy commander and political commissar of the New Fourth Army. In January 1941, in the South Anhui Incident launched by Kuomintang reactionaries, he was killed by traitors in the bee cave in Maolin, Jingxian County, Anhui Province. He was only 43 years old.

Xiang's comments on the guerrilla war in 1937, the main lessons of the guerrilla war in 1937, and so on.

Early experience

After finishing junior high school at Rixin preparatory school in Han San Gong of Wuchang, Xiang Ying entered Wuchang model factory as a worker at the age of 15. He works during the day and studies at night. His indomitable character of seeking knowledge and self-improvement was shaped by the honing of his work and the tempering of the society; the outbreak of the October Revolution and the May 4th Movement in Russia strengthened his persistent belief of pursuing truth. During the meeting with Bao huiseng, Xiang Ying said: "since I read labor weekly, I know that Chinese workers also need to organize. I am willing to work hard in this respect." In 1920, he organized a strike of textile workers in Wuhan; in December 1921, he began to build a railway workers' club on the Bank of Wuhan river.

Worker leaders

Comrade Xiang Ying is the earliest industrial worker Party member in Hubei Province. In October 1922, Xiang Ying led the strike of Yangzijiang machinery factory in Hankou, and proposed to the factory to increase wages, improve treatment and other conditions. The factory refused to accept the workers' demands and closed the factory door in an attempt to "put the workers in a difficult situation". Xiang Ying encouraged the workers to "raise their spirits, strive hard, fight for their personality, rather die than surrender, and fight for the voice of the workers in the Yangtze River and for the voice of the workers all over the world.". After careful organization, propaganda and ideological work, the workers were united and determined, and finally won the strike. Xiang Ying soon became one of the recognized leaders of the working class in Wuhan, which was highly popular.

Xiang Ying has long been engaged in the work of the workers' movement and the party in Wuhan, Shanghai and other places. He once served as the general director of the general trade union of pinghan Railway (now Beijing Hankou), the organization director of Hubei Federation of trade unions and Youth League, and the Secretary of the workers' Movement Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. He took part in the "February 7th" strike of pinghan railway in 1923 and the February strike of Japanese cotton mill workers in Huxi in 1925, which promoted the development of the national labor movement.

From the autumn of 1926, he organized a picket team of workers in Wuhan, served as the commander in chief, cooperated with the northern expedition, maintained social order, and participated in the struggle to recover the Hankou British concession and fight against Xia Douyin's rebellion. At the third to fifth national congresses of the Communist Party of China, they were elected members of the Central Committee.

Leading the Soviet Area

After the failure of the great revolution, he went to Shanghai to engage in the secret work of the party. In February 1928, he served as secretary of the CPC Jiangsu Provincial Committee and vice chairman of the all China Federation of trade unions. In July of the same year, he was elected member of the Political Bureau and Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee at the first plenary session of the sixth CPC Central Committee. Later, he participated in the Sixth Congress of the Communist International held in Moscow and was elected a member of the Communist International supervisory committee. In 1929, he was chairman of the all China Federation of trade unions and Secretary of the Communist Party of China.

In August 1930, he served as secretary of the Yangtze River Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. Since January 1931, he has been a member and Acting Secretary of the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area of the Communist Party of China and chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. Together with vice chairman Zhu De and Mao Zedong, he decided to establish the General Political Department of the Red Army, clarify its responsibilities and the relationship between political commissars and political organs. He seriously criticized the expansion of "eliminating counter revolutionaries" of the Red Army and the Soviet Area in Jiangxi Province, and put forward the correct idea of solving contradictions within the party mainly by education, but he was wrongly criticized. In April, he was dismissed as Acting Secretary of the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area and changed to vice chairman of the Military Commission. From May to December 1933, he served as acting chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Soviet Republic of China. An order was issued to determine the day of Nanchang Uprising on August 1, 1927 as the anniversary of the founding of the workers' and peasants' Red Army. Actively leading the expansion of the Red Army and forming new divisions and regiments. Presided over the formulation of the "oath of the Red Army of Chinese workers and peasants" and established the reward system in the Red Army. Mobilize and organize the masses to develop production, raise supplies and ensure the supply at the front line.

In January 1934, at the Fifth Plenary Session of the sixth CPC Central Committee, he was elected member of the Political Bureau and Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee. He presided over the preparation of the first National Congress of the Chinese Soviet and the establishment of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic. He was elected vice president of the Chinese Soviet Republic and member of the working people's Committee of the people's Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic.

Southern guerrillas

In October 1934, the main force of the Central Red Army was the long march. According to the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he served as secretary of the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area, commander and political commissar of the Central Military Region, chairman of the branch of the Central Military Commission. Together with Chen Yi, director of the central government office of the Soviet Republic of China, he led more than 16000 red 24 divisions and local armed forces who stayed in the Soviet area to protect the main force of the Red Army for strategic transfer. At the end of November, in view of the deterioration of the situation, we gradually made plans to fight independently.

After February 1935, according to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China after the Zunyi Meeting, the Red Army and the guerrillas were organized to break through the encirclement separately and turn into scattered guerrilla warfare. Under the extremely difficult conditions of losing contact with the Central Committee and the continuous "suppression" of the Kuomintang army, we should closely rely on the masses, restore the party's grass-roots organizations, timely adjust strategies, change ways of struggle, and lead the army and the people in the Jiangxi Guangdong border guerrilla area to fight to the death. He once composed the guerrilla tactics into a formula, educated the Red Army guerrillas to improve their fighting skills, skillfully dealt with the enemy, and flexibly attacked the enemy. With the joint efforts of the commanders and fighters in the guerrilla areas, we have maintained the revolutionary fulcrum and preserved the revolutionary backbone in the southern guerrilla areas.

On December 13, 1937, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee made a resolution on the work of the southern guerrilla areas, which highly praised Xiang Ying's struggle with the army and the people in the southern guerrilla areas.

Anti Japanese battlefield

In 1937, after the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, he and Chen Yi, in accordance with the spirit of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the cooperation and unity between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China, successively held negotiations with the local authorities of the Kuomintang in Ganzhou and Nanchang to stop the conflict and cooperate in the Anti Japanese war. Since December of the same year, he has served as deputy commander of the New Fourth Army, Secretary of the southeast branch of the CPC Central Committee (later changed to Southeast branch), and Secretary of the branch of the New Fourth Army of the Central Military Commission. According to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee, he went to Wuhan on behalf of the Communist Party of China to negotiate with the Kuomintang authorities and reach an agreement on the specific formation of the New Fourth Army.

In the spring of 1938, the CPC Central Committee's instructions and the Anti Japanese national united front policy were conveyed to the guerrilla areas, and the Red Army and guerrillas scattered in 14 areas of eight provinces in the South were organized into the New Fourth Army in a short time. After that, advance troops were sent to the enemy for strategic reconnaissance, and troops were successively organized to advance to the enemy's rear areas in southern Jiangsu, Southern Anhui and central Anhui to carry out guerrilla warfare. We should pay close attention to the restoration, establishment and development of the local organizations of the Communist Party of China in the southeast provinces, and create Anti Japanese Democratic bases in the north and south of the Yangtze River. We should attach importance to the construction of the armed forces, stress the need to do a good job in political and ideological work, carry forward the fine tradition of hard struggle, vigorously train cadres, and strive to improve the military and political quality.

In April 1940, he directed the spring anti "mopping up" in southern Anhui, and in October he took part in the autumn anti "mopping up", annihilating more than 3000 Japanese puppet troops. However, he did not fully understand the principle of independence and autonomy in the Anti Japanese national united front, did not take effective measures to develop behind the enemy lines, did not fully prepare for the anti communist conspiracy of the Kuomintang diehards, failed to seize the favorable opportunity for the transfer of the headquarters of the New Fourth Army and the troops in southern Anhui, hesitated and wavered on the way of transfer in January 1941, and dealt with improperly. He was responsible for the serious losses suffered by the New Fourth Army in the southern Anhui Incident It's our responsibility.

After the southern Anhui Incident, Xiang Ying and Zhou zikun led more than 10 soldiers to hide in the nearby mountainous area. On March 24, 1941, they were killed by the traitor General Liu Hou in bee cave, Jingxian County, Anhui Province.

On June 19, 1955, Xiang Ying's remains were buried in the Yuhuatai Martyrs' cemetery in Nanjing. In 1990, a bronze statue of Xiang Ying was erected in Wuchang, inscribed with the inscription of Yang Shangkun, President of the people's Republic of China: "Comrade Xiang Ying's great spirit will last forever.".

working class

Xiang Ying grew up in a poor family and was forced to make a living. After graduating from primary school, she went to work as an apprentice in a factory. She was deeply oppressed by the class and had the idea of seeking liberation. In addition to his work, he began to read progressive books such as labor weekly, and gradually established the belief of striving for the working class's own cause.

Since 1920, comrade Xiang Ying has been involved in the workers' movement. In April 1922, he joined the Communist Party of China under the introduction of Comrade Bao huiseng. In the first climax of China's labor movement, Xiang Yingtong

Chinese PinYin : Xiang Ying